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Domestic servitude is a multi-offensive form of human exploitation that violates people’s dignity. This study explains how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the perpetration and increase of situations of domestic servitude. This is done through an analysis of risk factors—inequality, insecurity, marginalization, poverty, and gender violence—present worldwide, which facilitate the exploitation of black, Latino, migrant, and low-income women and girls. The close link between the invisibility of cases and the increase in the black number of victims of this type of human exploitation is also analyzed. The study concludes by showing the correlation between the increase in the black number of cases of exploitation through domestic servitude and the vulnerability factors women face in crisis situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that the gig economy is an exploitative extension of the informal economy. With its decentralised promise of individual entrepreneurship, I will argue that it places undue burdens on the worker as an 'independent contractor' that would otherwise be upheld by the employer. I will do so by applying a Marcusian analysis of the gig economy, highlighting two primary concerns. First, Marcuse's critique of 'industrial rationality' explains how industrial rationality creates the framework for - and justification of - exploitation within the gig economy. Second, as Wendy Brown notes, following Marcuse, the gig economy promotes the neoliberal notion of 'self-care' as a means of absolving corporations from any duty towards their employees. More specifically, 'self-care' within the gig economy forms part of the exploitation of workers within the informal economy which is often viewed as a buffer to absorb the unemployed within a neoliberal society. Building on this critique, I refer to the work of Byung-Chul Han and his concept of 'self-exploitation,' arguing that the gig economy should be considered an extension of an informal economy, in which workers are left in a perpetual state of servitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we are dealing with human trafficking for reasons of labor exploitation. For us, it is important to look at the historicity of the reality of unfree labor, which for Latin America, the Caribbean, and Africa, mostly means its connection to chattel slavery, the illegalization of unfree labor, and the development of the legal term of human trafficking and the introduction of laws against it. In looking at where today's legal, social, and political reality is coming from, we are also able to deepen our critique of today's law and its application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article traces the rhetorical transformation from the Irish as an exemplum to the Irish as a historically situated demographic in U.S. abolitionist writings from the early to mid-nineteenth century. Through close readings of polemical essays, speeches, and newspaper articles, I argue that abolitionist writers such as David Walker, Samuel Cornish, Gerrit Smith, and Frederick Douglass begin to transition away from conceiving of the exploitation of Irish workers as a fraught, though generative comparative case to chattel slavery once a new demographic of native Irish Catholic emigrants are interpellated into the emergent category of "white labor." The Irish are thus initially used by abolitionist writers to contrast chattel slavery with other forms of labor exploitation under capitalism until the political utility of those comparisons began to wane as the Irish-American laborer proved socially and conceptionally antagonistic to free and enslaved black laborers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article shares insight on the links between colonialism, race, capitalism, imperialism and breathing, or the struggle against suffocation and for life. Topics discussed are the struggle against racial gendered capitalism and exploitation, making the air irrespirable as a political strategy against people of color, mask of slavery as a racial and class politics of suffocation, and the revolutionary, feminist, queer Indigenous and African American struggle for a universal right to breathe.

Richard S. Dunn's portrayal of the rise of "king sugar" in the early English West Indies accords the crop a deterministic role in the entire region's development with a sugar revolution used to explain broad patterns of economic and social change: above all the shift from indentured to enslaved labor. The sugar revolution concept, despite rigorous reassessment, retains purchase and the broad historiography follows Dunn's claim that, after a brief period of plunder, Jamaica settled into sugar monoculture by the 1690s to give rise to "the starkest and most exploitive slave system in British America." This article draws on research of the last fifty years and new data to reassess this narrative and finds it wanting. Trade and population figures show that "king sugar" was no victor in early English Jamaica, which was a dual economy with a relatively small-scale, diversified agricultural sector alongside a strong entrepôt trade with the adjacent Spanish empire. Nonetheless, this diverse economy rapidly became a fully fledged slave society, in which the unfree outnumbered the free by 1673, and a harsh regulatory regime was put in place. The experience of the enslaved was far more varied than is commonly understood, and the complexities, contradictions, and collaborations involved in the process of building Jamaica's uniquely exploitive labor regime cannot be explained by a sugar revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the akıncı s' actions and hence the motivation for their raids as essential constituents within the process of Ottoman conquest of the Balkans in the late Middle Ages. Focusing on the raiders and their plundering activities, it asserts that the akıncıs played a crucial key role in the early Ottoman slave economy, as slave hunting was arguably the main economic driving force behind the Ottoman conquest. It hence argues that an analysis of the akıncıs allows for new insights into the nature of the early Ottoman Empire, but also advances the idea that their actions fall within a particular phase of the conquest period. To that end, the authors re-periodize the Ottoman conquest of the Balkans into the akıncı phase , which spanned eight to thirteen decades, depending on the region, and was characterized by continuous slave hunting and destruction of economic infrastructure, and the phase of administrative integration into the Ottoman Empire , which latter process was pursued by other actors, namely imperial elites from the center, and is usually characterized by at least partial repopulation of demographically weakened areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article unpacks some severe forms of exploitation of workers, resulting from the use of free provision of services for purposes that it was not intended to fulfil, under internal market law. It explores how this evolution of posting relates to the existence of a market resting only on the international assignment of workers, and proposes that the European Union (EU) takes steps to limit or prohibit assignment of labour, especially in the sectors (agriculture, meat sector, construction) where posting of workers, as some recent cases show, leads to extreme forms of exploitation that can be tagged as slavery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to inform readers of the prevalence of and increasing demand for human trafficking, both domestically and globally, and to propose necessary next steps governments must take in order to end the demand for such human exploitation. This paper will closely analyze the issue of trafficking humans for sex and labor within the Western Hemisphere and throughout Asia by using the United States and China as primary case studies. These case studies analyze the specific actions or inactions taken by the United States and Chinese governments to combat modern day slavery, as well as the current criminal sentencing guidelines these countries employ. Further, this paper will examine the theories of criminal punishment, taking a specific interest in the deterrence theory of tort law as a method that can be used to deter offenders and possible future offenders from engaging in such heinous crimes against society. By focusing on the economic principles that fuel human trafficking, such as low-risk, high-reward; systemic inequalities; and supply and demand, this paper stresses the importance that legislatures, government officials, and country leaders across the globe take an assertive approach in not only enacting legislation that enhances criminal punishments for those who engage in the trafficking of persons, but also enforcing the provisions that are established within the legislation to reduce the overall demand for human exploitation. Lastly, this paper emphasizes the need to reduce at-risk victims’ level of vulnerability of exploitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scant attention has been paid to the phenomenon of modern slavery in the management literature. This article redresses this by identifying modern slavery as a management practice comprising exploiting/insulating capabilities and sustaining/ shaping capabilities. I present a model specifying how these microorganization-level capabilities enable enterprises that deploy slavery to take advantage of the macro-institutional conditions that permit the practice to flourish in the face of widespread illegality and illegitimacy. I then advance potential implications for management theory and suggestions for further theoretical and empirical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I look at the relationship between slavery and capitalism through exploring the counterfactual of industrialization without slavery in the United States and by analyzing the deeper connection between slavery and capitalism. As we will see, slavery, and war capitalism more generally, played an important role in industrialization, and slavery and capitalism share an underlying connection that if obscured can facilitate higher levels of exploitation under capitalism at present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The captivity, trafficking and labour exploitation of indigenous people from the southern Lowlands of the Andes, in the Real Audiencia de Charcas, and the fate of their descendants in the colonial period, are studied here through individual histories as well as the legislation and its application. When observing diverse experiences of captives, the author considers that these cannot be understood through the slavery-freedom dichotomy or through the use of the language of ethnification, but rather it is necessary to reflect on other more complex phenomena such as non-free work, related to the legal status of the person in the colonial order. This reflection addresses the vulnerability of captives and their descendants to the paterfamilias, but also reveals the ability they showed to enforce their rights before the courts. This historiographical look invites us to observe the complexity of social and labour relations, reminding us that people, in their daily practices, transform the meaning of the denominations imposed by political power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between slavery and capitalism has become a renewed topic of debate, yet scholars have not been able to agree on a definition of capitalism. In this article I first clear up some misconceptions and situate the debate in the Marxian tradition from which it arose. I argue that while non‐Marxian accounts of capitalism fail to explain the key social transformations that have accompanied the rise of capitalism globally, Marxian accounts have failed to comprehend similar transformations that occurred on American slave plantations in the 19th century. I then present a general model of capitalism, building on earlier work by Brenner and Wood, that both incorporates and explains the distinctive dynamics of capitalist slavery in the antebellum South. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the issues of slavery, wealth, desertion, and casualties in Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia during civil war. According to the author, rich people were overrepresented in Lee's army and not just at the officer level. He noted that troops possessed powerful ties to slavery and they came out in force to defend their institution. He concluded that the rich, middle, and poor in the army embraced the institution of slavery and their tenacity in war indicates their commitment to Confederate independence. Information on wealth and slave ownership as well as the number of units in the Army of Northern Virginia is also presented in the article.

