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A Ti–25Nb shape memory alloy (SMA) exhibits shape memory effect associated with stress-induced martensitic transformation from β to α″ phase. Addition of oxygen stabilizes the β phase and changes stress–strain response. Oxygen-added Ti–25Nb SMAs show a more distinct superelastic behavior. In this work, digital image correlation (DIC) was applied to investigate for the first time full-field deformation of Ti–25Nb, Ti–25Nb–0.3O and Ti–25Nb–0.7O (at. pct) SMAs. The specimens were subjected to loading–unloading tensile tests to study local and global mechanical characteristics related to activity of particular deformation mechanisms of the SMAs. Strain and strain rate fields were quantitatively compared at selected stages of each SMA's deformation. It was found that the Ti–25Nb SMA exhibits a macroscopically localized Lüders-type deformation associated with the stress-induced phase transformation, whereas Ti–25Nb–0.3O and Ti–25Nb–0.7O SMAs show more discrete types of deformation related to activity of interstitial oxygen atoms. As a consequence, at particular stages of deformation, local values of strain rate of Ti–25Nb SMA were significantly higher than those of average strain rate. The results obtained in this paper provide a better understanding of the deformation mechanism in the oxygen-added Ti–25Nb based SMAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of Al addition on the superelastic properties of Ti-Zr-Nb alloys were investigated. Ti-18Zr-(12-16)Nb-(0-4)Al (at.%) alloys were prepared by the Ar arc melting method and superelastic properties, transformation temperature, and transformation strain were investigated quantitatively. The superelastic strain increased by the addition of Al and a large recovery strain of 6.1% was observed in a Ti-18Zr-13.5Nb-3Al alloy. The large superelastic strain of Al-added alloys was found to be due to a large transformation strain and a strong recrystallization texture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanical properties and shape memory behavior of Ti–26Nb–(0–1.0)B and Ti–27Nb alloys were investigated. The stress for inducing martensite and the critical stress for slip deformation were greatly affected by increasing B content up to 0.1 at%, and less affected by further increase in B content up to 0.7 at%. The martensitic transformation start temperature decreased suddenly with a slope of 350 K/at% B when B content was less than 0.1 at% and decreased with a smaller slope of 15 K/at% B with further increase in B content up to 1.0 at%. In all samples tested, only superelasticity was observed at room temperature. TEM investigations revealed that the solubility of B in Ti–26Nb alloy was around 0.1 at%. In spite of the low solubility limit, B was effective to stabilize the superelastic behavior by effectively increasing the critical stress for slip deformation. On the other hand, while the stress for inducing martensite increased effectively by the addition of 1.0 at% Nb to the Ti–26Nb alloy, the critical stress for slip deformation remained almost constant and hence superelasticity was deteriorated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the stress for inducing the martensitic transformation in a Ti–27Nb alloy changed only slightly on aging, the stress at which the martensite phase starts to plastically deform and the ultimate tensile strength increased on aging due to the formation of thermal ω phase or α phase. An anomalous temperature dependence of the shape memory behavior was also observed and explained by the fact that the thermal ω phase encouraged the formation of the athermal ω phase during cooling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new class of Ti–50Zr base biomedical superelastic alloys was developed in this study. The (Ti–Zr)–Mo–Sn alloys exhibited a shape memory effect and superelastic property by adjusting Mo and Sn contents. The (Ti–Zr)–1.5Mo–3Sn alloy revealed the most stable superelasticity among (Ti–Zr)–(1–2)Mo–(2–4)Sn alloys. The superelastic recovery strain showed a strong dependence on heat treatment temperature after cold working in the (Ti–Zr)–1.5Mo–3Sn alloy. The superelastic recovery strain increased as the heat treatment temperature increased although the critical stress for slip decreased. The (Ti–Zr)–1.5Mo–3Sn alloy heat treated at 1073 K exhibited excellent superelastic properties with a large recovery strain as large as 7% which is due to the strong {001} β <110> β recrystallization texture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Prior cold deformation ratio plays an important role for the precipitation behavior. [•] Grain boundaries serve as the potential nucleation sites for TiPdCu precipitates. [•] Inclusions can also serve as the heterogeneous nucleation sites. [•] In annealed Ti-Ni-Pd-Cu alloys, the TiPdCu type precipitates are formed first. [•] The prior cold deformation can effectively improve shape memory properties. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The effects of Sn content on the stress hysteresis and superelastic properties of Ti–15Nb–3Mo–(0–1.5)Sn were investigated. The stress hysteresis decreased with increasing Sn content due to the suppression of athermal ω phase formation. The addition of Sn was also very effective at increasing the superelastic recovery strain. Due to the dual effect of Sn, which both decreases the M s and suppresses the athermal ω phase, the stress for inducing martensitic transformation decreased with increasing Sn content up to 1at.%, then increased on further addition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The combined effects of work hardening and precipitation strengthening were employed to improve the cyclic stability of TiNiPdCu-based high-temperature shape memory alloys. Annealing after cold deformation resulted in the formation of nano-scale TiPdCu and Ti2Pd precipitates, stable at high temperatures in Ti50Ni25− x Pd25Cu x alloys. The nano-scale precipitates were also observed to retard recovery/recrystallization processes at higher temperatures. It was found that the combined effects of work hardening and precipitation strengthening remarkably enhanced the high-temperature stability of the Ti50Ni20Pd25Cu5 alloy and increased its maximum working temperature range while keeping the transformation temperatures and recovery strains at sufficiently high levels. Precipitation strengthening helped to greatly improve the high-temperature cyclic stability of the alloy. Creep tests at 673K under 500MPa confirmed that the better high-temperature cyclic stability of the precipitate-containing alloy was mainly due to its higher creep resistance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The effects of thermomechanical treatment on the microstructure and high-temperature shape-memory characteristics of a TiNiPdCu alloy were investigated. An unexpected precipitation behavior was identified in a Ti50Ni15Pd25Cu10 alloy. Very high densities of nanoscale precipitates of TiPdCu and Ti2Pd types were found to be formed in the thermomechanically treated Ti50Ni15Pd25Cu10 alloy. A spinodal type of decomposition process was expected to be the cause of the observed precipitation behavior. It was noticed that the preferential diffusion of Cu atoms towards the heterogeneous nucleation sites promoted the precipitation of TiPdCu-type precipitates, which in turn promoted the precipitation of fine Ti2Pd-type precipitates. These precipitates greatly increased the resistance against the transformation-induced plasticity and creep deformation, especially at high stresses and high temperatures, mainly because of the high-temperature stability of these precipitates. High densities of these nanoscaled precipitates caused an anomalous increase in hardness and retarded the martensitic transformation. It was expected that the current research results could be highly beneficial for the development of high-temperature shape-memory alloys stable at temperatures >773K, while keeping the benefits of ease of fabrication. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The effect of Nb content on the cold workability, microstructure and shape memory properties of Ti–Ni–Hf–Nb alloys is investigated. The addition of Nb to Ti–Ni–Hf improves the cold workability due to the formation of a soft Nb-rich phase. The Ti–Ni–Hf–Nb alloys exhibit a high-temperature shape memory effect during heating and cooling cycles under various stress levels. As the Nb content increases, the shape memory properties of the Ti–Ni–Hf–Nb alloys become more stable although the shape recovery strain decreases. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The microstructure and martensitic transformation behavior of (Ti–23Nb)–1.0O (at.%) alloy have been closely and systematically investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Diffuse streaks along the directions with intensity maxima at 1/2 positions between basal spots are observed in selected area diffraction patterns obtained from the β phase. The streaks correspond to six variants of transverse lattice modulation caused by randomly distributed oxygen atoms and their local strain fields. Nanosized modulated domains (nanodomains) in the β phase are confirmed in dark field micrographs. These nanodomains act as local barriers to martensitic transformation, thereby suppressing long-range martensitic transformation in the (Ti–23Nb)–1.0O alloy. We suggest a new mechanism for superelasticity in oxygen-containing β-Ti–Nb alloys based on the results of in situ X-ray diffraction