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Based on the nonequilibrium evolution thermodynamics, the structure refinement of metals during severe plastic deformation is investigated. To describe the formation of stationary (limiting) submicrocrystalline or nanocrystalline structures, a two-defect approximation, including the grain boundaries and dislocations, is used. Introduction of the additive noise for the main parameters into the governing equations allowed us to describe the self-consistent behavior of structural defects during the stationary structure formation. Conditions of achieving the stationary state are investigated and possible scenarios of structure refinement modes are determined. Obtained grain boundary density distributions help to estimate the composition of grain structure in the bulk of metal sample quantitatively. The analysis of time evolution of the grain boundaries density shows the presence of correlated fluctuations. The autocorrelation function, describing the frequency characteristics of the structure refinement, is determined.

Study is devoted to the establishment of regularities of structural and kinetic phenomena occurring during severe plastic deformation. The relations for the stationary dependencies have been constructed. Phase diagram of metals or alloys fragmentation modes at severe plastic deformation was obtained. The dependences of the velocity of change in the grain boundaries density on the magnitude of elastic strain were built. Also phase portraits of the kinetics of nonequilibrium variables were built. The optimal values for the first and second invariants of the elastic strain tensor are established that significantly effect on the appearance of the submicrocrystalline or nanocrystalline limiting (stationary) structure.

Дисертаційна робота присвячена теоретичному опису процесу фрагментації металевої структури, підданої інтенсивній пластичній деформації, встановленню особливостей структурних та кінетичних явищ, що відбуваються у металах під час обробки, стійкості сформованих стаціонарних станів та дослідженню впливу адитивних флуктуацій нерівноважних змінних на хід еволюції структурних дефектів. За результатами проведеного дослідження встановлено умови обробки (значення пружних деформацій), які істотно впливають на формування стійких субмікрокристалічних чи нанокристалічних структур. Побудовані фазові діаграми, що демонструють різні режими фрагментації та дозволяють у загальному виді відобразити сценарії поведінки структурних дефектів під час обробки. Показано, що одержані результати добре пояснюють та дають можливість прогнозувати експериментальні дані: формування стійкої граничної структури з бажаними розмірами зерен та високоми фізико-механічними властивостями. Диссертация посвящена теоретическому описанию процесса фрагментации металлической структуры, подверженной интенсивной пластической деформации, установлению особенностей структурных и кинетических явлений, происходящих в металлах при обработке, устойчивости сформировавшихся стационарных состояний и исследованию влияния аддитивных флуктуаций неравновесных переменных на ход эволюции структурных дефектов. По результатам проведенного исследования установлены условия обработки (значения упругих деформаций), которые существенно влияют на формирование устойчивых субмикрокристаллических или нанокристаллических структур. Построены фазовые диаграммы, которые демонстрируют различные режимы фрагментации и позволяют в общем виде отразить сценарии поведения структурных дефектов во время обработки. Показано, что полученные результаты хорошо объясняют и дают возможность прогнозировать экспериментальные данные: формирование устойчивой предельной структуры с желаемыми размерами зерен и високими физико-механическими свойствами. PhD thesis is devoted to the several aspects: (I) the theoretical description of the process of fragmentation of a metal structure subjected to severe plastic deformation, (II) the establishment of structural and kinetic phenomena peculiarities occurring in metals during processing, (III) the stability of the formed stationary states, (IV) the study of the influence of the additive fluctuations of the main parameters on the evolution process of structural defects. Processing conditions (the value of elastic strains), which significantly influence on the formation of stable submicrocrystalline or nanocrystalline structures, were established by results of study. The phase diagrams were constructed. It demonstrates various modes of fragmentation and allow to reflect the scenarios of behavior of structural defects in a general view during processing. It is shown that the obtained results are well explain and make it possible to predict the experimental data: the formation of a stable limiting structure with the desired grain size and high physical and mechanical properties.

The special approach within nonequilibrium evolutional thermodynamics is developed. Considering two-defect approximation, which takes into account the densities of grain boundaries and dislocations, this theory describes the evolution of defect subsystems of polycrystalline materials and the formation of stationary submicrocrystalline or nanocrystalline structures. The influence of additive noise of basic parameters allows to describe more accurately the self-consistent behavior of considered structural defects and to provide the possibility of the existence of new fragmentation modes during severe plastic deformation. The phase diagram is constructed. The conditions of simultaneous existence of two limiting structures that correspond to the regime of the phases formation with different grain sizes are found. The distribution of the realization of grain boundaries density helps to estimate quantitatively the composition of grain structure over the volume of metal sample.

Considering nonequilibrium evolutional thermodynamics, the approach is developed permitting to describe the process of metal or alloy fragmentation during severe plastic deformation. As a result of an explicit accounting of the main channels of energy dissipation, the basic Gibbs relation is obtained. The concept of state of strongly nonequilibrium system is introduced by means of the expansion of system's thermodynamic potential over independent variables. Using adiabatic approximation the nature of the basic nonequilibrium variables, the Landau-Khalatnikov equation and thermodynamic potential are determined. Carrying out the investigation of stability loss of steady-states of thermodynamic potential, the phase diagram of fragmentation modes of metallic materials is determined. It is shown that defects densities in formed limiting structures correspond to experimentally observed regularities.

The approach of nonequilibrium evolution thermodynamics earlier offered is developed. It helps to describe the processes of defect formation within the adiabatic approximation. The basic equations system depends on the initial defects distribution (dislocations and grain boundaries). The phase diagram is determined with the domains of the realization of different limiting structure types. The interaction effect of several defect types on the formation of a limiting structure is investigated in terms of the internal energy. The conditions of the formation of two limiting structures are found. The kinetics of the steady-state values establishment of the defects density is investigated within the scope of the adiabatic approximation. The dislocations density change follows the evolution of the grain boundaries density in this approach. It is shown that grain sizes, in limiting structures, decrease with an increase of the elastic strains., Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures