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Mulberry silkworm is a monophagous insect, so the only way to improve the silk industry is the enrichment of mulberry leaves with supplementary nutrients. In this investigation mulberry leaves treated with algal probiotics (Spirulina plantalis and Azolla Pinnata) with different concentrations (1, 2, and 3%) from 4th larval instar till spinning to study the impact of these supplements on some biological parameters (larval weight (g.), growth rate%, longevity (hr.) and fecundity (no.)), economical parameters (cocoon weight (g.), cocoon shell weight (g.), shell ratio%, and pupa weight(g.)) and biochemical parameters ( total protein, protease, amylase, and invertase). The obtained results indicate that all types of probiotics with different concentrations have a positive impact on all parameters under study but the most effective one was azolla 2% that affect positively on the fecundity of females and the shell ratio % of males reduced feeding days in the 5th larval stage that is a very important economical factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite rapid economic growth, income inequality between rural and urban areas remains an important social issue in Thailand. In 2020, the disparity between the Northeast region, which has the lowest GRP per capita, and the East region, which has the highest GRP per capita, was approximately 5.05 times. Northeast Thailand is an agricultural area and is famous for silk production. According to the Queen Sirikit Department of Sericulture, in 2017 sericulture silk yarn production in the Northeast region was 520 metric tons and engaged 82,071 households (or approximately 80% of all households in the region). Improving the silk industry in the Northeast is essential for economic development in this region. Obtaining certifications that guarantee quality is considered one effective way to increase farmers' income. Hence, this study aimed to clarify the factors that play a role in obtaining certification and the impact of obtaining certification on farmers' profits from silk weaving. We examined the case of farmers in Khon Kaen province in Northeast Thailand and focused on four certifications: Organic Thailand, Geographical Indication (GI), OTOP, and Peacock. We conducted both quantitative and qualitative analyses based on the primary data collected through in-person interviews with 103 farmers from October to November 2022. The results showed that the important factors affecting profits from silk weaving are design, the type of dyestuffs, and the ability to access markets where products fetch high prices. To identify the key factors to obtain certification, we used logistic regression, and to evaluate the impact of the certifications, we conducted a two-sample t-test. Statistical analysis results revealed that joining a farmers' community and the number of processes involved in sericulture are two important factors in obtaining certifications and that farmers who have certifications tend to earn more income compared to non-certificated farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability of a country or an area to prosper economically is largely depend on entrepreneurship, especially in light of the current unemployment crisis and anticipated technological advancements. The most important issues in the growth of entrepreneurship are not just how to offer chances to entrepreneurs, but also how to provide them substantial support so they may achieve greater success. To this, cultivating mulberry plants, production of disease-free layings, raising of young (chawki) and late-age silkworms for cocoon production, reeling of cocoons (silk reeling) for yarn production, throwing (spinning, warp, and weft production), wet processing (dyeing and printing), weaving (fabric production), modern (computer-aided) and traditional (textile designing) textile marketing and so on are just a few of the varied range of activities that make up the Indian silk industry. Additionally, sericulture products and by-products have become more significant in the biotechnological, pharmaceutical, and biomedical industries, in recent years, for the creation of high-value new goods. Therefore, there is a great deal of opportunity for successful business in the sericulture and seribiotechnology sectors to grow. These opportunities help young people and unemployed women to become successful business owners who both support the workforce and work for themselves. This can help address the issues of unemployment standards and in India’s rural and urban areas as well as elevate socioeconomic levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ancient Yunnan was one of the most significant regions along China's ancient "Southern Silk Road." During the Nanzhao period (738-902) of the late Tang Dynasty, Yunnan's silk-weaving industry underwent a qualitative leap as skilled silk craftsmen from the Bashu area migrated to Yunnan and introduced mulberry planting, silkworm breeding, and advanced silk-weaving techniques from Sichuan to the region. Consequently, people in Yunnan gradually acquired expertise in brocade weaving and embroidery. Many even mastered complex silk-weaving techniques. The development and progress of the silk-weaving industry in the ancient Yunnan region were intricately linked to the economic function and value of silk as both a commodity and currency along the "Southern Silk Road." The local government in ancient Yunnan was greatly motivated by the economic interests brought by the development of silk-related industries and recognized the significance of developing the local silk industry. They even