From the mid-1960s to the late 1970s, a cycle of slavery exploitation films emerged around the racial developments of the civil rights era and the industrial destabilizations accompanying the drawn-out collapse of the Hollywood studio system, responding to both by rewriting entrenched idealizations of slavery, race, and the "Old South." Yet despite the seemingly "American" nature of such racial and regional histories and imaginaries, the cycle was thoroughly global. Centrally shaped by the transnational influences and circulations marking its production, distribution, and evolution—and indeed, the global trends and flows of popular commercial cinema at this time, particularly expanding exploitation markets—this becomes most evident in the Italian-American/Hollywood exchanges and the Italian films, producers, and production contexts which were crucial to the cycle's emergence and development. Considering these films within the logics of filoni production—the cycles of cheap, imitative, and often exploitative genre fare fueling Italy's Golden Age—this article reveals the cross-industrial relationships, cross-country networks, and global flows underwriting the slaverysploitation cycle, and by extension, its contributions to changing cinematic and cultural understandings of race (blackness and whiteness), slavery, and (African) American history. In so doing, it breaks down nationalized conceptions of genre and film, broadly speaking, while pointing to the links between the US South and the Global South, not only in terms of mid-twentieth century popular film production and distribution, but also the transnational circulation of racial and regional imaginaries, common regional and national histories of slavery and imperialism, and the exploitative relations of global capitalism which continue to mark and connect the two. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The UK Modern Slavery Act 2015 is the first national legislation to use the term 'modern slavery' and to explicitly target 'slavery' as opposed to 'human trafficking', 'forced labour', or other terms. This article explains the development of UK modern slavery policy, which did not arise as a rational response to a defined problem, but has gradually emerged from the policy process as a moderately structured problem. Problem structuring took place in two phases. The first phase was marked by a series of problematisations and policy responses, with disjunctions between the constructed policy problem and the social problem. Elite problematisations excluded alternatives, although the final shape of policy remained open. Policy built up incrementally, running ahead of research so that the policy frame was limited to sexual exploitation while marginalising labour exploitation concerns. In the second phase, unresolved problems of legislation were questioned under the influence of a new moralistic policy frame, an international discourse on slavery, supported by elite political actors. Campaign groups and licit industry also became more influential, increasing the policy scope to take in more types of exploitation. This generated a second round of legislative problematisation, ultimately embedded in the Modern Slavery Act 2015. The two-phase process and prevailing top-down policy direction worked against human rights discourses and victim protection. Modern slavery remains a moderately structured problem, with more work necessary to address unintended consequences and implementation difficulties, including enhancing multi-agency working. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Grey chicken" is a term used to describe female students involved in prostitution practices. The numbers and distribution of students who double as prostitutes are increasing in urban areas, thus requiring immediate attention. This study found a number of reasons why female students fall into prostitution. In addition to the pressures of poverty and dysfunctional families, other factors that encourage prostitution include the influence of destructive peer-groups and being victims of date-rape. Female student prostitutes are not only victims of economic exploitation, but also psychological exploitation through inhumane treatment from their customers. This study found that the modus operandi used by their pimps is the dependency method, including drug addiction. These girls are often treated as objects of experiments and unusual sexual perversions. Moreover, they also suffer from social exploitation in the form of submissive relations with their pimps and the customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the claims of Eric Williams and the more recent Legacies of British Slave Ownership projects regarding the influence of enslavement in the building of Britain and its empire through a multi-generational study of a leading British elite family, the Bentincks. Using the concept of imperial careering, it charts how four men from this family not typically identified as enslavers or abolitionists were entangled with enslavement in Britain's Western and Eastern empires. It concludes that the influence of enslavement was extensive and mainly exploitative, but involved losses as well as gains for these elite protagonists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How a progressive and just state should tackle labour exploitation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumers are the new activists in the fight against modern slavery, with awareness campaigns urging citizens to use their consumer power to demand an end to labour exploitation. The contribution of political, or ethical, consumerism campaigns to the trafficking narrative is examined in this article through an analysis of the characterisation of consumers and corporations in campaigns from SlaveryFootprint.org, Stop the Traffik UK, and World Vision Australia. This article argues that campaigns urging political consumerism depict consumers as the heroic rescuers of enslaved victims, and embed solutions to modern slavery within a culture of unquestioned capitalism. This approach may have the unintended consequence of sidelining victims from the trafficking story as the focus of the narrative becomes the product, rather than the victim, of labour exploitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this essay for the collection on Human Trafficking, Exploitation, and Health, Elena Ronda-Perez and colleague discuss ways occupational health services can detect and address labour trafficking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unconditional basic is income not only feasible, but it also has more emancipatory potential than any other single