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In distributionally robust optimization the probability distribution of the uncertain problem parameters is itself uncertain, and a fictitious adversary, e.g., nature, chooses the worst distribution from within a known ambiguity set. A common shortcoming of most existing distributionally robust optimization models is that their ambiguity sets contain pathological discrete distributions that give nature too much freedom to inflict damage. We thus introduce a new class of ambiguity sets that contain only distributions with sum-of-squares (SOS) polynomial density functions of known degrees. We show that these ambiguity sets are highly expressive as they conveniently accommodate distributional information about higher-order moments, conditional probabilities, conditional moments or marginal distributions. Exploiting the theoretical properties of a measure-based hierarchy for polynomial optimization due to Lasserre (SIAM J Optim 21(3):864–885, 2011), we prove that certain worst-case expectation constraints are polynomial-time solvable under these new ambiguity sets. We also show how SOS densities can be used to approximately solve the general problem of moments. We showcase the applicability of the proposed approach in the context of a stylized portfolio optimization problem and a risk aggregation problem of an insurance company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop tractable semidefinite programming based approximations for distributionally robust individual and joint chance constraints, assuming that only the first- and second-order moments as well as the support of the uncertain parameters are given. It is known that robust chance constraints can be conservatively approximated by Worst-Case Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) constraints. We first prove that this approximation is exact for robust individual chance constraints with concave or (not necessarily concave) quadratic constraint functions, and we demonstrate that the Worst-Case CVaR can be computed efficiently for these classes of constraint functions. Next, we study the Worst-Case CVaR approximation for joint chance constraints. This approximation affords intuitive dual interpretations and is provably tighter than two popular benchmark approximations. The tightness depends on a set of scaling parameters, which can be tuned via a sequential convex optimization algorithm. We show that the approximation becomes essentially exact when the scaling parameters are chosen optimally and that the Worst-Case CVaR can be evaluated efficiently if the scaling parameters are kept constant. We evaluate our joint chance constraint approximation in the context of a dynamic water reservoir control problem and numerically demonstrate its superiority over the two benchmark approximations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linear stochastic programming provides a flexible toolbox for analyzing real-life decision situations, but it can become computationally cumbersome when recourse decisions are involved. The latter are usually modeled as decision rules, i.e., functions of the uncertain problem data. It has recently been argued that stochastic programs can quite generally be made tractable by restricting the space of decision rules to those that exhibit a linear data dependence. In this paper, we propose an efficient method to estimate the approximation error introduced by this rather drastic means of complexity reduction: we apply the linear decision rule restriction not only to the primal but also to a dual version of the stochastic program. By employing techniques that are commonly used in modern robust optimization, we show that both arising approximate problems are equivalent to tractable linear or semidefinite programs of moderate sizes. The gap between their optimal values estimates the loss of optimality incurred by the linear decision rule approximation. Our method remains applicable if the stochastic program has random recourse and multiple decision stages. It also extends to cases involving ambiguous probability distributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plain vanilla K-means clustering has proven to be successful in practice, yet it suffers from outlier sensitivity and may produce highly unbalanced clusters. To mitigate both shortcomings, we formulate a joint outlier detection and clustering problem, which assigns a prescribed number of data points to an auxiliary outlier cluster and performs cardinality-constrained K-means clustering on the residual data set, treating the cluster cardinalities as a given input. We cast this problem as a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) that admits tractable semidefinite and linear programming relaxations. We propose deterministic rounding schemes that transform the relaxed solutions to feasible solutions for the MILP. We also prove that these solutions are optimal in the MILP if a cluster separation condition holds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sharp upper bound on the probability of a random vector falling outside a polytope, based solely on the first and second moments of its distribution, can be computed efficiently using semidefinite programming. However, this Chebyshev-type bound tends to be overly conservative since it is determined by a discrete worst-case distribution. In this paper we obtain a less pessimistic Gauss-type bound by imposing the additional requirement that the random vector's distribution must be unimodal. We prove that this generalized Gauss bound still admits an exact and tractable semidefinite representation. Moreover, we demonstrate that both the Chebyshev and Gauss bounds can be obtained within a unified framework using a generalized notion of unimodality. We also offer new perspectives on the computational solution of generalized moment problems, since we use concepts from Choquet theory instead of traditional duality arguments to derive semidefinite representations for worst-case probability bounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]