initiated a campaign to capture skilled silk craftsmen from Sichuan, aiming to foster the growth of the silk-weaving industry in Yunnan. After years of dedicated efforts from the local government in ancient Yunnan, the region emerged as a significant hub for silk production along China's ancient "Southern Silk Road." Despite the devastation caused by the wars in other parts of the country, Yunnan's silk industry continued to thrive and provide ample silk products to sustain trade along this renowned route. In the contemporary era, amidst the decline of the silk-weaving industry in eastern China, Yunnan has proposed an industrial development strategy known as "relocating the silk-weaving industry from east to west." This involves introducing advanced silk production techniques from the eastern regions into Yunnan to enhance and enrich its local silk industry, thereby establishing it as a traditional national sector and securing a competitive position within the global silk market. The historical experience of Yunnan's silk industry demonstrated that economic development opportunities can only be seized through proactive endeavors rather than passive anticipation. The modern Yunnan silk industry, which upholds its historical traditions, continues to actively engage in international high-end technical cooperation, thus ensuring the enduring vitality of the ancient "Southern Silk Road". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was attemped to analyse the growth trend and forecast of tasar raw silk production for the period 1951-2018. The Compound growth rate was calculated for different plan period from 2002 onwards. The data were collected from various secondary sources and analysed using suitable statistical tools and techniques to study the performance of tasar silk industry at different point of time after validation. The compound growth rate for tasar raw silk production for the period 1951-2019 and 2009-19 were recorded 4.6 and 14.10 percent. As per plan wise analysis, highest CGR was recorded in 11th plan period in comparison to others. Based on the assumptions and suitable model parameter estimates, Holt's Linear Exponential model was found selected for future forecast of raw silk production. The forecast of tasar silk production for the year 2019-30 would be 7031 MT which may change in respect of different time frame. The finding of this study will be helpful for government policy makers, exportsrs, producers and importing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the seventeenth century crisis, China witnessed the decline and fall of the Ming dynasty. Scholars have long discussed the role of silver in the Ming crisis, but less attention has been paid to the effects of the production and circulation of silk. This paper examines both internal and external factors that contributed to the decline of Chinese sericulture and silk production, as well as consequent damages to the economy and social relations. Converging environmental and economic factors within major silk-producing regions, as well as a number of incidents that affected the Pacific trade of silk, exacerbated the problems of the late Ming. This paper applies the Law of Supplies and Demands to analyse interconnections between China, Manila, and New Spain. An understanding of the silk industry is essential to explain significant economic connections both within Ming China and between China and the outside world during the seventeenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

West Bengal Sericulture and rural areas are facing multiple socio-economic changes, including a transition from an agriculture-based to a service-based economy. This restructuring forces agricultural and rural sector-networks to reformulate their (self-) definitions. Farming is an important and key factor for the economy of developing countries. Since last several years, farmers once again welcomed many traditional farming systems to get crop yield for completion of food requirement. Although, traditional techniques are not much sufficient in new agriculture world because farming is getting new challenges from biotic and abiotic factors. New techniques and systems are getting popularity in present farming because of their important benefits which can solve all challenges on farming. Sericulture is a short gestation period labour intensive enterprise which can go a long way in promoting inclusive growth and alleviating poverty in rural areas. However, sericulture industry development in the state has been inactivated with a rapid change of its political and economic system and a large portion of sericulture farmers has consequently given up cocoon production activities thus to lose their job opportunities and income resources. The review paper indicates the current scenario, identifies the state’s existing potential and constraints and suggests future planning for the development of sericulture & silk industry in the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the scientific literature, sericulture is the science with its focus on the silkworm rearing process, as well as the processing of silk and silk derived products. As a rural economic activity, sericulture is being usually, at small scale, being given a cottage industry character. The main goal of the current paper is to assess the potential of the Romanian silk value chain trough the point of view given by the value chain analysis perspective. Main elements used in the current research are represented by the comparative analysis of the values of imports, exports, trade balance and national production of silk and silk derived products in the following period of 2001-2018. The