measurements and in situ TEM observations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The effects of Ta and Sn contents on the martensitic transformation temperature, crystal structure and thermal stability of Ti–Ta–Sn alloys are investigated in order to develop novel high temperature shape memory alloys. The martensitic transformation temperature significantly decreases by aging or thermal cycling due to the formation of ω phase in the Ti–Ta binary alloys. The addition of Sn is effective for suppressing the formation of ω phase and improves stability of shape memory effect during thermal cycling. The amount of Sn content necessary for suppressing aging effect increases with decreasing Ta content. High martensitic transformation temperature with good thermal stability can be achieved by adjustment of the Ta and Sn contents. Furthermore, the addition of Sn as a substitute of Ta with keeping the transformation temperature same increases the transformation strain in the Ti–Ta–Sn alloys. A Ti–20Ta–3.5Sn alloy reveals stable shape memory effect with a martensitic transformation start temperature about 440K and a larger recovery strain when compared with a Ti–Ta binary alloy showing similar martensitic transformation temperature. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The composition dependence of the mechanical properties and martensitic transformation behavior of Ti–Nb–4Zr–2Ta–N alloys is investigated. The effect of annealing temperature on the microstructural evolution and superelastic properties in the N-added and N-free alloys is compared. The addition of N decreases M s of Ti–Nb–4Zr–2Ta alloys by about 200K per 1at.%N and improves the superelastic properties of Ti–Nb–4Zr–2Ta alloys. The dissolution of α phase increases the martensitic transformation start temperature and decreases the superelastic recovery strain for the N-free alloy, whereas it causes opposite effects for the N-added alloy. The different annealing temperature dependences of superelastic properties are discussed on the basis of microstructure observation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The effect of ternary alloying elements (X=V, Cr, Fe, Zr, Hf, Mo, Sn, Al) on the shape memory behavior of Ti–30Ta–X alloys was investigated. All the alloying elements decreased the martensitic transformation temperatures. The decrease in the martensitic transformation start (M s) temperature due to alloying was affected by the atomic size and number of valence electrons of the alloying element. A larger number of valence electrons and a smaller atomic radius of an alloying element decreased the M s more strongly. The effect of the alloying elements on suppressing the aging effect on the shape memory behavior was also investigated. It was found that the additions of Sn and Al to Ti–Ta were effective in suppressing the effect of aging on the shape memory behavior, since they strongly suppress the formation of ω phase during aging treatment. For this reason the Ti–30Ta–1Al and Ti–30Ta–1Sn alloys exhibited a stable high-temperature shape memory effect during thermal cycling. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The crystallization process of as-deposited Ti–Ni–(10.8–29.5)Zr amorphous thin films was investigated. The Ti–Ni–Zr as-deposited films with a low Zr content exhibited a single exothermic peak due to the crystallization of (Ti,Zr)Ni with a B2 structure. In contrast, a two-step crystallization process was observed in the Ti–Ni–Zr thin films with a high Zr content. Shape memory behavior of Ti–Ni–Zr thin films heat treated at 873–1073K was investigated by thermal cycling tests under various stresses. The martensitic transformation start temperature increased with increasing Zr content until reaching the maximum value, then decreased with further increasing Zr content. The inverse dependence of transformation temperature on Zr content in the thin films with a high Zr content is due to the formation of a NiZr phase during the crystallization heat treatment. The formation of the NiZr phase increased the critical stress for slip but decreased the recovery strain. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this study, the effect of Ta content on shape memory behavior of Ti–Ta alloys was investigated. The shape memory effect was confirmed in Ti–(30–40)Ta alloys. The martensitic transformation start temperature (M s) decreased by 30K per 1at.% Ta. The amount of ω phase formed during aging decreased with increasing Ta. A stable high-temperature shape memory effect was confirmed for Ti–32Ta (M s =440K) during thermal cycling between 173 and 513K. On the other hand, the high-temperature shape memory effect of Ti–22Nb, which has a similar M s to Ti–32Ta, exhibited poor stability due to the large amount of ω phase formed during thermal cycling. It is suggested that Ti–Ta is an attractive candidate for the development of novel high-temperature shape memory alloys. