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Indecent images of children (IIOC) offences are on the rise year by year, in part due to the easy accessibility to this content with the augmentation of the internet. This has led to increased attention from the public and those involved with law enforcement. However, research into the public perceptions of these offences is very limited. While they do not directly dictate law enforcement, the views of the public have become dominant in penal policymaking and therefore, understanding their current perceptions and beliefs is paramount. One of the only items of research into this area was conducted by Lam et al (2010), who examined the perceptions of North American students on IIOC offences. The current study is a partial replication of this study, and examined these perceptions, using nine vignettes with varying victim and offender age, with a more generalisable U.K. sample. A total of 253 participants rated their perceptions of offence severity, appropriate justice response, the probability of reoffence, the probability of past and future physical sexual contact with a child, the probability that the offender is a paedophile, and the perceived gender of the offender. Victim age influenced perceived crime severity, appropriate justice responses and probability of reoffence. There was no influence by either victim age or offender age on perceived probability of past or future sexual contact with a child, but an interaction between the two independent variables was found on perceived probability the offender was a paedophile. The study notes variation between public perceptions and actual data.

Wie kann sexualisierte Gewalt gegen Kinder und Jugendliche – welche auch in familiärem Kontext auftritt – in pädagogischen Institutionen vorkommen, wo Heranwachsende professionell-pädagogischen Fachkräften und einem pädagogischen System anvertraut werden? Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, begünstigende Faktoren für die Entstehung sexualisierter Gewalt gegen Kinder und Jugendliche in pädagogischen Institutionen auf theoretisch-wissenschaftlicher Grundlage am Beispiel der Odenwaldschule zu untersuchen. Diese ist zwar ein historisches Phänomen, sie beinhaltet jedoch Strukturen, die auf die Gegenwart anwendbar sind. Die Arbeit legt zunächst die geschätzte Prävalenz von sexualisierter Gewalt dar, danach werden theoretisch-allgemein übertragbare Faktoren für die Entstehung sexualisierter Gewalt in Institutionen sowie weitere (allgemeine) Faktoren am Beispiel der Odenwaldschule herausgearbeitet. Im Sinne der allgemeinen Faktoren untersucht die Autorin Täterprofil, den Charakter totaler Institutionen, asymmetrische Machtkonstellationen zwischen Erziehern und Kindern, Familialisierung und unreflektierte Nähe-Distanz-Verhältnisse. Darauf aufbauend steht im zweiten Teil der Untersuchung das System Odenwaldschule im Fokus. Hierzu betrachtet die Autorin binnenstrukturelle Faktoren, die Instrumentalisierung des pädagogischen Eros, das Wegschauen von Mitwissenden und zuletzt die Sprechbarrieren von Betroffenen. (DIPF/Orig.)

Ziel des 64. Beiheftes ist es, Einblick in die aktuellen erziehungswissenschaftlichen Themen und Befunde der Forschung zu sexueller Gewalt in der Kindheit sowie über theoretische Diskussionen zu geben. Die hier versammelten Beiträge repräsentieren auch, aber nicht nur die Forschung aus der BMBF Förderlinie "Sexueller Missbrauch in pädagogischen Kontexten". Vier Schwerpunkte ordnen das Wissen: historisch systematische und empirische Forschungen, sexualisierte Gewalt und Geschlecht, Potenziale und Grenzen von Prävention. Dabei geht es auch um Möglichkeiten, Schweigen zu überwinden, eine Sprache zu finden und um die Anerkennung der Erfahrungen von Betroffenen. (DIPF/Verlag)

Der Beitrag stellt ein Forschungsprojekt zum Umgang mit Pädophilie und sexuellem Kindesmissbrauch im Nationalsozialismus vor. Es handelt sich hier um ein Forschungsdesiderat, das aufgrund der Sensibilität der Thematik einen besonders reflektierten Blick sowohl auf verwendete Begriffe als auch die Quellen notwendig macht. Neben einer Darlegung des aktuellen Forschungsstands thematisiert der Text deshalb auch Fallstricke und Probleme und liefert einen Einblick in erste Ergebnisse. Als Quellengrundlage für das skizzierte Projekt dienen mehrere Hundert zwischen 1933 und 1945 angelegte Akten aus dem Landesarchiv Berlin, die Verstöße gegen § 176 (Absatz 3) SGB behandeln und von denen bislang 21 Akten intensiv ausgewertet wurden. (DIPF/Orig.), The paper presents a research project dealing with pedophilia and child sexual abuse in National Socialism. This is a research gap that, because of the sensitivity of the topic, makes a particularly reflective view on both the terms used and the sources necessary. In addition to presenting the current status of research, the text also deals with pitfalls and problems and provides an insight into first results. As a basis for the project outlined, about 500 files from the Landesarchiv Berlin (1933-1945) deal with violations of paragraph 176 (paragraph 3), of which up to now 21 files were analyzed intensively. (DIPF/Orig.)

