Search

The purpose of the study was to establish the effect of different methods (sprinkling, surface and subsoil drip irrigation) and different soil moisture content (HB) (70-75% HB, 75-80% HB and 80-85% HB) on water consumption and seed yield of sesame plants. The research was conducted in the semi-arid climatic zone of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. In these studies, the best method of irrigation and the optimal level of soil moisture for sesame plants were established. The seed productivity of sesame and the elements of the yield structure under different methods and soil moisture levels were established, as well as the indicator of water use efficiency was determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to study the effectiveness and provide an economic assessment of the use of various insecticides against pests on alfalfa seed crops in the second year of the grass stand. The research was conducted during 2019-2021 at the experimental field of the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of the NAAS. Treatment with insecticides was carried out: the first - in the phase of the beginning of budding, the second - before the beginning of flowering. The use of insecticides reduced the number of pests on the grass stand. The most effective in the fight against pests (with the exception of Aphis craccivora Koch) was the preparation with the active substances Chlorpyrifos, 500 g/l and Cypermethrin, 50 g/l and the consumption rate of 1.00 l/ha. The highest seed yield was obtained in the first treatment with an insecticide preparation with the active substances Chlorpyrifos, 500 g/l and Cypermethrin, 50 g/l and the consumption rate of 1.00 l/ha, and in the second treatment with preparations with the active substances Chlorantraniliprole, 200 g/l and Lambda-cyhalothrin, 50 g/l at a rate of 0.17 and 0.15 l/ha, respectively. When irrigated with this variant, the seed productivity was 635.2 kg/ha, which was higher than the control variant by 115.3 kg/ha. Under conditions of natural moisture, the seed yield was 452.5 kg/ha, and was higher than the control by 74.3 kg/ha. The lowest cost price of 0.66 €/ha and the highest conditional net profit of 1702.87 €/ha was obtained on the option: the first treatment - Chlorpyrifos, 500 g/l and Cypermethrin, 50 g/l, the second - Chlorantraniliprole, 200 g/l and Lambda-cyhalothrin, 50 g/l. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the work was to study the influence of rhizobacteria, arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi and their combination on alfalfa seed productivity and the economic effect of their use. The research was conducted during 2018−2020 in a three-factor field experiment under different conditions of moisture (irrigated and non-irrigated) and three varieties of alfalfa under inoculation with bacterial and fungal preparations at the experimental field of the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of the NAAS, located in the steppe zone of Southern Ukraine. In the first year of the life of the herbaceous plant, the seed yield under irrigation was 187.0 kg/ha, which was 83.5 kg/ha more than under natural irrigation conditions. Alfalfa cultivars also differed in seed yield. The minimum seed yield was obtained on the control variant (without inoculation) with irrigation - 147.9 kg/ha in the Unitro variety, 180.6 kg/ha in the Elehiya variety and 161.8 kg/ha in the Luyiza variety, while without irrigation 79 .9, 106.5 and 89.0 kg/ha, respectively. The highest seed yield was obtained by complex (AMF and Sinorhizobium) seed inoculation with Drugs 2 and 4. In the sum of two years, the lowest seed yield was also obtained by the control option (without inoculation) and amounted to 588.5 kg/ha when irrigated in the Unitro variety, of the Elehiya variety - 695.9 and 631.9 in the Luyiza variety, under natural moisture conditions - 386.5, 463.8 and 417.3 kg/ha, respectively. The highest seed productivity under complex inoculation (Drug 2 and Drug 4), which amounted to 715.7–725.7 kg/ha with irrigation in the Unitro variety, 842.2–864.0 kg/ha in the Elehiya variety and 769.9– 780.5 kg/ha in the Luyiza variety, while under conditions of natural moisture – 451.5–454.1 kg/ha, 534.9–547.2 and 485.4–488.0 kg/ha, respectively. The best indicators of economic efficiency were obtained with irrigation, namely the cost price was 1.30 €/kg, conditional net profit – 1,775.40 €/ha. The highest seed productivity was characterized by the Elehiya variety, which, when irrigated, had a seed cost of 1.19 €/kg, conditional net profit of 2,008.36 €/ha, under conditions of natural moisture 1.21 and 1,297.60, respectively. Among the inoculants, the lowest cost price and the largest conditional net profit were obtained with the use of drug 2, which amounted to 1.30 €/kg and 1,779.09 €/ha for irrigation in the Unitro variety, 1.10 €/kg and 2,288.00 for the Elehiya variety €/ha and 1.21 €/kg and 1,980.88 €/ha in the Luyiza variety. Under conditions of natural moisture, the values of these indicators in alfalfa varieties were: 1.39 and 1,074.06, 1.16 and 1,416.63 and 1.29 €/kg and 1,198.69 €/ha, respectively. Inoculation of seeds with fungal and bacterial drugs contributed to the increase of seed productivity, regardless of the year of life of the grass stand, variety and moisture conditions. However, the highest seed yield, and correspondingly the lowest cost and the highest profit, was obtained by complex (AMF and Sinorhizobium) seed inoculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the study was to determine drought tolerance of varieties of oil-seed flax and to improve its cultivation technology through the optimization of mineral nutrition in dependence on soil humidification with connection to the changes of climate in the South of Ukraine. To achieve the goal we performed three-year field experiment with the crop in regard to the design of the study, and investigated such factors as variety (Evryka, Orfei, Vira), mineral nutrition background (N0P0, N45P60, N60P60, N90P60), soil humidification conditions (irrigation, rain-fed). The maximum yields were provided by the variety Evryka (2.36 t ha-1) in the irrigated conditions, and the variety Vira (1.47 t ha-1) in the nonirrigated conditions at the application of N90P60. The best yield of oil was provided by the variety Vira (0.97 t ha-1 and 0.57 t ha-1 with the application of N60P60 in the irrigated and non-irrigated conditions, respectively). The main indices of drought tolerance, namely, mean productivity (MP) - 1.30, yield stability index (YSI) - 0.55, yielding index (YI) - 106, stress tolerance index (STI) - 0.47, revealed that the variety Vira was the best one among the studied varieties of oilseed flax. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed general tendency to the increase in oil-seed yield by 6.431 kg with the increase of irrigation rate by every 1 mm; by 4.548 kg per every 1 kg ha-1 of Nitrogen fertilizers; by 1.228 kg per every 1 kg ha-1 of Phosphorus fertilizers, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]