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Amino acids are among the earliest organic molecules to exist on Earth, and the origin of such bio-molecules on Earth is still a topic of intense discussion in the associated scientific area. In this regard, one of the crucial methods to investigate this subject and to better comprehend the emergence of biomolecules on the planet is to carry out indoor laboratory-size shock wave recovery experiments. In this instance, we have investigated the structural and morphological properties of L -serine powder samples processed using acoustic shock waves. The effects of shock waves on the title sample have been studied using conventional diffraction and microscopy methods. According to the diffraction results, under shocked conditions, there has been no crystallographic phase change observed, whereas the entire test samples have undergone dynamic recrystallization with the same P212121 space group. Shock wave-driven dynamic recrystallization theories can explain the observed surface changes on the test samples, which underwent considerable surface modifications under shocked conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3), due to its thermoelectric properties, is an interesting semiconducting material for optoelectronics and energy conversion devices; still, it has limited stability and durability. Under high pressure, we can fine-tune its performance, potentially enhancing its capabilities. The presented work uses the semi-automatic Reddy tube to explore the behavior of bismuth telluride under dynamic pressure. Commercially available bismuth telluride was purchased and subjected to different numbers of shock pulses of 100, 200, 300, and 400 with 2 MPa transient pressure and 864 K transient temperature. XRD, Raman, UV-DRS, PL, and SEM were used to characterize Bi2Te3 and shock-loaded Bi2Te3. The XRD and Raman study confirms that the Bi2Te3 underwent phase transition from Bi2Te3 to Bi4Te5 (rhombohedral to hexagonal) at 300 shock pulses. The optical property of Bi2Te3 was determined using UV-DRS and PL; the bandgap and PL intensity changed with respect to the number of shock pulses. A scanning electron microscope was used to analyze sample morphology. Our findings reveal the reversible phase transition of bismuth telluride from Bi2Te3 to Bi4Te5 under dynamic shock waves, something that has not been reported earlier. Using traditional synthesis methods, Bi4Te5 consume a lot of time, leading to impurities and problems of sample quality. Our results reveal that a rapid and reversible phase transition and unique response to dynamic shock waves will allow excellent technological applications without requiring lengthy and complex synthesis methods, offering enhanced stability and potential advancements in energy conversion devices. The process detailing how shock waves initiate the phase transition is explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report a conversion of the solid-state shape of an amino acid material, namely L -tyrosine, from irregular to rod shapes as a result of its processing of acoustic shock waves, and we explain the obtained results using the concepts of dynamic recrystallization. The initial L -tyrosine sample crystallizes in the P212121 space group with irregular shapes—but when subjected to shocks, transforms into essentially perfect rod shapes, especially when subjected to 200 shock pulses. From X-ray diffraction results, it is also found that the ratio of the intensity of the (130) peak to that of the (111) peak is significantly reduced from 3.183 to 1.298 upon subjecting the L -tyrosine sample to 200 shock pulses, with this latter value matching quite well that in the standard XRD pattern of the title sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of materials' stability based on the crystallographic structure by the enforced external impulsion of dynamic shock waves is now considered one of the most currently required investigations from the perspective of academic and technological sciences. While performing shock wave experiments on single- and polycrystalline materials, the results obtained are abrupt, so there is no a clear understanding of the changes occurring. In this context, the authors have demonstrated the crystallographic structural stability of polycrystal nickel sulfate-hexahydrate (NSH) [NiSO4.6H2O] under dynamic shock wave-exposed conditions, comparing the results to the previously reported single-crystal NiSO4.6H2O. The shock wave impact on the titled polycrystalline samples has been assessed by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, electronic spectral and magnetic properties. Based on the observed results, the test samples do not undergo any crystallographic structural transitions even at 100 shock pulses-loaded conditions, whereas the single crystal NiSO4.6H2O undergoes continuous phase transitions between the crystalline and amorphous states against the shock pulses of counts 1 to 8. Based on the systematic investigations of the obtained results, it is authenticated that the polycrystalline samples have higher structural stability than the single crystalline samples of NiSO4.6H2O. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the materials undergo phase transitions under shock-loaded conditions while a few of the materials experience lattice deformations. Such phase transitions and lattice deformations significantly affect the efficiency of the second harmonic generation of nonlinear optical materials. In the present context, we have undertaken the investigation of the powder samples of L-Valine (C5H11NO2) which is one of the efficient nonlinear optical materials. In order to assess the crystallographic phase stability under shock-loaded conditions, shock-exposed samples and the virgin sample were directed to undergo the process of characterizations by employing X-ray diffraction, optical spectroscopy and microscopic studies. Based on the above-mentioned analytical results, it is established that the title sample exhibits the behavior of high shock resistance and the observed diffraction results have been compared with the diffraction results of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) such that the outcomes could be substantiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even slight changes occurring in the lattice positions of solid materials enforced by the external forces may give rise to remarkable results in the crystallographic nature. The materials which undergo phase‐change without modifying their overall chemistry are the prominent candidates to be the driving forces for the applications involving phase transitions. In the present context, the authors present and demonstrate the switchable phase transition occurring between crystalline and amorphous nature of