policy because it targets economic vulnerability, the heart of all labor exploitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review examines the ambiguous condition of unfree labor in modern, Fordist, or postindustrial systems of exploitation. Unfree labor is reviewed across two multidisciplinary strands of research. The first pertains to forms of coercion and exploitation of labor in situations of human mobility or bondage-so-called modern-day slavery and human trafficking. The second attends to the effects of precariousness and dependency conceived at the interstice of recent theorizations of affect and belonging. Whereas the first case is framed as an exception, morally and legally condemned, the second is presented as a new ordinary form of inequality. A theoretical and empirical engagement that straddles both literatures under the prism of unfree labor consolidates this renewed anthropological focus on work. This review suggests that the objectification and dehumanization of labor should be placed back at the heart of anthropological reflection to pave the way for a refined scrutiny of exploitation, inequality, and dispossession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Notwithstanding the 19th century formal abolition of slavery as legal ownership of people, modern slavery and forced labour have not been consigned to the past. In fact, their existence is more widespread, and made more difficult to tackle due to the lack of formal, legal criteria. This article suggests that reference to historical institutions reveals seven 'badges of slavery' that are helpful in identifying occurrences of modern slavery and forced labour. These are: humiliation, ownership of people, exploitation of the vulnerable, lack of consent, terms and conditions of employment, limits on the power to end the employment relationship, and denial of rights outside the work relationship. These constitute modern slavery, and distinguish it from other instances of exploitative employment relations, however problematic. In addition, even where the label of modern slavery is misplaced, the identification of particular badges of slavery in contemporary employment relations may assist in highlighting their troubling facets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social Anthropology / Anthropologie Sociale is the property of Berghahn Books and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Estudios de Filosofía is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Instituto de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Begging is a social phenomenon with important moral, psychological and physical prejudices on its victims. Specialized studies indicate a predominantly child involvement, both girls and boys, in the exploitation and beggary traffic. This article gives an insight on the dimensions of begging among Romanian children, emphasizing aspects regarding the spreading of this phenomenon at a national level, favorable factors and legal regulations. Also it wants to create a profile of the victims of beggary, with the focus on the physical and social characteristics of the victims, the description of the unfolding space and the highlighting of the operational mode. By comparing information on traffic low and exploitation by beggary at an international level, a better understanding of this modern slavery is desired through the identification of both the problems and solutions necessary for the reduction in number of the minor victims of beggary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In liberal thought, slavery is imagined as reducing the human being to nothing but a body, while the free and equal political subjects of modern liberal democracies are held to be abstract, universal and disembodied individuals. In theory, bodies are also unimportant in the wage labour exchange. Though traditional models of worker citizenship insist on state and employers' duty to protect the human worth of worker citizens, they also assume the disembodied, thing-like nature of commodified labour power. Because bodies are so obviously important in the exchange between prostitute and customer, sex work is difficult to reconcile with liberal fictions of disembodiment, and one strand of feminist debate on prostitution is preoccupied by the question of whether prostitutes are like slaves or wage labourers. Protagonists on both sides of this debate often reproduce liberal understandings of labour power as a ‘thing’ that can be detached from the person. And yet labour power is also a contested commodity, and wage labour has historically been likened to slavery by activists struggling against the commodification of labour power. This article argues that stepping outside liberal fictions of disembodiment and recognising the parallels between prostitution, wage labour and slavery would allow greater scope for establishing a common political subjectivity amongst prostitutes, other wage workers and all those who have an interest in halting and reversing the current global trend towards the commodification of everything. In this way, common political ground between prostitutes and other wage workers is more visible when we step outside liberal assumptions about embodiment, slavery, work and citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Human trafficking is a global phenomenon, which affects all the countries in the world. The mechanism of human trafficking is a simple one: demand and supply. As long as there is a demand, there will also be a supply. Because of the fact that Romania is mostly a country of origin of trafficking victims, while Switzerland is mostly a country of destination for victims coming from Romania, the ways of approaching the phenomenon are somewhat different. In both countries analyzed in this study, Romania and Switzerland, there is specific legislation concerning this phenomenon and there are different approaches to provide assistance to the victims. The present collaboration between the two countries has led to the improvement of the situation of victims originating from Romania and identified on the territory of Switzerland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the role of exploitation as a category of historical analysis, with a particular focus on historian E. P. Thompson's treatment of exploitation in his book "The Making of the English Working Class". According to the author, Thompson challenged both post-war Marxism and the empirical methodology of economic history by stressing the roles of exploitation and agency in the formation of working-class identity and institutions. Other topics include slavery, industrial labour, and culture.