study will help highlight the potential for development within the sericulture national value chain highlighting the entry points in the value chain and identifying new internal and external markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. is an economic insect that has great importance on cocoon and silk production. The development of sericultural industry depends on quality and yield in terms of qualitative and quantitative silkworm characters. Mature larval weight and silk gland mass are important factors in silkworm breeding. Silk gland mass has significant impact on the synthesis of silk protein in fifth larval stage. The investigation was conducted to evaluate the correlations between silk gland mass and mature larva weight of M and ZF (China), and N and ZB (Japan) lines and their hybrids MxN, ZFxZB. In this research, silkworm lines and hybrids were reared at the laboratory with 600 silkworm larvae for each four lines and their hybrids to determine these silkworm traits. Analysis of variance indicated that the mean values in Chinese lines and hybrids were found to be significant (P<0.01) for mature larva weight. On the other hand, mean value of silk gland mass was determined as important for Chinese, Japanese lines and hybrids (P<0.01). Both mature larva weight and silk gland mass have positive correlation in Chinese lines (r=0.659) and hybrids (r=0.643) (P<0.01). Otherwise, the correlation between these characters were not found to be significant for Japanese lines. As a result, it is necessary to search the correlation between different characters and to protect the genetic diversity in silkworm lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Murshidabad is the second largest traditional silk producing district in West Bengal, which bears a golden legacy of producing superlative silk in India since seventeenth century. Kassimbazar was one of the major hubs of silk purchase for the British silk merchants. The industry went into great decline as the Industrial Revolution in West set in. In the post Independence period attempts were made to revive this home-based artisanal industry in India to expand employment and income opportunities in the rural economy. However, during 2002-2012, there was an exodus of more than 23 thousand silk farmers and 10 thousand silk weavers from the industry. This paper delves into issues related with income determinants of the household silk industry in Murshidabad. The primary data analysis exposes that 'language efficiency', 'number of family members', 'ownership of bicycle/motorbike and television', 'male labour force' and 'women autonomy' are positively influencing the income of the silk producing households, while the significant factors which inversely influences the level of annual income of the silk producing households are 'age of the household head', 'female workers', 'cost of production', 'male family members', 'morbidity of female' and 'expenditure autonomy of female in the family'. The government should adopt pro-active measures like subsidizing the cost of silk weavers, revamp the health insurance scheme of the silk manufacturing women and increase the language efficiency to enhance the silk manufacturers' income earning capacity. The government should also raise the level of sanitation facility of the silk reelers and weavers and communication goods like bicycle, television to be provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sericulture is an industry with a long tradition in Romania, with a good development throughout the XIX-XXth century, and, despite facing adversities, it still presents a great economic and technological potential for revival. The main objective of this article is to analyze the potential of the sericulture industry trough added value chain analysis, including sectorial analysis, constrain factor analysis and development directions. The research will use both quantitative and qualitative methods for data analysis, which is represented by statistical data from International Trade Center (ITC), EUROSTAT (Statistical Office of the European Union) and INS (International Institute of Statistics), obtained through and published scientific literature. The analysis concluded that, form an added value chain point of view, sericulture industry is facing constrains in most of its sector, from mulberry cultivation and silkworm egg production, to cocoon production and reeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mulberry is a very useful tree in so many aspects and it is often referred to as Kalpavruksha, meaning wish-fulfilling divine tree in Hindu mythology. The leaves of mulberry lay the foundation for sericulture/silk industry. The mulberry leaves, fruits, bark and roots have rich health benefits. While the fruits are used for making wine and jam, the bark is used for making animal fodder, poultry feed, etc. They are also useful for making natural dyes for textiles. Apart from using the wood as fuel it is also used for making small carvings and toys. The present paper presents some of the features of mulberry wood and its product diversification possibilities with a value addition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presently the Indian silk industry requires huge quantity of superior grade raw silk consistently for the production of varieties of silk fabrics. In order to meet this demand, the Central Silk Board is promoting the production of bivoltine silk in India. To achieve this requirement, the Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute (CSRTI), Mysuru has developed improved CSR race hybrid cocoons and double hybrid cocoons to promote bivoltine sericulture