cadmium sulfate octahydrate single crystals (3CdSO4·8H2O) impacted by shock waves with which the transition is authenticated via diffraction, vibrational and optical spectroscopic techniques such as powder X‐ray diffractometry, Raman and UV‐Vis spectral analyses. Based on the results attained from diffraction and spectroscopic analyses, it is observed that the switchable phase transition sequence is crystalline–crystalline–amorphous–crystalline–crystalline with respect to the control, one, two, three, and four shock‐wave‐loaded conditions, respectively. Due to the outstanding switching behavior, the title material is strongly suggested for the applications of molecular switching and optical data storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Switchable nanostructured materials with a low-cost and fast processing have diverse practical applications in the modern electronic industries, but such materials are highly scarce. Hence, there is a great demand for identifying the externally stimulated solid-state switchable phase transition materials for several industrial applications. In this paper, we present the experimentally observed solid-state molecular level switchable phase transitions of nanocrystalline iron oxide materials: {α-Fe2O3 (R-3c) to Fe3O4 (Fd-3m) and Fe3O4 (Fd-3m) to α-Fe2O3 (R-3c)} under dynamic shock wave loaded conditions, and the results were evaluated by diffraction, and vibrational and optical spectroscopic techniques. To date, this is most probably the first report which demonstrates the simultaneous molecular and crystallographic switchable-phase-transitions enforced by dynamic shock waves such that the title material is proposed for sensors and molecular switching applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the authors demonstrate the experimental findings of the effect of dynamic shock waves on the crystallographic structural stability and the optical properties of l-tartaric acid (LTA) single crystal such that it has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and UV–Visible spectroscopic techniques. To start with, seven identical title crystals have been examined against different number of shock pulses such as 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21, respectively, and the optical transmittance spectra of the pristine and shock-wave-exposed crystal samples have been recorded. The pristine, 12th and 21st shocked samples have been subjected to the single-crystal diffraction study so as to confirm the crystallographic structural stability at shocked conditions. According to the outcome of the optical results, there is no change in the absorption edge positions whereas considerable changes are observed in optical transmittance due to the surface morphological changes. Single crystal XRD data show that the test crystal could retain its original P21 space group even at the 21st shock pulse-loaded condition, and hence, it is suggested that LTA crystal could be a good fit for the applications of micro-electronic device fabrications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, the crystallographic phase stability of the polycrystalline sample of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) crystal at dynamic shocked conditions is reported and the phase stability profile of this sample with respect to the number of shock pulses is drawn from the outcomes of the X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic results. Interestingly, the polycrystalline sample does not undergo any high‐temperature polymorphic phases even at 100 shocked conditions. Note that the single‐crystalline Na2SO4 sample does undergo the crystallographic phase transition at dynamic shocked conditions. Based on the overall observed data, the polycrystalline sample has high shock resistance compared to that of the single‐crystalline sample and the obtained results are discussed elaborately. In addition to that, the present work can provide a shadow of light on the flow stress occurring on materials due to the influence of shock waves with respect to their existing state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamic supersonic shock waves have a very fascinating property of inducing phase transitions in materials, as is evident from the present research work. Despite much experimental and theoretical research work that has been carried out over the past 100 years on shock waves, which has brought about significant contributions to understanding the irreversible phase transition behaviour of materials under shocked conditions, the concept of switchable phase transitions, especially from the crystalline to amorphous as a result of dynamic shock waves, is not clearly understood. In the present framework, the authors reveal and present the novel results of a switchable phase transition occurring between the crystalline (C) and amorphous (A) phases in a nickel sulfate hexahydrate single-crystal triggered by dynamic shock waves under ambient conditions, thereby following the sequence of C–C–A–C–A–C–A–C–A when the number of shock pulses is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, respectively. The observed results of the phase transition are convincingly reflected through diffraction, spectroscopic, and microscopic analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The promising prospects arising out of the phase transitions of materials under shock conditions are attracting great attention in emerging fields at the frontier of structural science. In this communication, a dynamic shock wave induced phase transition from crystalline to the amorphous state of lead nitrate crystals is reported and the discussion is based on the results obtained from diffraction, spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of static high-pressure compression on alkaline earth metal carbonate group of materials has been a long-standing research topic for the researchers of high-pressure and geology such that a tremendous amount of investigations have been conducted and found several interesting results particularly in the view point of crystallographic nature. But the research, undertaken so far, on the impact of dynamic shock waves on such carbonates group of materials remains to be very little. In the present article, barium carbonate (BaCO3) nanoparticles have been considered for the dynamic shock wave recovery experiments such that their structural performance against the impact of shock waves has been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopic and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) techniques. Interestingly, based on the observed analytical results, the title sample could retain its original crystal structure of Pmcn even at 200 shocked conditions achieved by shock waves of Mach number 2.2. Moreover, the title