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Skin cancer is a prevalent and sometimes lethal cancer that affects a wide range of people. UV radiation exposure is the main cause of skin cancer. Immunosuppression, environmental factors, and genetic predisposition are other contributing variables. Fair-skinned people and those with a history of sunburns or severe sun exposure are more likely to experience this condition. Melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are the three main forms. Melanoma poses a bigger hazard because of its tendency for metastasis, while SCC and BCC have limited metastatic potential. Genetic mutations and changes to signalling pathways such as p53 and MAPK are involved in pathogenesis. Early diagnosis is essential, and molecular testing, biopsy, dermoscopy, and visual inspection can all help. In addition to natural medicines like curcumin and green tea polyphenols, treatment options include immunotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation, surgery, and chemotherapy. Reducing the incidence of skin cancer requires preventive actions, including sun protection and early detection programs. An overview of skin cancers, including their forms, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment, highlighting herbal therapy, is given in this review., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Introduction: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is an uncommon skin tumor with a low-to-intermediate grade of malignancy, characterized by progressive growth and a propensity for local recurrence. In this series, we are analyzing the clinicopathological spectrum of DFSP cases., Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 12 patients with DFSP who were diagnosed at our institute over the last 2 years (2018-2020) was performed., Results: The clinicopathological spectrum and immunohistochemistry of DFSP cases were studied with one case with lymph node metastasis, which is a rare entity, and two cases of the fibrosarcomatous DFSP were also diagnosed and warrant a special mention., Conclusion: Pathologists should be aware of metastasis and unusual variants while reporting dermatofibrosarcoma., Competing Interests: None

Dermatofibrosarcomas protuberans (DFSP) are rare low-grade tumours with various subtypes and usually occur among middle-aged adults. However, myoid differentiation is very rare. We report a 44-year-old woman who presented to the Lok Nayak Jai Prakash Hospital, New Delhi, India, in 2017 with a recurrent pigmented DFSP presenting as an arm swelling. Upon histological and immunohistochemical analysis, myoid differentiation was confirmed. A literature review of the clinical and histopathological features of this rare entity is presented.

Lesions on the scalp are frequently encountered in clinical practice. Commonly diagnosed lesions include epidermal inclusion cysts (EICs), dermoid cysts and lipomas. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a low-grade malignant skin tumour occurring mostly in the extremities. However, its occurrence on the scalp is unusual, with an incidence of <5%. This lesion is rarely known to undergo fibrosarcomatous transformation. We present two such rare cases of DFSP of the scalp, with fibrosarcomatous transformation, masquerading clinically as EIC., (2016 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.)

We report two patients with an uncommon form of pigmented naevus consisting of grouped follicular papules. A biopsy taken from the lesions showed multiple naevus cells, predominantly around the hair follicles, with sparing of the eccrine glands. The clinicohistopathological term given for this condition is 'spotted grouped pigmented naevi type I', and has rarely been reported. We discuss the unusual morphology and differential diagnosis of this condition, and suggest that the term 'congenital follicular melanocytic naevi' is more appropriate for this presentation., (© The Author(s). CED © 2012 British Association of Dermatologists.)

Clitoromegaly (macroclitoris) can either be congenital or acquired. Intradermal nevus presenting as clitoromegaly in a child is extremely rare. Extensive Medline search has failed to reveal any published article on this. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first patient with this presentation in a 6-year-old child.

Proliferating trichilemmal cyst is a rapidly growing large cutaneous adnexal neoplasm occurring on the head and neck region of elderly women. Malignant transformation has rarely been reported in these lesions. We describe here a 85-year-old lady who presented with a large ulcerated growth over the scalp for one year duration. Incisional biopsy revealed proliferating trichilemmal cyst with malignant transformation. She underwent wide local excision of this growth. She is alive and without evidence of disease after 14 months of follow up. Because of limited number of cases reported in literature, management of malignant proliferating trichilemmal cyst is controversial. Treatment mainly entails wide local surgical excision. Many other adjuvant modalities have been tried. This paper presents the diagnosis and management of one case of malignant proliferating trichilemmal cyst followed by review of the literature.

Background: Though gallbladder carcinoma is associated with early lymphatic and hematogenous spread, the only common extra-abdominal site of metastasis is lung. Gallbladder carcinoma metastasizing to breast and subcutaneous tissue is not known., Method: This report describes an interesting and unusual case of asymptomatic gallbladder carcinoma presenting with subcutaneous and breast metastasis., Results: A 42-year-old woman presented with multiple subcutaneous nodules over the abdominal wall, anterior chest wall, back and in bilateral breasts. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of these nodules revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma. The patient was investigated for a primary neoplasm. An ultrasound of the abdomen followed by a contrast-enhanced CT scan showed a growth in gallbladder, infiltrating the liver with multiple hepatic metastases. CT-guided FNAC from the growth in the gallbladder revealed adenocarcinoma. She was diagnosed as a case of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder and palliative combination chemotherapy with gemcitabine and carboplatin was given. But she developed jaundice and deteriorated dramatically in a short span of time. No specific therapy could be started and she was given supportive treatment. She died within three weeks of diagnosis due to hepatic encephalopathy., Conclusions: This report highlights an unusual metastasis of gallbladder carcinoma to the breast and subcutaneous tissue presenting as multiple lesions, which has never been reported in the English literature. These were unknown sites of metastasis for carcinoma of the gallbladder. Moreover, bilateral multiple metastatic lesions to breast are also very rare.

Breast is an uncommon site for metastasis from other malignancies especially melanomas. A 40-year-old lady presented with a rapidly growing, painless, solitary breast lump for 3 months. Past history was unremarkable for skin lesions, biopsy or any surgery. The lump was hard and freely mobile with normal overlying skin, nipple, and areola. Careful examination of the skin did not reveal any lesion. Grossly the tumor was partially circumscribed and gray white. Microscopically, a highly cellular lesion was seen showing nests and sheets of large anaplastic cells with atypical mitotic figures without any evidence of cytoplasmic pigment. Immunoreactivity for S-100 and HMB-45, confirmed the diagnosis of amelanotic melanoma. It is important to be aware of this atypical presentation of amelanotic melanoma in the breast and to utilize immunohistochemistry to differentiate from other commoner high-grade malignant tumors.

Donovanosis is endemic in various parts of the world. Although donovanosis has been reported to co-exist with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, to our knowledge there have been no reports of co-existent squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in an HIV positive patient. In our case the patient did not respond to treatment for donovanosis and on biopsy we realized that the patient had coexistent SCC, which is hitherto unreported with granuloma inguinale.

We report two sisters, ages 12 and 8 years, with the characteristic clinical and biochemical profile of congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP). The disease is inherited as an autosomal recessive. The elder sibling had squamous cell carcinoma arising from the stump of the amputated left arm with metastases to lymph nodes, adrenals, and bone. To our knowledge, this feature has not been described in the English language literature, making our patient the first documented report of CEP with squamous cell carcinoma.