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This study showed that a superior combination of high strength and ultra-low modulus can be achieved by the addition of N in a meta-stable β-type Ti–Zr based alloy undergoing stress-induced martensitic transformation. A Ti–18Zr–3Nb–2Mo–3Sn alloy exhibited a very low Young's modulus; however, the stress-induced martensitic transformation occurred at a low stress level. The addition of N facilitated the formation of nano-sized lattice modulation (nano-domain) structure and impeded the stress-induced martensitic transformation, leading to higher apparent yield stress, narrower stress hysteresis and large non-linear elasticity. A Ti–18Zr–3Nb–2Mo–3Sn–1.2N alloy exhibited an excellent combination of a low Young's modulus of 41 GPa and a high strength of 920 MP along with a large recovery strain with negligible hysteresis. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ti–Ni–Pd shape memory alloys are promising candidates for high-temperature actuators operating at above 373 K. One of the key issues in developing high-temperature shape memory alloys is the degradation of shape memory properties and dimensional stabilities because plastic deformation becomes more pronounced at higher working temperature ranges. In this study, the effect of the Ti:(Ni + Pd) atomic ratio in TixNi70−xPd30 alloys with Ti content in the range from 49 at.% to 52 at.% on the martensitic transformation temperatures, microstructures and shape memory properties during thermal cycling under constant stresses were investigated. The martensitic transformation temperatures decreased with increasing or decreasing Ti content from the stoichiometric composition. In both Ti-rich and Ti-lean alloys, the transformation temperatures decreased during thermal cycling and the degree of decrease in the transformation temperatures became more pronounced as the composition of the alloy departed from the stoichiometric composition. Ti2Pd and P phases were formed during thermal cycling in Ti-rich and Ti-lean alloys, respectively. Both Ti-rich and Ti-lean alloys exhibited superior dimensional stabilities and excellent shape memory properties with higher recovery ratio and larger work output during thermal cycling under constant stresses when compared with the alloys with near-stoichiometric composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The temperature dependence of nano-sized lattice modulation (nanodomains) introduced by oxygen atoms and martensitic transformation behavior of the (Ti–23Nb)–1.0O alloy were systematically investigated. Nanodomains in the β phase became unstable at higher temperatures and disappeared >373 K, where time-dependent heating-induced forward transformation (HIFT) was confirmed in the (Ti–23Nb)–1.0O alloy. The thermally activated process of HIFT in the (Ti–23Nb)–1.0O alloy was the diffusion of oxygen atoms in nanodomains. Anomalous temperature dependence of shape memory behavior was also confirmed in the (Ti–23Nb)–1.0O alloy, and its mechanism was successfully explained by the diffusion of oxygen atoms during tensile deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The effect of Pd content on the microstructure and high-temperature shape memory properties of Ti–Ni–Pd–Cu alloys was investigated. The increase in Pd content led to the increase of transformation temperatures. The volume fraction of two types of precipitates (i.e. TiPdCu and Ti2Pd) also increased with increasing Pd content. Although the formation of these precipitates resulted in an increased resistance against the plastic deformation, the amount of recovery strain decreased during thermal cycling tests at various stress levels. By adjusting the heat treatment time, a high transformation temperature and large amount of recovery strain could be achieved while keeping the enough resistance against the plastic deformation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