material shows higher shock resistance as compared to most of the familiar emerging materials of industrial prominence such as TiO2 and Co3O4 nanocrystalline materials. Due to the outstanding performance of the structural stability, BaCO3 can be a potential material for the manufacture of space electronic devices, optical glasses, electric condensers and aerospace vehicle pigment applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this communication, we report the switchable phase transition occurring between the crystalline (C) and amorphous (A) states of CuSO4·5H2O, influenced by dynamic shock waves, and the results have been evaluated by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic techniques. The present experimental findings could promote a paradigm shift in identifying new multifunctional switching materials influenced by impact of shock waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractBismuth selenide is a promising semiconductor for optoelectronics and energy conversion, including solar cells and aerospace applications. However, it degrades at high temperatures, affecting stability. According to the previous literature, we can solve this problem and easily tune under high pressure, but no reports are available for response against acoustic shock waves. To explore this, commercially available Bi2Se3 was purchased and tested under acoustic shock wave exposure. Bi2Se3 was subjected to 100, 200, 300, and 400 acoustic shock waves with 0.59 MPa transient pressure at 520 K temperature and 1.5 Mach number. Before and after shock-loaded Bi2Se3 samples were characterized using XRD, Raman, UV-DRS, PL, and FE- SEM and EDX. Under acoustic shock waves, Bi2Se3 exhibits increased crystallite size and reduced strain rate, promoting good thermal stability. It also shows a smaller bandgap and enhanced PL intensity, which ensures efficient solar cell operation. As a result, the material demonstrates improved thermal insulation and durability, which are crucial for stability and protection in extreme conditions for aerospace applications. These improvements make Bi2Se3 more suitable for solar cell and aerospace applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, according to the available sources obtained from a literature survey, shock-wave-induced switchable phase transitions are yet to be understood concretely as compared to irreversible phase transitions, which is probably due to a lack of understanding regarding the relationship existing between the crystal structure and shock pressure. In the present study, the switchable phase transition of sodium sulfate crystals has been formulated and demonstrated under shock conditions, and the observed switchable sequence of phase transitions is phase-V–V–III–V–V when the number of shock pulses is 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The above-mentioned switchable phase transition is categorically proven using diffraction, spectroscopic, and microscopic techniques, and the title material is suggested for use in switching molecules and sensor applications due to its higher shock sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As per the current trend in science and technology, the present strategic sectors which are focusing on the development of novel materials are continually relying very strongly on the materials science researchers who are in the forefront to fulfill the industrial requirements and expectations in terms of efficiency and stability for the materials. Based on their requirements, dissipation of the energy storage is one of the primary necessities rather than to increase the capacity of energy storage. Hence, it is imperative to find the potential materials to fulfill the requirements so that the journey of this search is still an ongoing process. The present investigation deals with the measurement of the ability of shock wave resistance for brookite TiO2 at dynamic shock wave-loaded conditions by utilizing diffraction and spectroscopic methods. Based on the assessments of the above-mentioned techniques, brookite phase remained stable even at 300 shocks indicating that the brookite phase is a highly stable phase, and it could be noted that anatase TiO2 has undergone rutile phase at shocked conditions. Hence, brookite TiO2 is considered as a high shock-resistant material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glycine phosphite single crystals were grown by employing the slow evaporation solution growth technique. Grown crystals were subjected to shock waves generated by a pressure-driven Reddy Tube. The (001) plane of the grown crystal was subjected to various numbers of shock pulses of Mach number 1.7 whereby its structural, optical, and morphological properties were investigated by using the powder X-ray diffractometer, ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectrometer, impedance analyzer, and optical microscope, respectively. The powder X-ray diffraction analysis confirms that the crystals have comparatively higher structural stability along the (001) direction. The observed UV-visible spectrum reveals a considerable increase in optical transmission when increasing the number of shock pulses. The band gap of the crystal is also found to have increased from 4.15 to 4.17 eV after the fifth shock-loaded condition. The dielectric behaviour of the crystal under shocked conditions is studied in the frequency range of 1 Hz to 1 MHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the invention of indoor tabletop shock tubes, studies on the impact of low-pressure acoustic shock waves on materials have been sufficiently conducted and found several spectacular phase transitions. However, the acoustic shock wave impact studies on minerals remain unexplored. The floodgates are to be opened by streamlining a systematic approach in bringing out a new era of spectacular findings as more and more minerals are involved in the investigation. Hence, in the present investigation, we have chosen one of the most prominent upper mantle earth minerals of α-Olivine (forsterite-Mg 2 SiO 4) single crystal for the ex-situ shock wave recovery experiment with 2.0 MPa transient pressure. Raman spectroscopic technique has been utilized to examine the crystallographic stability of the title mineral. The observed shock-wave impact results demonstrate that the forsterite remains to be in the crystallized state maintaining the same space group of P bnm, however, significant changes have been witnessed in the normalized intensity ratio of the characteristic doublet Raman peaks of the forsterite (asymmetry stretching SiO 4 (824 cm−1)/symmetry stretching SiO 4 (855 cm−1) such that the values are found to be 2.17, 2.27, 1.38, 0.51, and 2.43 against the number of shock pulses of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. It