Search

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is now recognized as an important participant of tumor progression. As the most abundant extracellular matrix component in TME, collagen plays an important role in tumor development. The imaging study of collagen morphological feature in TME is of great significance for understanding the state of tumor. Multiphoton microscopy (MPM), based on second harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF), can be used to monitor the morphological changes of biological tissues without labeling. In this study, we used MPM for large-scale imaging of early invasive breast cancer from the tumor center to normal tissues far from the tumor. We found that there were significant differences in collagen morphology between breast cancer tumor boundary, near tumor transition region and normal tissues far from the tumor. Furthermore, the morphological feature of eight collagen fibers was extracted to quantify the variation trend of collagen in three regions. These results may provide a new perspective for the optimal negative margin width of breast-conserving surgery and the understanding of tumor metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastric cancer, one of the most common malignant tumors that can affect the digestive system, poses a serious threat to human life. The survival rate of gastric cancer patients depends on early detection and treatment. The widespread adoption of endoscopy has improved the detection rate of early gastric cancer. Accurate preoperative diagnosis of early gastric cancer is key to developing individualized treatment strategies. Here, nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM) is used to differentiate between normal gastric mucosae and those with early gastric cancer. Furthermore, the quantitative relationship between submucosal infiltration depth and collagen signals in early gastric cancer is explored. First, the two-dimensional collagen direction angle was measured as an indicator to identify cancerous tissue. The orientation indexes of collagen fibers in normal and cancerous tissues were found to be 0.8511 ± 0.0839 and 0.6466 ± 0.07429 (P < 0.0001), respectively, indicating a significant decrease for the cancerous site. The backscattered second harmonic generation (SHG) signal corresponding to the collagen content and the three-dimensional collagen fiber orientation were then studied for early gastric cancer at different infiltration depths. The backscattered collagen SHG signal (a.u.) in the infiltrated lamina propria, muscularis mucosa, and submucosa were found to be 0.1850 ± 0.0393, 0.0870 ± 0.0189, and 0.0435 ± 0.0163, respectively. The 3D directional variance of collagen corresponding to the three infiltration depth sites were 0.6108 ± 0.0707, 0.6794 ± 0.0610, and 0.8200 ± 0.0618 (P < 0.05), respectively. Significant differences between the early gastric cancer collagen signals at different infiltration depths were observed. Our results indicate that NLOM can differentiate cancerous tissue from normal tissue, and thus diagnose early gastric cancer based on infiltration depth. NLOM provides a new evaluation method for the real-time in situ diagnosis of early gastric cancer and has important clinical significance for preparing accurate individualized treatment guidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]