Search

This study aimed to fabricate and characterize feboxostat (FXT) loaded nanoemulgel (NEG) for transdermal delivery. NEG was prepared by high sheared homogenization technique and characterized for thermodynamic stability, pH analysis, drug content, zeta analysis, viscosity, spreadability, FTIR, in-vitro drug release and ex-vivo permeation. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in albino rats by inducing edema in hind paws using carrageenan. The formulations showed optimum thermodynamic stability, having no phase separation and color change. The pH was in the range of human skin range i.e. 5.5-6.5. The drug content of F3 and F4 formulations were 97.56 ± 3.45 % and 83.88 ± 3.12 % respectively which were in official limit of USP i.e. 90 ± 10 %. No interaction was found between the FXT and various components after FTIR analysis. The viscosity of NEG was 4587 cp at 6 rpm and 2681 cp at 12 rpm. The droplet sizes of F1 (Blank NE), F2 (Blank NEG), F3 (Drug loaded NE) and F4 (Drug loaded NEG) were 148.6 nm, 153.4 nm, 402.1 nm and 498.3 nm respectively. The percent drug release of F3 was 82 ± 0.97 %, while F4 released 78 ± 0.91 % after 24 h. The drug permeation was 77 ± 1.28 % and 74 ± 1.10 % for F3 and F4 respectively. The optimized formulation significantly (p < 0.05; ANOVA) inhibited the paw edema in albino rats as compared to the control and standard group. It has been concluded that FXT loaded NEG can be a safe and effective alternative to the oral therapy of FXT., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All the authors declare that they have no competing interest, (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Background: Gallic acid (GA-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid), a phenolic phytochemical, is a ubiquitous secondary metabolite found in most plants, with appreciable concentrations in grapes seed, rose flowers, sumac, oak and witch hazel. GA often results from the hydrolysis of terpenes and the polyphenol tannic acid., Applications: It exhibits powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-cancer activities. Most intriguing benefit has been reported to be on the skin. Due to these beneficial properties, GA and its derivatives (e.g. lipid-soluble phenols such as synthetic gallic esters aka gallates) have been extensively used as an adjuvant in a number of therapeutic formulations, as a substitute of hydrocortisone in children with atopic dermatitis (AD) and other skin conditions (hyperpigmentation, wound healing), and as a cosmetic ingredient. GA has a USFDA GRAS status (generally recognized as safe), exhibiting fairly low systemic toxicity and associated mortality at acute doses in many experimental models. Despite anti-skin aging benefits obtained with relatively safe GA formulations, few cases of gallate-induced skin allergic have been reported in humans. Therefore, approaches to improve the bioavailability and biodegradability of this poor-water soluble and non-biodegradable phenolic compound are warranted., Purpose: This review has focused on the recently reported biological activities pertaining to the skin as well as the pharmacological properties of GA and its derivatives with special emphasis on its use in (nano-) cosmetic formulations. Since this is an evolving area of research, an adequate emphasis has been placed upon advantages and disadvantages of various nanoformulations., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Saussurea lappa (SL) has been reported for its antioxidant and anti-ageing properties. Due to this reason it can be incorporated in a stable phytoformulations for cosmetic use. The objective of the study was to evaluate the anti-aging potential of cosmetic o/w emulsion containing the botanical extract of SL. An emulsion (o/w) was prepared using TEGO® Care 450 (Polyglceryl-3-Methyl Glucose Distearate) emulsifier and final emulsion was loaded with 4 % extract of SL in aqueous phase. This emulsion evaluated for its antioxidant and anti-ageing properties on healthy human subjects using a non-invasive technique called surface evaluation of living skin (SELS). The formulation containing SL extract showed significant (p<0.05) changes in Skin roughness (SEr) as -3.13%, -6.26%, -9.39%; Skin Scaliness (SEsc) as - 4.19%, -8.39%, -12.58%; Skin wrinkles (SEw) as -0.5%, -1.08%, -1.63%; and Skin smoothness (SEsm) as 3.28%, 6.57%, 9.85%, respectively, after 30, 60 and 90 days of continous use. Topical application of the cosmetic cream containing SL extract exerts have a significant anti-aging effects, perhaps due to the presence of Kaempferol, gallic acid, Caffeic acid and other essential phenolics.