is to be noted that, we have found more pronounced changes in the doublet Raman peak intensity compared to the flat plate accelerator shock compression experiment on forsterite (Tielke et al., J. Geophys. Res. Planets (2022)) and the observed values are 0.8, 0.3, 0.6, 0.8 and 0.52 for 0, 21.3, 22.4, 38.9 and 41.8 GPa, respectively without undergoing any structural transitions towards the high-pressure phases. Based on the assessment of comparative results, tabletop shock-tubes can be strongly considered for mineralogical research to expand the current knowledge on the behaviors of the earth and space minerals under extreme-conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present research article, the acoustic shock wave-resistant efficiency of silica microparticles (SiO 2 -α-cristobalite)) has been experimentally evaluated in terms of structural, optical and morphological stability against the impact of shock waves. The required SiO 2 particles were synthesized by a hydrothermal method which was subjected to a different number of shock pulses such as 200,400 and 600 with Mach number 2.2. Shocked samples' structural, morphological and optical stabilities have been evaluated by utilizing a powder X-ray diffractometer (PXRD), Ultraviolet–Diffuse reflectance spectrometer (DRS) while the surface morphological analysis has been scrutinized by the field emission scanning electron microscopic technique (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy techniques are utilized to evaluate oxidation states and crystallographic structural stability. The above-mentioned analytical techniques provide convincing proofs whereby the synthesized SiO 2 particles are authentically proven to possess outstanding structural, optical and morphological stability against the impact of shock waves. The implicated experimental results and the arguments strongly suggest that the SiO 2 particles are suitable candidates for aerospace and defense industry applications due to their outstanding shock wave-resistant properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this context, we report the acoustic shock wave processing on amorphous Carbon quantum dots (a-CQD) such that its degree of graphitization and magnetic properties are analyzed. Analytical techniques such as the Raman spectrometer, high resonation–transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) are utilized to understand the structural, morphological and magnetic properties changes under shocked conditions. The Raman spectroscopic data reveal that the I D /I G ratio is slightly reduced under shocked conditions and the observed values are 0.78, 0.77 and 0.75 for the respective 0, 150 and 300 shocked conditions. The formation of ultra-short-range graphitic nanostructures is confirmed by HR-TEM results at the 300-shocked condition. The most convincing and supporting results for the enhancement of the degree of graphitization are found by the outcome of the magnetic properties such that the saturation magnetization (Ms) is found to be linearly reduced with respect to the number of shock pulses and the observed values are 0.869, 0.757 and 0.710 emu/g for the 0, 150 and 300 shocked conditions, respectively. The electrical resistance of the a-CQD is found to be linearly reduced with respect to the number of shock pulses due to the reduction of sp3 carbon networks. The formation of crystalline graphitic nanostructures in amorphous CQD is explained on the basis of the hot-spot nucleation mechanism. Based on the obtained Raman, HR-TEM and VSM results, during the shocked conditions, slight enhancement of the graphitization is observed; however, from the structural stability point of view, the Carbon dots have high shock resistance than that of the amorphous carbon nanoparticles, multi-wall carbon nanotubes, and reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles. Hence, the title quantum dots can be strongly considered for the applications of device fabrication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium borate (CdB₂O₄), an inorganic compound combining transition metals and non-metals, has a broad range of optical applications. In this study, CdB₂O₄ was subjected to acoustic transient pressure using a semi-automatic Reddy tube, with shock pulses applied at counts of 100, 200, 300, and 400 at a Mach number of 1.5, corresponding to a transient pressure of 0.59 MPa and a temperature of 520 K. Control and shock-treated samples were analyzed using XRD, Raman, FTIR, SEM, UV-DRS, and photoluminescence spectroscopy to investigate shock wave effects. The XRD analysis revealed peak disappearance, the formation of new peaks, increased crystallinity, and instability in crystallite size. Raman spectroscopy showed peak disappearance, shifts, and broadening of lattice modes. SEM indicated increased particle size and agglomeration under shock conditions, consistent with changes in crystallinity. UV-DRS analysis shows a slight change in their band gap. Photoluminescence exhibited fluctuating trends in luminescent properties after the shock treatment. The findings reveal that CdB₂O₄'s structural and optical properties are sensitive to acoustic pressure, suggesting its potential for tailored optical behavior in specific applications. These results enhance our understanding of how acoustic pressure affects CdB₂O₄ and open new possibilities for optimizing its use in high-pressure applications. [Display omitted] • CdB 2 O 4 was subjected to acoustic shock pulses at counts of 100, 200, 300, and 400 at a Mach number of 1.5, transient pressure of 0.59 MPa. • Shock pulses caused minor changes in CdB 2 O 4 's properties while preserving its structural stability. • CdB 2 O 4 's resilience to shock suggests its potential for high-pressure optical and electronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploration of the structural stability of the single and poly‐crystalline materials of solid‐state at high temperature and pressure is one of the basic research topics in the materials science branch. While the initial state of material undergoes change because of external factors, the functional properties of the material are usually significantly varied and hence, detailed investigations are highly required to better understand either change in properties or stability of materials with respect to their initial states. En route to this process, the crystallographic phase stability of sodium nitrate poly‐crystalline samples are studied at dynamic shocked conditions and the observed results are compared to the previously reported sodium nitrate single crystal. The structural stability profile of the test sample is assessed by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopic and optical spectroscopic techniques. Surface morphology features are obtained from