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We consider the problem of coordination via signaling in network congestion games to improve social welfare deteriorated by incomplete information about traffic flow. Traditional studies on signaling, which focus on exogenous factors of congestion and ignore congestion externalities, fail to discuss the oscillations of traffic flow. To address this gap, we formulate a problem of designing a coordination signal on endogenous information about traffic flow and introduce a self-fulfilling characteristic of a signal that guarantees an outcome flow consistent with the signal itself without causing the unwanted oscillation. An instance of the self-fulfilling signal is shown in the case of a Gaussian signal distribution. In addition, we show simple numerical examples. The results reveal how a self-fulfilling signal suppresses the oscillation and simultaneously improves social welfare through improved network efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a well-known fact that the light input to an image sensor is often out of its dynamic range under the strong light conditions of halation. In this case, the sensor cannot output any information. Therefore, various countermeasures have been proposed for sensor devices and signal processing. These countermeasures increase the dynamic range using additional components and/or computations, which increase the system cost. In this paper, we propose a simple alternative method of just adding noise. Inspired by the concept of supra-threshold stochastic resonance, which is often discussed in the context of nonlinear physics, a fluctuation in sensor response is introduced in the proposed method. We analytically describe the mechanism by which the dynamic range is increased, which is intuitively understandable and can be used in practical image sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The phenomenon whereby the response to a weak low-frequency input signal is maximized in an oscillatory system with additional high-frequency input signals of appropriate amplitude is known as vibrational resonance (VR). In this study, the occurrence of VR in over-damped systems is analytically and numerically explained in the framework of linear response theory. The origin of the large response of VR is shown to be the dynamical bifurcation caused by tuning the input signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]