This study aimed to investigate the changes in skin barrier function in human subjects, following long-term topical application of Hippophae rhamnoides oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion whereas effects were measred using non-invasive probes like tewameter and corneometer. For this purpose, two stable oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions were formulated one with 5% Hippophae rhamnoides extract and other without extracts. Thirteen healthy, male subjects with a mean age 27 ± 4.8 years were enrolled after their informed consents. The subjects were instructed to apply either the active formulation or the base formulation over 84 days while they were not known with the contents of either formulation. Biometrological measurements of skin hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were performed on both sides of the face in each volunteer at baseline and on day 07, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 84. The statistical analysis revealed formulation with 5% plant extract was superior compared to placebo (base formulation) as formulation with extract have shown extremely significant improvements in skin hydration (p=0.0003) and TEWL (p=0.0087) throughout treatment course. Moreover, a significant (p<0.05) correlation between the active formulation and the improvement of the skin barrier functions was observed. The active formulation found to be superior to that of placebo. Results affirmed that future studies are necessary to clinically evaluate the active formulation hence it can be proposed that Hippophae rhamnoides emulsion could be an alternative pharmacological tool in treating barrier compromised conditions of skin.

The wide scale use of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) due to their unique properties and important applications in magnetic, thermal, electrical, sensor devices, and cosmetics makes human beings more prone to the exposure of CuONPs and its potential adverse effects. Exposure to such nanoparticles is mainly through skin and inhalation. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the apoptotic and genotoxic potential of CuONPs (50 nm) in the human skin epidermal (HaCaT) cells and its underlying mechanism of cellular toxicity. Significant decreases in cell viability were observed with CuONPs exposure in a dose- and time-dependent manner and also induced significant reduction in glutathione and induction in lipid peroxidation, catalase, and superoxide dismutase in HaCaT cells. A significant increase in caspase-3 activity was observed with CuONPs exposure in HaCaT cells indicating apoptosis. Apoptosis or necrosis was confirmed with fluorescent staining (acridine orange and propidium iodide). The CuONPs also induced DNA damage that was mediated by oxidative stress. This study investigating the effects of CuONPs in human skin cells has provided valuable insights into the mechanism of potential toxicity induced by CuONPs.

Background and Aims: We studied longterm application of cream containing green tea extract, to obtain knowledge of its effects on epidermal mechanics by 2-mm diameter Cutometer probe., Methods: Using this non-invasive device, we assessed the effects of green tea extract cream on skin mechanical properties. Healthy male volunteers (n=10) were included in this study, which lasted 60 days. The biomechanical properties of the skin were examined by a non-invasive suction device (Cutometer) and the cheeks were defined as the test area., Results: Statistically significant (p<0.05) results were notable for the R6 (Uv/Ue) parameter with respect to time (ANOVA); R0, R2 (Ua/Uf) and R7 (Ur/Uf) parameters were found statistically not significant by ANOVA. This study demonstrates that green tea formulation has a certain effect on R6 (Uv/Ue) parameter when applied regularly for a certain period of time., Conclusions: These results indicate that the formulation has no pronounced overall effects on skin elastic or biological properties, but significant R6 (Uv/Ue) values indicate that it does have definite effects on the viscoelastic properties of the skin.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of newly formulated topical cream of Calendula officinalis extract on the mechanical parameters of the skin by using the cutometer. The Cutometer 580 MPA is a device that is designed to measure the mechanical properties of the skin in response to the application of negative pressure. This non-invasive method can be useful for objective and quantitative investigation of age related changes in skin, skin elasticity, skin fatigue, skin hydration, and evaluation of the effects of cosmetic and antiaging topical products. Two creams (base and formulation) were prepared for the study. Both the creams were applied to the cheeks of 21 healthy human volunteers for a period of eight weeks. Every individual was asked to come on week 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 and measurements were taken by using Cutometer MPA 580 every week. Different mechanical parameters of the skin measured by the cutometer were; R0, R1, R2, R5, R6, R7, and R8. These were then evaluated statistically to measure the effects produced by these creams. Using ANOVA, and t-test it was found that R0, and R6 were significant (p <0.05) whereas R1, R2, R5, R7, R8 were insignificant (p > 0.05). The instrumental measurements produced by formulation reflected significant improvements in hydration and firmness of skin.

This study was aimed to depict potential effects of stable formulation (water in oil emulsion), containing 3% green tea (Camellia sinensis L) extract on skin sebum production in healthy human volunteers. For this purpose formulation was designed using 3% ethanolic green tea extract and Abil®EM90 was used as an emulsifier. Formulation was applied to the cheeks of healthy human volunteers (n=10) for a period of 8 weeks. Measurements for skin sebum production were considered using Sebumeter MPA 5. Results were compiled and any effect produced by the formulation was justified statistically. It was observable that statistically significant (p < 0.5%) results were found for skin sebum production after long term application of the formulation. 3% formulation of green tea extract was ideal in all aspects and can be experienced in skin disorders like acne to further investigate its effects in unhealthy volunteers.