(Ti–Zr–Hf) (97− x) – x Nb–3Sn (Ti:(Zr + Hf) = 1:1) alloys were designed for biomedical superelastic alloys with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compatibility. The effects of Zr and Hf on constituent phases, superelasticity, shape memory effect and magnetic susceptibility were clarified. The specific Nb content for superelasticity and shape memory effect was also explored. It was found that the (Ti–Zr)–6.5Nb–3Sn alloy exhibited a superelastic recovery strain of 5.2 % with lower magnetic susceptibility compared to conventional Ti–Ni and Ti–Nb alloys. The magnetic susceptibility decreased with increasing Hf content. The (Ti–Hf)–9Nb–3Sn alloy showed a superelastic recovery strain of 0.9 % and very low magnetic susceptibility less than half of that of the conventional alloys. Based on the lattice parameters of these alloys, it was found that these alloys exhibited larger transformation lattice strain between a β phase and an α " phase than those of the Ti–Nb alloys, suggesting high potential to exhibit a large superelastic recovery strain. According to orientation analyses of constituting grains, the larger superelastic recovery strain in the (Ti–Zr)–6.5Nb–3Sn alloy than that of the (Ti–Hf)–9Nb–3Sn alloy is considered to be caused by a strong recrystallization texture of {001} β <110> β. By optimization of heat-treatment temperature, superelastic recovery strain of 3.6 % was achieved in the (Ti–0.5Zr–0.5Hf)–7.5Nb–3Sn alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The effect of room temperature (RT) aging on the superelasticity of Ti–Nb–Mo-based superelastic alloys is investigated. The results show that annealing at relatively low temperatures such as 973K after severe cold rolling results in poor resistance to the effect of RT aging. The transformation stress increases considerably due to the formation of an isothermal ω phase at RT. Addition of Sn is partially effective in suppressing the RT aging effect in the specimens annealed at 973K. The RT aging effect is suppressed by increasing the annealing temperature, due to the annihilation of lattice defects or non-equilibrium vacancies introduced during cold rolling, which are responsible for accelerating the diffusion process, however, superelasticity is reduced by annealing at higher temperatures, due to a decrease in the critical stress for slip deformation (σ CSS). The specimen annealed at 1173K followed by aging at 773K exhibits stable superelasticity with a high resistance to the effect of RT aging. Annealing at 1173K causes the annihilation of lattice defects or non-equilibrium vacancies, while aging at 773K induces precipitation of the α phase, which in turn causes an increase in σ CSS, and further enhances the resistance to the RT aging effect by enriching the matrix with β-stabilizing elements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Ti–Ni microtubes are attractive materials for biomedical devices, such as micro-catheters and micro-stents, but it is difficult to fabricate them with dimensions of less than 100μm by conventional tube-drawing. In this study, Ti–Ni microtubes with 50μm inner diameter and a tube wall thickness of 6μm was successfully fabricated using a novel method in which Ti–Ni was sputter-deposited on a Cu wire with a diameter of 50μm. All the microtubes exhibited shape memory behavior after crystallization at 873K for 3.6ks. Microtubes fabricated without rotating the Cu wire during deposition have low fracture strength due to the columnar grains and non-uniform tube wall thickness. Microtubes fabricated by depositing Ti–Ni on a rotating wire have a uniform wall thickness and the fracture strength increased with increasing rotation speed. Microtubes made by the rotating-wire method exhibited superelasticity of 3% strain at room temperature with high fracture stress of 950MPa, suggesting that they are suitable for practical applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Constituent phases, shape memory and superelastic properties and microstructure in β -type Zr–(6–10.5)Nb–(2–5)Sn (at.%) alloys were investigated. Zr–(8–10.5)Nb–(2–4)Sn alloys exhibited shape memory effect and partial superelastic recovery. Zr–(8–9)Nb–5Sn alloys exhibited distinct superelasticity. The alloys with low Nb content (x < 8 at.%) exhibited an α " phase and a β phase. For the alloys with high Nb content (x ≥ 8 at.%), in addition to the matrix of a β phase, a β ′ phase with a body-centered tetragonal structure was observed. Lattice deformation strains were calculated based on the lattice parameters of the β phase and the α " phase. The distribution of the β ′ phase showed no significant Nb content dependence, whereas the addition of Sn caused a sparse distribution of the β ′ phase. In situ X-ray diffraction measurements under heating and cooling revealed that transformation between the β phase and the β ′ phase is reversible. The β ′ phase was absent in the deformation-induced α " phase, suggesting that β '→ α " phase transformation occurred during the deformation together with β → α " phase transformation. TEM observation revealed that dislocations remained in the deformation-induced α " phase closed to the β ′ phase. The presence of the β ′ phase was considered to be the cause for a larger stress hysteresis and a smaller superelastic recovery strain in the Zr-based superelastic alloys than those in Ti-based superelastic alloys. The effect of the β ' phase on the superelastic properties of Zr-based alloys was discussed