and simultaneously the Central Silk Technological Research Institute (CSTRI), Bengaluru has established a number of multi-end reeling units and automatic reeling units to convert these quality bivoltine cocoons into superior grade bivoltine raw silk. Automatic Silk Reeling Technology is more suitable to reel bulk quantities of cocoons and to produce superior grade raw silk in large scale. In order to introduce high end reeling machineries in India, CSTRI, Central Silk Board in association with Departments of Sericulture of different states have established a number of Automatic Silk Reeling Filatures in Southern states of India under Catalytic Development Programme (CDP) schemes. The present study was conducted to analyze the performance of bivoltine cocoons being produced and the quality characteristics of raw silk produced from five automatic silk reeling filatures of 400 ends capacity in Karnataka, during the years 2013-14, 2014-15 and 2015-16. The raw silk produced from these filatures are analyzed for quality, by testing randomly 25 selected silk skeins per lot and two lots per filature per month at SCTH, Bengaluru following ISA test procedures during the period understudy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an overview of the growth of the Kanchipuram silk industry in India. The topics discussed include the country's glorious silk history and tradition, the silk production process, and how Kanchipuram saree is different from the other kinds of saree. Moreover, it also how Kanchipuram sarees are marketed through the co-operative societies.

The article focuses on the India-based silk industry and on the different types of silk produced in the region including Tasar silk, Muga silk and Eri silk. It mentions of Sericulture is the cultivation of silk through rearing of silkworm which involves various steps including raising of food plants for silkworm, rearing of silkworm for production of cocoons. As mentioned, Eri silk fibre is finer than Muga and Tasar but coarser than Mulberry, and is the softest and warmest among all silks.

The city of Bursa has been one of the major centers in Anatolia in terms of the textile and raw material of textile yarn production and trade throughout history. In this paper, the process of change occurring in the production of the silk cocoon and the sector of the silk which is the focus of commercial and economic life in the Bursa in the period of 1908-1923 will be discussed. This process covers the period of the 1908-1918 II. Constitutional Era and the 1919-1923 Turkish National Struggle. In Bursa, after the 1908, silk textile industry has improved. It provided an increase in production and brought up the labor capital conflict. Also national companies has been established in this period in Bursa. The wars at the beginning of the 20. Century, impacted negative on sericulture and silk production in the around of the Bursa and foreign markets closed. The sericulture industry in Bursa has gained vitality with the introduction of the methods in Europa and the legal and institutional arrangements after the Republic. This issues will be evaluated with the silk production and export of raw statistics, the Ottoman industrial censuses, Hüdavendigar Province Yearbooks, the local media sources and magazines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Socio-Economic History / Shakai-Keizai Shigaku is the property of Socio-Economic History Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Indian sericulture industry is beset with many problems. One of the main problems is the inability to produce quality silk of international grade. The quality silk can be produced only form bivoltines. The bulk of silk produced in India is from Multivoltines which are of inferior quality. Therefore, it is highly pertinent to have more productive bivoltine silkworm breeds capable of producing quality silk. However, the hot climatic conditions of India is not conducive to rear productive bivoltines. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop bivoltine breeds which can yield stable crops under the adverse climatic conditions. Accordingly, efforts should be focussed by the silkworm breeders to develop bivoltine breeds with genetic plasticity to buffer against the adverse climatic conditions. The main constraint of the tropical environment is the high temperature coupled with high and low humidity. It is a well established fact that the bivoltines are highly vulnerable to high temperature coupled with high and low humidity especially in the late instars. The hot climatic conditions of tropics prevailing particularly in summer are contributing to the poor performance of the bivoltine breeds and the most important aspect is that many quantitative characters such as viability and cocoon traits decline sharply when temperature is high. Therefore, it is highly pertinent to identify more number of bivotine breeds which can withstand adverse climatic conditions. Accordingly, the present study was carried out to evaluate and identify suitable bivoltine breeds under West Bengal conditions of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The area under mulberry and raw silk production grew at healthy rates in major silk producing states as well as in the country as a whole during 1980s and earlier part of 1990s. However, the rate of growth in raw silk production decelerated after mid 1990s as a result of decline in mulberry area. Nonetheless, owing to the improved technologies developed and popularized in the field, the productivity levels were sustained over the period. Varying pattern and magnitude of instability in mulberry were recorded across the states. The