the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) technique. The overall observation of the diffraction, spectroscopic and morphological analyses shows that the poly‐crystalline sodium nitrate sample has higher stability than that of the single crystal of sodium nitrate. The detailed interpretations are presented in the following sections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Shock wave induced chemical reaction from NaCl (B1) to Na3Cl2 is reported. • Shocked NaCl crystal has lower electrical conductivity than the control NaCl. • Cubic to butterfly wing morphology is found at shocked conditions. • The correlation between structure and electrical properties is discussed. Herein, we report the catalytic-free acoustic shock wave-induced synthesis of the non-stoichiometry compound of sodium chloride (Na 3 Cl 2 - P 4/m) from the stoichiometry NaCl (B1). The shocked NaCl crystal structure is formed as a mixed phase together with the NaCl (B1) and (Na 3 Cl 2 - P 4/m) thereby the formation of non-stoichiometry compound of Na 3 Cl 2 is confirmed by the diffraction, vibrational, spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study reveals the positive energy shift of Na 1 s peak which confirms the formation of higher coordination number Na 3 Cl 2 (six to eight) such that it can be considered as Na rich structure. The typical cubic morphology has changed into butterfly wing structure under shocked conditions which is found to be novel, to date. Due to the formation of Na-rich crystal structure, the electrical properties of the shocked crystal are greatly altered. The maximum values of the real part of the impedance of the control and shocked crystals are 1.9 × 107 ohm and 1.0 × 107 ohm, respectively at the lower frequency regions. The present study offers a new platform to synthesize the stable non-stoichiometry NaCl structures under ambient conditions by low pressure acoustic shock waves which could bring about new understanding and implications on NaCl crystals and their applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present article, we disclose shock wave induced crystallographic switchable phase transition of calcium carbonate nano particles (CaCO 3 NPs). The observed profiles of powder X-ray diffraction reveal that CaCO 3 NPs undergoes phase transitions in the sequential order from Calcite-I to Calcite-II and Calcite-II to Calcite-III at 50 and 100 shocks, respectively. Interestingly, reversible phase transitions have been observed from Calcite-III to Calcite-II and Calcite-II to Calcite-I at 150 and 200 shocked conditions, respectively. Rotational order-disorder of oxy-anions (CO 3) and displacement of cation (Ca) take place because of the impact of shock waves thereby the observed ternary switchable phase transition results paving the way for the design of new multifunctional materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid progress has been documented during the last couple of years in understanding the crystallographic structural features of a few functional materials that have been achieved under dynamic shock wave loaded conditions. In this context, we report the crystallographic and electronic phase stability of shock wave loaded Cerium oxide nano-crystalline (CeO 2 NPs) material and the results have been evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and ultra-violet diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS). XRD and Raman spectroscopic results show that the title material doesn't undergo any crystallographic phase transitions. UV-DRS spectral results demonstrate that the Ce4+ ionic state is not affected by the impact of shock waves. The obtained FE-SEM micrographs provide the substantiation for the stability of the sample. Based on the observed results, the title material can be suggested for the making of medical glassware, spaceship windows and technological applications of coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Crystallographic phase stability of L-alanine at shocked conditions is reported. • Structure—chirality property relationship of the test sample is discussed. • The titled materials can be potential candidate for the device applications. • Shock wave physics can be an alternative technique to find the stable materials. Over the years, crystallographic phase transitions of the polar and non-polar amino acids under static high-pressure-temperature conditions have been well documented, especially after the development of the diamond anvil cell techniques. In contrast, the crystallographic structural science of such primary amino acids under dynamic shocked conditions is still to be explored substantially as it is in a premature stage which requires being loaded with a few possible deep insights whereby exploring the structural kinetics could be a reality. In the present context, we have performed the acoustic shock wave recovery experiment on non-polar amino acid of L-Alanine powder samples such that X-ray diffraction (XRD) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic techniques have been enabled to investigate the structural and chiral stability under shocked conditions. Based on the observed results, it is observed that the crystallographic structure with the P 2 1 2 1 2 1 space group and the same chirality is maintained even at the 200-shocked condition with a transient pressure of 2.0 MPa. The observed dynamic shock wave loading structural stability outcome is identified to be well-matched with the previous static high-pressure compression results. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly efficient switchable materials for external stimuli have impressive applications in the development of precious sensor devices. However, most of the materials do not possess effective switchable structural features such that finding potential switchable materials is one of the critical research tasks for materials science researchers. In the present research perspective, we demonstrate successive switchable phase transitions occurring between the order to disorder states in the ferroelectric triglycine sulphate (TGS) single crystal along the (011) plane with respect to the number of shock pulses (0,1 and 2 counts) and the observed results are evaluated by the diffraction, spectroscopic, microscopic and thermal approaches. The observed switchable phase transitions occur due to the shock wave-induced inter-conversion of planar configuration to the non-planar configuration of Glycine molecules, particularly GII and GIII. The ratio of the normalized Raman bands Sym-CH 2 /Asym-CH 2 is found to be 2.0 and 2.5 for the respective order to disorder states such that these values are identified to be well-matched with the literature reports. In addition to that, the SEM images authenticate that, during the amorphous to crystalline