Seit einigen Jahren verunsichern öffentlich bekannt gewordene Fälle sexuellen Missbrauchs durch jugendbewegte Täter die dortige Szene. Es zeichnet sich ab, dass sexuelle Kontakte insbesondere zu pubertären Jungen durch jugendbewegt geprägte Personen als keine von den alternativkulturellen Bedingungen losgelöste Einzelfälle zu begreifen sind. Insbesondere in einigen Gruppierungen vertretene erotische Beziehungsvorstellungen und Alltagskulturen konnten Tätern Angebote der Selbstlegitimation geben und es ermöglichen, auf grundsätzlichen Macht-, Wissens- und Erfahrungsgefälle aufbauende sexuelle Gewalt innerhalb der Gruppenstrukturen zu kaschieren. Der Beitrag gibt Einblicke in ein derzeit im Fachbereich Europäische Ethnologie/ Volkskunde laufendes Promotionsprojekt, das sich dieser Problematik unter kulturwissenschaftlicher Fragestellung im Sinne der Aufarbeitung widmet. (DIPF/Orig.), During the last couple of years, cases of sexual abuse committed by members of the German youth movement have been made publicly known, causing distress on the local scene. lt is becoming apparent that sexual relationships, especially those between pubescent boys and people shaped by the German youth movement, should not be understood as isolated individual cases in alternative cultural conditions. Some groups in particular represent erotic relationship ideas and everyday cultures that offer offenders self-legitimation and make it possible to conceal sexual violence, based on fundamental power, knowledge and experience gaps, within the group structure. This article provides an insight into a current doctoral project, within the field of European Ethnology, devoting itself to the process of working through the problem from a cultural studies perspective. (DIPF/Orig.)

Auf der Grundlage zweier umfangreicher qualitativer Studien zur Aufarbeitung der Systeme von Misshandlung und sexuellem Missbrauch, die über mehrere Jahrzehnte in den Klöstern Ettal und Kremsmünster und ihren zugehörigen Internaten etabliert und aufrechterhalten wurden, werden in diesem Beitrag die spezifischen Gefährdungskomplexe rekonstruiert, denen Schüler in diesen Institutionen ausgesetzt waren. So kann verdeutlicht werden, wie etwa die hier bestehenden geschlechtshomogenen Sozialisationsbedingungen im Sinne traditioneller Männlichkeitsnormen, eine rigide raumzeitliche Organisation des Alltags und eine Kultivierung gewaltvoller Sozialbeziehungen "Räume für Missbrauch" entstehen ließen. Über die deskriptiven und analytischen Perspektiven, die in diesem Beitrag erschlossen werden hinaus, diskutieren die Autoren die Bedeutung sozialwissenschaftlicher Aufarbeitung sowohl als Sprachrohr für Betroffene als auch hinsichtlich ihrer Implikationen für die gegenwärtige und künftige Gestaltung pädagogischer Institutionen. (DIPF/Orig.), Based on two extensive qualitative review studies of the systems of maltreatment and sexual abuse, which were established and perpetuated over several decades in the abbey schools of Ettal and Kremsmünster, this contribution reconstructs the specific risk constellations to which students were exposed in both of these institutions. lt can therefore be seen that the conditions of gender-homogeneous socialization, in terms of traditional masculine norms, a rigid spatiotemporal regimentation of everyday life, and the overall acceptance and support of violent social relationships produced "spaces of abuse". In addition to the descriptive and analytical perspectives that are developed in this contribution, the authors also discuss the importance of the socio-scientific process of coming to terms with institutional abuse as a mouthpiece for the victims, as well as with regard to its implications for the current and future arrangements of educational institutions. (DIPF/Orig.)