area instability was observed as the major source of production instability in most of the major silk producing states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Socio-econornic constraints of bivoltine silk cocoon production at the farmers' level, was studied in the selected districts of Karnataka state. With the existing potential of the evolved superior bivoltine (CSR) hybrids in the recent years, it is possible to achieve the international quality standards of 2A - 3A grade silk. Farmers choose to be risk averters than risk takers while adopting technology. Acquaintance with skill and knowledge can not alone lead to technology adoption, unless there is a change in individual behavior. Behavioral change is again a motivational process by which farmers can change their attitudes towards the new technology. Among the several variables considered in the logit function analysis to explain the probability in the adoption of bivoltine technology, variables such as the average price per kg of cocoon, awareness about bivoltine races, skills in rearing bivoltine race, attitude towards the bivoltine technologies and mulberry variety were positively related to the adoption behaviour of the farmers and found to be statistically significant. The adopter categories such as bivoltine (CSR) and cross breed silkworm rearers, were found to be independent of each other in terms of the selected variables tested in the analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this research was to characterize the technological degree of silkworm producers and to infer the types of interventions to be employed to increase productivity in 17 localities in the central region of Paraná State, Southern Brazil, which has the lowest Human Development Index (HDI). The original data of 2004/2005 season from green cocoons production taken from the company Fiação de Seda Bratac S.A. and submitted to multivariate statistical analysis of Principal Components. This technique allowed to choose four eigenvalues of 21 original variables and thus to use the new set to perform a descriptive analysis of the data. The four components selected were capacity/intensity of production, quality of production, efficiency in the use of the area and financial return of the property. Due to the large volume of information, Cluster analysis was performed for the components of the 565 producers, resulting in four groups of similar characteristics. The analysis of group of producers enabled the observation of two main contrasts. One part of groups presented producers with greater capacity and quality of cocoon production in the property, and other include producers who exploit their productive area inefficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Active political participation and political capital are central to the realization of the progressive vision and progressive agenda. Participation in political institutions, political process, and civic life are initial indicators of political inclusion. This research note seeks to examine the political participation and political capital of rural women farmers through participation in sericulture activities. It is important to study the participation of women in sericulture because they constitute the vital agent for the total production of cocoons in the country. The study is mainly centered on formal political participation rather than substantive political participation. The research findings indicate that there is growing evidence of a mutually reinforcing relationship between formal political participation and involvement in sericulture activities. Participation in civic organizations helped women in political decision making to a greater extent. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The quality and productivity in cocoon production are of major concern in Indian sericulture industry. Improving the nutritional status of mulberry leaves can enhance the efficiency of cocoon and seed production. Many approaches have been tried to augment productivity and cocoon quality. Fortification of mulberry leaves is one of the approaches, wherein the nutritional quality can be improved and better productivity of superior quality silk can be expected. In this context, utilization of botanicals during silkworm rearing is one of the better options for attaining this objective. Various botanicals are known to influence the silkworms by increasing either food consumption or biomass, thereby enhancing cocoon yield. Although, vast amount of reports have accumulated on these aspects, the strategies suggested for their application are neither adequate nor proportionate to the present productivity level. Hence, an effort has been made in the present review to compile all the information available on the use of botanicals for the integrated improvement in economic traits of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L., that may help in developing future strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the development of sericulture in the Zadar area between 1852 and 1860 as a part of the Habsburg Monarchy's efforts for economic development in Dalmatia. The information that the paper is based on has been collected during a research conducted in the Zadar National Archives. Most of the material was written in Italian and contains quantitative information, making it suitable for comparative analysis. Since the material has not been previously been presented or scientifically valorized, it might be argued that the condition of this important economic sector (at least for the period and area in question) has remained unexplored. In that light, the intention was to document