phase transitions, the appearance of well-defined (011) plane on the surface is ensured due to the dynamic recrystallization. To the best of our knowledge, to date, it is probably the first report for the phase switching of order to disorder states of TGS sample by the impact of acoustical shock waves and because of its efficient switchability, it can be strongly suggested for the application of molecular switches. High efficient switchable materials with respect to external stimuli have impressive applications in the development of precious sensor devices. However, most of the materials do not possess effective switchable structural features such that finding potential switchable materials is one of the critical research tasks for materials science researchers. In the present research perspective, we demonstrate successive switchable phase transitions occurring between the order to disorder states in the ferroelectric triglycine sulphate (TGS) single crystal along the (011) plane with respect to the number of shock pulses (0,1 and 2 counts) and the observed results are evaluated by the diffraction, spectroscopic, microscopic and thermal approaches. The observed switchable phase transitions occur due to the shock wave-induced inter-conversion of planer configuration to the non-planer configuration of Glycine molecules, particularly GII and GIII. The ratio of the normalized Raman bands Sym-CH 2 /Asym-CH 2 is found to be 2.0 and 2.5 for the respective order to disorder states such that these values are identified to be well-matched with the literature reports. In addition to that, the SEM images authenticate that, during the amorphous to crystalline phase transitions, the appearance of well-defined (011) planes on the surface are ensured due to the dynamic-Recrystallization. To the best of our knowledge, to date, it is probably the first report for the phase switching of order to disorder states of TGS sample by the impact of acoustical shock waves and because of its efficient switchability, it can be strongly suggested for the application of molecular switches. [Display omitted] • Crystallographically switchable order–disorder phase transition of the TGS crystal by shock waves is reported. • The said phase transition is evaluated by diffraction, spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. • The title crystal is suggested to thermo sensitive devices and molecular switching applications. • The present manuscript can provide new insights on the material properties at extreme conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Shock wave-induced reversible non-magnetic to the magnetic transition of CeO 2 NPs is reported. • The enhancement of Ce3+ ions is majorly responsible for the magnetic state of CeO 2. • The above-mentioned magnetic transition is explained by the spin-split band approach. • The title material is suggested for the spintronics devices and magnetic sensors. In the present framework, we report a reversible magnetic phase transition that occurs from a mixed diamagnetic (nonmagnetic) state to a weak ferromagnetic (magnetic) state exhibited by cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO 2 NPs) under shocked conditions wherein the magnetic phase transitions are observed to be switchable phase transitions of mixed diamagnetic - weak ferromagnetic - mixed diamagnetic - weak ferromagnetic for the respective shock pulses of 0, 50, 100 and 150, which is probably reported for the first time, and the observed values of the saturation magnetization are 0.9117, 0.1022, 0.8783 and 3.7780 emu/g, respectively. The possible reasons behind the observed reversible magnetic phase transition are proposed by the outcomes attained from the spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Based on the obtained analytical results, it is confirmed that the observed room temperature weak ferromagnetism is because of the enhancement of Ce3+ ions (reduction of Ce4+ ions) and oxygen vacancies such that the title material is suggested for the applications of magnetic sensors. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the years, a wide range of spectral research has been carried out on various carbon forms to explore deeply their structure-property relationship. The structural stability of carbon allotropies remains to be a challenging endeavor yet to be achieved under extreme conditions, especially under acoustical shocked conditions. From the experimental findings, we report the acoustic shock wave response of the amorphous carbon nanoparticles and the resultant degree of crystalline nature, morphological characteristics and magnetic response. Moreover, analytical techniques such as X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Raman spectrometer, High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and vibrational sample magnetometer (VSM) have been employed to arrive at the relationships of structure – morphology – magnetic properties under shocked conditions. Interestingly, under shocked conditions (0, 250, 500 and 750 shocks), compelling evidence has been found for the short-range amorphous pockets which turn into spatially short-range ordered graphitic domains within the sphere-shaped amorphous nanoparticles whereby the obtained values of the ratio I D /I G of the samples are 0.94, 0.93, 0.95 and 1.01 for 0, 250, 500 and 750 shocked conditions, respectively. Moreover, the saturation magnetization is found to have reduced in the base of the local atomic ordering and the obtained values are found to be 1, 0.64, 0.41, 0.725 emu/g for 0, 250, 500 and 750 shocked conditions, respectively. The structure-property relationship is to be elaborated in the upcoming sections. [Display omitted] • Shock wave induced amorphous carbon to short-range ordered graphitic domains is reported. • The I D /I G intensity ratio of the samples is 0.94, 0.93, 0.95 and 1.01 for 0, 250, 500 and 750 shocked conditions. • The saturation magnetization values are 1, 0.64, 0.41 and 0.725 for 0, 250, 500 and 750 shocked conditions. • The correlation of the magnetic properties and degree of crystalline nature is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Crystallographic phase stability of the poly-crystalline α-Glycine is reported at shocked conditions. • The results found that the α-Glycine is highly stable phase at shocked conditions. • It can be suitable for high temperature and high pressure device applications. High pressure experimental studies on amino acids have gained incredible attention over the past few years in variety of research areas such as materials science, geophysics, pharmaceutical sciences, and cosmo-chemistry. On en-route to the current experimental work, one of the elegant amino acid samples of α-Glycine is preferred in order to reveal its nature of crystallographic phase stability as and when exposed to dynamic shock waves thereby subjecting it to diffraction and microscopic analyses. Considering the observed results from the various analytical techniques, it is authenticated that the title sample does not undergo any kind of structural transition under shock wave exposed situations. On the other hand, the test sample has generated a few new shoulder peaks and diffraction peaks under shocked conditions. The outcome of the attained phase stability is well substantiated by the previous static high-pressure reports. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Tuning of lower to higher crystalline nature of β-L-Glutamic acid is reported by shock waves. • Shock wave induced dynamic re-crystallization has been found and discussed. • Shock waves provide the alternative way to explore the new structural materials. Understanding the crystallographic phase stability and solid – state new phases as well as their functions of materials under shock wave loaded conditions always generate a great deal of special enthusiasm among the researchers due to the emergence of lots of known and unknown behaviors of materials. Hence, such kind of shock recovery experiments is becoming one of the most promising research areas in materials science branch. In the present course of work, we have made systematic investigation for the assessment of crystallographic phase stability of β-L-Glutamic acid crystal under shocked conditions employing X-ray diffraction technique. From the diffraction measurements, it has been observed that the test materials turn from a lower crystalline nature to a higher crystalline nature due to the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization and reduction of structural complexity of the title material. Based on the diffraction assessments, it is confirmed that the test sample has not undergone any crystallographic phase changes even though it has several polymorphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Crystallographic phase stability of the poly-crystalline and single crystalline lithium sulfate monohydrate at shocked conditions is reported. • XRD and raman results show the stable crystal structure of poly-crystalline samples than that of the single crystalline samples at shocked conditions. • Poly-crystalline nickel sulfate hexahydrate sample has relatively high structural stability and shock resistance compared to the single crystal. In the present work, we demonstrate the interesting findings of shock wave recovery experiment conducted on poly-crystalline lithium sulfate monohydrate crystals (Li 2 SO 4.H 2 O) under 50 and 100 shock pulses loaded conditions and the obtained results are compared to the obtained results of single crystal Li 2 SO 4.H 2 O. The poly-crystalline Li 2 SO 4.H 2 O samples neither undergo any crystallographic phase transitions nor shock wave assisted dehydration. But, the attained diffraction and Raman results indicate that, at shock loaded conditions, lots of structural deformation and distortions occur in the mother crystal structure by the impact of shock waves. Also, at shocked conditions, the super-paramagnetic state of Li 2 SO 4.H 2 O is significantly affected and remarkable reduction (10–1 to 10–7) of the saturation magnetization is found. Note that, in the case of single crystalline Li 2 SO 4.H 2 O, the disordered crystal structure has been witnessed for shock loaded samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientists of shock wave research have been continuously contributing with a great deal of significant effort so as to carry forward the tempo in achieving much more applications of shock waves in the branch of solid state sciences. In the present framework, the evaluation of the structural phase-stability and morphological stability of lithium sulfate doped l -Threonine powder samples have been performed under shock wave exposed conditions and the results have been evaluated by diffraction and microscopic techniques. Based on the observed crystallographical results, it is authenticated that the title specimen retains the original crystal system (P 2 1 2 1 2 1) with a few internal changes such as new peak appearance and disappearance of existing peaks that are observed due to the occurrence of micro-distortions and re-organization of hydrogen bond networks as well as rotational order-disorder of the lithium sulfate under shock loaded conditions. SEM micrographs clearly demonstrate the formation of cracks and breaking of particlesundershocked conditions. • Crystallographic phase stability of the poly-crystalline lithium sulfate doped L-Threonine under dynamic shock wave exposed conditions is reported. • XRD results shows that no crystallographic structural changes occurred by the impact of shock waves. • Li2SO4 doped L-Threonine can be considered the right candidate for device fabrications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The journey of exploring the acoustical shock wave-induced solid state phase transitions on polymorphic and allotropy materials have gained enormous momentum in recent years after the invention of the tabletop Reddy tube, but, the knowledge of shock wave-induced phase transitions on allotropy materials is very limited in comparison to the polymorphic materials. Hence, in this framework, we report the shock wave-induced transitions based on the reduction of the amorphous carbon clusters in the highly disordered and reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles (rGO NPs) [rGO — is also called as modified graphene]. The reduction of the disordered carbon in the rGO NPs under shocked conditions is examined by the techniques such as X-ray diffractometry and Raman spectrometer. X-ray crystallographic studies clearly present that as the shock pulses are increased, the intensity of the (002) peak is increased for which the authentication is observed by the Raman spectral analyses wherein it is clearly indicated the decrement and increment of the D and G bands against the exposure of the shock pulses thereby the I D /I G ratios are found to be 1.24, 1.17, 1 and 0.927 for 0, 100, 200 and 400 shocks, respectively. According to the Raman spectral results, the area of the amorphous Raman peak is reduced against the shock pulses such that the values are 98, 82, 81 and 48 for the 0, 100, 200 and 400 shocks, respectively. The removal of amorphous carbon clusters in the rGO NPs can be explained on the basis of the conversion of sp3 to sp2 hybridizations based on the shock wave induced hot-spot nucleation mechanism. [Display omitted] • Shock wave induced enhancement of degree of crystalline nature of rGO NPs is reported. • ID/IG ratios are found to be 1.24, 1.17, 1 and 0.927 for 0, 100, 200 and 400 shocks. • The correlation of the magnetic properties and degree of crystalline