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Summary: Shoot‐level emissions of aerobically produced methane (CH4) may be an overlooked source of tree‐derived CH4, but insufficient understanding of the interactions between their environmental and physiological drivers still prevents the reliable upscaling of canopy CH4 fluxes.We utilised a novel automated chamber system to continuously measure CH4 fluxes from the shoots of Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) saplings under drought to investigate how canopy CH4 fluxes respond to the drought‐induced alterations in their physiological processes and to isolate the shoot‐level production of CH4 from soil‐derived transport and photosynthesis.We found that aerobic CH4 emissions are not affected by the drought‐induced stress, changes in physiological processes, or decrease in photosynthesis. Instead, these emissions vary on short temporal scales with environmental drivers such as temperature, suggesting that they result from abiotic degradation of plant compounds.Our study shows that aerobic CH4 emissions from foliage are distinct from photosynthesis‐related processes. Thus, instead of photosynthesis rates, it is more reliable to construct regional and global estimates for the aerobic CH4 emission based on regional differences in foliage biomass and climate, also accounting for short‐term variations of weather variables such as air temperature and solar radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methane emissions from plant foliage may play an important role in the global methane cycle, but their size and the underlying source processes remain poorly understood. Here, we quantify methane fluxes from the shoots of Scots pine trees, a dominant tree species in boreal forests, to identify source processes and environmental drivers, and we evaluate whether these fluxes can be constrained at the ecosystem-level by eddy covariance flux measurements. We show that shoot-level measurements conducted in forest, garden, or greenhouse settings; on mature trees and saplings; manually and with an automated CO2-, temperature-, and water-controlled chamber system; and with multiple methane analyzers all resulted in comparable daytime fluxes (0.144 ± 0.019 to 0.375 ± 0.074 nmol CH4 g-1 foliar d.w. h-1). We further find that these emissions exhibit a pronounced diurnal cycle that closely follows photosynthetically active radiation and is further modulated by temperature. These diurnal patterns indicate that methane production is associated with diurnal cycle of sunlight, indicating that this production is either a byproduct of photosynthesis-associated biochemical reactions (e.g., the methionine cycle) or produced through nonenzymatic photochemical reactions in plant biomass. Moreover, we identified a light-dependent component in stand-level methane fluxes, which showed order-of-magnitude agreement with shoot-level measurements (0.968 ± 0.031 nmol CH4 g-1 h-1) and which provides an upper limit for shoot methane emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Plants are recognized as sources of aerobically produced methane (CH4), but the seasonality, environmental drivers and significance of CH4 emissions from the canopies of evergreen boreal trees remain poorly understood.We measured the CH4 fluxes from the shoots of Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) and Picea abies (Norway spruce) saplings in a static, non‐steady‐state chamber setup to investigate if the shoots of boreal conifers are a source of CH4 during spring.We found that the shoots of Scots pine emitted CH4 and these emissions correlated with the photosynthetically active radiation. For Norway spruce, the evidence for CH4 emissions from the shoots was inconclusive.Our study shows that the canopies of evergreen boreal trees are a potential source of CH4 in the spring and that these emissions are driven by a temperature‐by‐light interaction effect of solar radiation either directly or indirectly through its effects on tree physiological processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]