and analyze the most important aspects of sericulture in the Zadar area during neoabsolutism, and research the influence of the sector on general economic development in the area, considering the applied economic policy measures. The sources clearly reveal that the state, regional and local authorities, as well as economic societies and distinguished individuals actively and systematically worked on promoting and encouraging sericulture. Their efforts were primarily exhibited through a number of measures taken - financial grants and subsidies, training and consultations for producers, awards for the most successful producers, distribution of free plants, acquisition of new species of silkworms from abroad, introduction and encouragement of innovations, etc. The conclusion presents the effects of those measures and evaluates their success within the existing economic and social circumstances. Silk volumes, types of plants and profits earned were taken as key performance indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Japanese agricultural scientist Toyama Kametaro’s report about the Mendelian inheritance of silkworm cocoon color in Studies on the Hybridology of Insects (1906) spurred changes in Japanese silk production and thrust Toyama and his work into a scholarly exchange with American entomologist Vernon Kellogg. Toyama’s work, based on research conducted in Japan and Siam, came under international scrutiny at a time when analyses of inheritance flourished after the “rediscovery” of Mendel’s laws of heredity in 1900. The hybrid silkworm studies in Asia attracted the attention of Kellogg, who was concerned with how experimental biology would be used to study the causes of natural selection. He challenged Toyama’s conclusions that Mendelism alone could explain the inheritance patterns of silkworm characters such as cocoon color because they had been subject to hundreds of years of artificial selection, or breeding. This examination of the intersection of Japanese sericulture and American entomology probes how practical differences in scientific interests, societal responsibilities, and silkworm materiality were negotiated throughout the processes of legitimating Mendelian genetics on opposite sides of the Pacific. The ways in which Toyama and Kellogg assigned importance to certain silkworm properties show how conflicting intellectual orientations arose in studies of the same organism. Contestation about Mendelism took place not just on a theoretical level, but the debate was fashioned through each scientist’s rationale about the categorization of silkworm breeds and races and what counted as “natural.” This further mediated the acceptability of the silkworm not as an experimental organism, but as an appropriately “natural” insect with which to demonstrate laws of inheritance. All these shed light on the challenges that came along with the use of agricultural animals to convincingly articulate new biological principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silk is an important economic fibre, and is generally considered to have been the exclusive cultural heritage of China. Silk weaving is evident from the Shang period c. 1600–1045bc, though the earliest evidence for silk textiles in ancient China may date to as much as a millennium earlier. Recent microscopic analysis of archaeological thread fragments found inside copper-alloy ornaments from Harappa and steatite beads from Chanhu-daro, two important Indus sites, have yielded silk fibres, dating to c. 2450–2000bc. This study offers the earliest evidence in the world for any silk outside China, and is roughly contemporaneous with the earliest Chinese evidence for silk. This important new finding brings into question the traditional historical notion of sericulture as being an exclusively Chinese invention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aimed to present a comparison concerning feasibility of the three variants of production integration: in a family reproduction sericicultural farm based on Present Value Method. The compared variants are : VI -- CDVM -- Control variant: Mulberry tree culture and Silk worm rearing, without integration with silk cocoon processing ;V2 -- CDVMP5 -- Experimental integrated variant between Mulberry tree culture, Silk worm rearing and Silk cocoon processing (unreeling cocoons) in handicrafts (knitted belts--P5); V3 -- CDVMP10 -- Experimental integrated variant between Mulberry tree culture, Silk worm rearing and Silk cocoon processing (unreeling cocoons) in handicrafts (Decorative picture--Pl0). Based on Net Present Value, the variant V2 -- CDVMP5 is the most profitable one, a reason to recommend it to sericiculturists if they intend to get more income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In a series of recent studies, several economic historians (most prominently Richard Sylla) argue that successful economies experience “financial revolutions” before undergoing rapid growth. In the U.S., they suggest Hamilton masterminded the financial revolution by putting the public finance in order and facilitating private banks. Might Matsukata, they continue, have done the same in Japan? Japan did indeed experience a financial revolution in the late 19th century. Matsukata, however, did not mastermind the revolution in advance of private-sector demand. Instead, private investors created much of the financial infrastructure in response to demand from industrial firms. What is more, most firms (at least in the pivotal silk industry) raised the funds they needed through trade credit rather than securities markets or banks. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]