in comparison with Ti-based alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel superelastic alloys and shape memory alloys composed of multi-principal elements with non-toxic and low magnetic susceptibility were developed. Phase constitution, crystallographic characteristics, mechanical properties, superelasticity and shape memory effect were investigated in Ti–Zr–Hf–Nb–Sn alloys. According to X-ray measurements, compositions exhibiting β phase, α ' phase and α " phase were determined. The lattice parameters of the phases were also determined. Lattice deformation strains were calculated based on the lattice parameters. The Ti–Zr–Hf–Nb–Sn alloys exhibited high tensile strength in a range of 600–1000 MPa. Superelasticity and shape memory effect due to β → α " martensitic transformation and the reverse transformation were observed in the Ti–Zr–Hf–Nb–Sn alloys. Superelastic recovery strain of 2.1% was observed in a (TiZrHf)–8.5Nb–3Sn alloy. The (TiZrHf)–8.5Nb–3Sn alloy exhibited low magnetic susceptibility comparing with alloys applied in medical fields. Potential of large superelastic recovery strain of the alloys was discussed based on the crystallographic and microstructural characteristics. • Novel superelastic alloys with low magnetic susceptibility are developed. • Ti–Zr–Hf–Nb–Sn multicomponent alloys exhibit higher strength than Ti-based alloys. • The Ti–Zr–Hf–Nb–Sn alloys exhibit over 2% of superelastic recovery strain. • The shape recovery is due to β → α " martensitic transformation and its reversion. • The alloys potentially perform large recovery strain due to large transformation strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The superelastic properties of a novel shape memory Ti–24Zr–10Nb–2Sn alloy were evaluated in two different auxetic geometrics embedded in an airfoil by the nonlinear finite element software Abaqus. In the first part, a constitutive model was developed to determine the phenomenology and mechanical response of shape memory alloy in a superelastic state. In the second part, a numerical model of re-entrant and chiral auxetic structures was developed. The beam modeling was selected due to its efficiency in contrast to the shell and 3D solid elements. The chiral structure (simple AAS and complex AAC) is accommodated within the airfoil providing flexibility and ability to withstand loads. A larger displacement with limited strain of the airfoil was observed in both conditions. Numerical results of auxetic structural elements were consistent with experimental results. This study explores the superelastic capability of novel shape memory alloys embedded with auxetic core lattice as an alternative for soft morphing airfoil. • Finite element modeling of auxetic structures were developed to simulate superelastic capacity of Ti–24Zr alloy. • Two-dimensional model of the Eppler 420 airfoil structure was developed and evaluated for external loading conditions. • A constitutive model was developed to determine the mechanical response of shape memory alloy in a superelastic state. • The maximum stress is proportional to the number of sub-cells in auxetic structures. • A larger displacement with limited strain of the airfoil was observed in simple AAS and complex AAC chiral structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biocompatibility of a recently developed Ni-free Ti–16Nb–3Mo–1Sn (at.%) superelastic alloy was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, static water contact angle (WCA) and electrochemical tests were carried out. Commercial purity Ti (cp-Ti), which is already being used as a clinical material, was used as the control material. The alloy showed a stable corrosion behavior similar to that of the cp-Ti. The WCA measurements showed that the alloy exhibited hydrophilic properties that contributed to cell attachment to implants, as evident by the cytocompatibility tests. According to the in vivo implantation tests conducted on 30 adult BALB/c rats for periods up to 12 weeks, the tissue reaction around the implants was similar for both the cp-Ti and the alloy, and no significant difference was found in almost all parameters analyzed. Due to its stable superelastic properties accompanied with excellent biocompatibility and high corrosion resistance, we believe that this alloy is considered as a promising substitute for the biomedical materials containing Ni or other toxic elements. Unlabelled Image • The Ti–16Nb–3Mo–1Sn superelastic alloy proved an excellent corrosion resistance. • The murine fibroblasts and osteoblastic cells grew well on alloy's surface. • Hydrophilicity of the alloy contributed well to cell attachment to implants. • The alloy showed an excellent in vivo biocompatibility in all rats tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]