A scientific nomenclature oferotic age preferencesinformed the mid- through late nineteenth century joint appearance of homosexuality and sexual abuse of minors on the medico-legal scene. Yet, even in the twenty-first century, legal, psychiatric and culture-critical dimensions of related terms are rarely cleanly distinguished. Review of primary sources shows the ongoing Western suspension of notions of ‘sick desire’, alongside and beyond the medicalisation of homosexuality, between metaphor, legal interdiction and postulated psychopathology. Virtually all early attention to erotic age preference occurred in the context of emergent attention to erotic gender preference. Age of attraction and age difference centrally animate modern homosexuality’s pre-modern past; its earliest psychiatric nomenclature and typologies (1844–69); its early aetiologies stipulating degrees of sexual differentiation (1890s); its concomitant sub-classification (1896–1914); its earliest psychophysiological tests (1950s); and, finally, its post-psychiatric, social scientific typologies (1980s). Several identifications of ‘paedophilia’ were seen throughout the 1890s but as a trope it gained cultural momentum only during, and as a seemingly intriguing corollary of, the progressive depsychiatricisation of homosexuality across the Anglo-European world (late 1950s through 1980s). Early twentieth century sources varied in having it denote (1) a distinct perversion, thus possible ‘complication’ of sexual inversion (2) a discrete corollary of psychosexual differentiation akin to gender preference (3) a distinct subtype of fetishism, thus a likely imprint of early seduction (4) a more intricate expression of erotic symbolism or psychosexual complex or (5) a taste answering to culture, a lack of it, or a libertine disregard for it.

Otkrivanje seksualnih zlostavljanja malodobnih osoba od strane katoličkih klerika potaklo je zajednički napor Crkve i društvenih institucija u suočavanju s ovim poremećajem. U tu svrhu prilog iznosi fenomenologiju poremećaja i niz podataka glede stvarnog broja žrtava, stavljajući ih u opći kontekst ovog poremećaja u društvu. Etiološko pitanje nije jednoznačno odgovoreno, ali se čini da valja uzeti u obzir više čimbenika u interakciji. Prilog se zatim okreće specifičnoj situaciji počinitelja koji je i sam bio žrtva zlostavljanja, te kroz čin evocira nerazriješenu traumu identificirajući se sa žrtvom. Raspoloživa istraživanja omogućuju ocrtavanje profila osobnosti koja bi mogla razviti ovo devijantno seksualno ponašanje u za to povoljnim društvenim okolnostima., Sexual abuse of minors is a serious problem in society which has been given a great deal of attention and aroused general condemnation which leaves room for possible media manipulation. Due to the complexity of the situation a multi-disciplinary approach is required to determine the facts, to help the victims and abusers and to establish a platform for preventative action: To help those who may possibly develop this sort of disorder or to prevent them from having access to minors through (concrete) church service. This article is primarily targeted to those responsible for the education of candidates to Church service and could serve as the basis for Canon dealing with this disorder. For the purpose of clarifying this disorder, the article first gives a brief overview of available data and estimates of the presence of the disorder amongst the Catholic clergy. It then gives an interpretation of the data in order to establish an objective insight into the factual state compared to interpretations given under current impressions, social pressure, unobjective reports or with an attitude of defence and diminishment of the situation. The second chapter highlights the phenomenology of the disorder while the third chapter defines the etiological question which foresees the interaction of various factors in their formation: biological (neurological, endocrinal), psychological and sociological. The fourth chapter presents possible psychological dynamical development of sexual preference toward minors amongst those who themselves were victims of similar abuse. Based on that said, the fifth chapter of the article deals with some significant determinants in personality that could contribute to the development of this deviational sexual behaviour. The conclusion presents the current situation in handling this disturbance, some dilemmas and difficulties that arise and offers the possibility of further discussion.

Diploma thesis "Child sexual abuse in Czech republic" deals with the development and especially with the stage in our republic about this issue. The thesis in the first two parts examine the issue of child sexual abuse from number of points of view, which are the actors how enter to the issue, what does the child sexual abuse mean and which are its forms, analyse the problems during the solution of this issue in Czech republic. In the second part the diploma thesis goes in for the possibilities of solution of the issue in Czech republic. With the help of the evaluation of some options, where as examples are some foreign models, in this thesis there are proposed some proceedings which would be advisable to introduce in Czech republic for the effective solution of the issue.

The aim of this study is identify potential factors associated with child sexual abuse confirmation at forensic examinations. The forensic files of children under 12 years of age reporting sexual abuse at the Nina Rodrigues Institute of Forensic Medicine in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil between January 2008 and December 2009 were reviewed. A multivariate analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with finding evidence of sexual abuse in forensic examinations. The proportion of cases confirmed by the forensic physician based on material evidence was 10.4%. Adjusted analysis showed that the variables place of birth, type of abuse reported, family relationship between the child and the perpetrator, and the interval between the reported abuse and the forensic examination were not independently associated with finding forensic evidence of sexual abuse. A report of penetration was associated with a five-fold greater likelihood of confirmation, while the victim being 10-11 years of age was associated with a two-fold of abuse confirmation than younger children. These findings should be taken into consideration when drawing up guidelines for the multidisciplinary evaluation of children suspected of being victims of sexual abuse and in deciding whether to refer the child for forensic examination.