nature is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on the dynamic shock impact on solids also provide a magnificent scope of understating the stability of materials that are needed for high-pressure applications. Based on the impending investigations arising out of the observed experimental results of the shock-wave impact on solids, it is very much revealed that the impact of shock waves on molecular crystals is not yet well understood; especially amino acid crystals. Hence the present work deals with the assessment of crystallographic phase stability of l -Asparagine monohydrate (C 4 H 8 N 2 O 3 ·H 2 O) amino acid powder samples against shocked-conditions and the results have been analyzed by X-ray powder diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy. The results of XRD and SEM reveal that the mother crystallographic phase of the title sample has significantly changed without inducing any crystallographic phase-transition and the observed structural modifications are discussed on the basis of previous publications reported on the static high-pressure study on the title sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the functional materials fail to maintain their crystallographic sustainability at high-temperature and high-pressure conditions so that identifying materials of high stability in such atmosphere is essential for the actual requirement of the practical applications. In this framework, the shock wave recovery experiments have been performed on α -V 2 O 5 to assess its crystallographic, electronic and magnetic phase stabilities with respect to the number of shock pulses such as 0, 50, 100 and 150 such that the results of phase stability have been evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Vibrational spectroscopy (Raman), optical spectroscopy (UV-DRS) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The observed shocked sample's diffraction and spectroscopic results clearly demonstrate the formation of defective crystal structures with massive oxygen vacancies. Remarkably, the orange sample is turned into yellow while increasing the number of shock pulses. FE-SEM images show the significant changes in the surface morphology, particularly at 150 shocked conditions. In addition to that, the electrochemical analysis has been performed to extract the role on surface morphological changes and oxygen vacancies in the electrochemical properties such as electrical resistance and specific capacitance such that we find a rapid enhancement of specific capacitance at 150 shocked conditions than that of the control and other shocked conditions. Hence, we could suggest that shocked-V 2 O 5 NPs can be effectively used for energy storage applications. • Crystallographic and magnetic phase stabilities of α-V 2 O 5 NPs are reported. • Orange sample is turned into the yellow while increasing the number of shock pulses. • Rapid enhancement of specific capacitance of the α-V 2 O 5 NPs at 150 shocked conditions. • Shocked α-V 2 O 5 NPs can be effectively used for energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we report the reversible disorder-order type structural phase transition of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) bulk single crystal at dynamic shock pulses loaded conditions and the core results of the disorder-order type structural phase transitions have been authenticated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopic results. In order to have further substantiation, we have also performed optical spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. As per the obtained data from the XRD, Raman and microscopic results, the control KDP crystal has the disordered type tetragonal structure whereas, at the 1st shocked condition, we observe a completely ordered tetragonal structure. Surprisingly, at the 2nd shocked condition, the disordered tetragonal structure has been retrieved. To the best of our knowledge, to date, this kind of reversible disorder-order type phase transition may be the first report on the research findings of KDP crystal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we present the shock wave induced reversible phase transition from crystalline to semi-crystalline states of lithium sulfate monohydrate (Li 2 SO 4 •H 2 O) that has been evaluated by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopic techniques and the observed reversible phase transition sequence is P 2 1 – P 2 1 – P 2 1 -disordered P 2 1 – P 2 1 – P 2 1 – P 2 1 for the number of shock pulses of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively. The obtained reversible phase transitions are due to the chemical disorder, orientational effect and rotational disorder of SO 4 units induced in the title crystal. Materials of reversible phase transitions influenced by external stimuli are highly deserved for the applications of molecular switches and dielectric switches. [Display omitted] • Reversible phase transition from Crystalline to Semi-Crystalline state of LAM crystal by shock waves is reported. • The said phase transition is evaluated by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic techniques. • The title crystal is suggested molecular switching applications due to the switchable phase transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the investigation of the effect of shock waves on crystalline materials has emerged as a prolific research area in materials science branch. The impact of shock waves on K 2 SO 4 was investigated such that the molecular and structural stabilities under pre and post-shock wave loaded conditions at Mach number 2.2 with 50 and 100 shocks were established. Molecular stability of the test samples has been identified making use of FTIR spectrometer and the structural stability of the samples has been investigated by a Powder X-ray diffractometer (PXRD) which reveals that shock waves induce lattice orientational changes and micro distortions but, the original crystal system is not affected. The above-mentioned crystallographic studies show the impressive physical properties of K 2 SO 4 which also has a stable crystal structure under shock wave loaded conditions. A comparison of single and poly-crystalline structural responses has been made with respect to the number of shock pulses. The fascinating findings of the shock wave impacts on K 2 SO 4 samples are clearly discussed in this article. • Crystallographic phase stability of the poly-crystalline and single crystalline K 2 SO 4 at shocked conditions is reported. • FT-IR and XRD results show the stable crystal structure of poly-crystalline samples at shocked conditions. • Poly-crystalline K 2 SO 4 sample has relatively high structural stability and shock resistance compared to the single crystal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]