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Purpose: To explore the mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between perceived social support and resilience in patients with recurrent schizophrenia in China. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 176 patients with recurrent schizophrenia who were hospitalized in a tertiary hospital in Hunan Province, China, completed a general data questionnaire, the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) and the General Self-Efficacy Energy Scale (GSES). Results: Among the 176 patients, the mean GSES score was 2.02± 0.61, the mean PSSS score was 56.77± 14.61, and the mean CD-RISC score was 58.06± 17.26. Self-efficacy played a partial mediating role between social support and resilience, and the mediating effect accounted for 42.56% of the total effect. Conclusion: The resilience level of patients with recurrent schizophrenia in China is moderate and needs to be improved. This research revealed that self-efficacy played a part in mediating perceived social support and resilience in patients with recurrent schizophrenia in China. Perceived social support can indirectly affect resilience in patients with recurrent schizophrenia through self-efficacy. Comprehensive interventions in perceived social support and self-efficacy would help to improve the resilience of patients with recurrent schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]