This article examines the concept of slave labour through two case studies from Brazil. One involves internal migrant workers and the other cross-border migrant workers. There have been accusations of slave labour in both cases. I argue that slave labour is a multi-dimensional concept and that cognate notions (eg forced and unfree labour) could also be reconceived as multi-dimensional. Recent works have proposed that a continuum viewing labour relations as more or less free should replace dichotomies such as free vs unfree. I argue for taking this further to recognise, first, that workers may be more or less free in different ways, and second, that the resulting conditions of employment can be characterised as more or less degrading, also in different ways. This multi-dimensional approach allows for a better understanding of the heterogeneity of apparently unfree labour relations and for greater recognition of the agency of workers labelled as slaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides an overview of the history of the Jewish community in England. It highlights the first Anglo-Jewish community in 1066 during the invasion of England by the Normans under William the Conqueror. The exploitation of the Jewish community, who were regarded only as the source of revenue, in the 13th Century is discussed.

Copyright of Historia is the property of Historical Association of South Africa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 2007 visual media reports revived allegations that sugar was being produced in the Dominican Republic using the labour of Haitian slaves. Beyond raising the general public's awareness of the plight of migrant sugarcane workers, the films and their surrounding publicity have led to the Dominican sugar slavery allegation being adopted in yearly global overview reports produced by agencies of the US Departments of Labor and State. The Dominican Republic has as a result been put back on an aid-and-trade-sanctionable track, more than 15 years after sugar slavery last featured as an allegation in any leading monitor group's reports. All this, plus evidence that one videographer knew central aspects of the allegation to be false at the moment of its public release, mark the revival of the Dominican sugar slavery allegation as a precursor to the media furor triggered by the Kony 2012 ‘viral video’. Analysis of the visual media afterlife of Dominican sugar slavery suggests that the ‘Kony effect’ may be less new than meets the eye, for Kony 2012 is not the first video campaign to promote yesterday's human rights crisis as today's imperative for action. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper reviews major challenges in the conceptual clarification and empirical inquiry of labor trafficking. Much of current literature on human trafficking in the U.S. has focused on the sexual exploitation of women and children. As a result, government funding has mostly gone to law enforcement agencies and rescue agencies home and abroad to find these victims. International organizations believe labor trafficking is perhaps far more prevalent than sex trafficking. But empirical research on labor trafficking remains rare. Wild claims have instead taken place of rigorous empirical research in advocacy activities and policy making. This paper calls for greater efforts on primary data collection that measures the incidence and prevalence of labor trafficking activities in the U.S. Campaigns against human trafficking cannot be sustained or even remain credible without sound empirical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses human trafficking in Australia. It informs that trafficking related legislation was first introduced in Australia in 1999 by bringing amendments to the Criminal Code Act 1995 and the Criminal Code Amendment Act 1999 created the offences of slavery, sexual servitude and deceptive recruiting but failed to define trafficking in persons. 184 victims of trafficking were provided with assistance through the Support for Trafficked Persons (STP) Program. It also informs that factors such as income disparity, poverty and migration status contribute to the risk of an individual finding themselves trafficked for various types of exploitation. INSETS: UN definition of trafficking in persons;Risk factors for exploitation.

Copyright of Ricerche di Pedagogia e Didattica is the property of Universita di Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Educazione and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The era of globalization has been accompanied by an increased awareness of private wrongs as well as acceleration of many forms of cross-border labor exploitation. The essay explores how refined distinctions between forced and free sex work could improve anti-trafficking policies. It addresses the understudied linkages between other forms of migration and sexual exploitation and suggests a triage approach to all forms of labor exploitation-based on harms rather than type of labor or victim. A better understanding of freedom, sex, and development will allow us to expand a human rights approach to these private wrongs. The best anti-trafficking policy is one of universal, indivisible human rights. Victims of sexual exploitation need the same things as all migrants and all workers-recognition, monitoring, resources, access to justice, and organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration is one of today's most important occurrences. They are distinguished at a national or international level as well as by their voluntary or forced nature. Regarding the latter, we will analyze the situation of economic migrants, refugees, human trafficking, and sexual exploitation which lead to a form of slavery. We will emphasize the international legal attempts to address these troubling situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on child trafficking which is rampant in Asia. Child trafficking is characterized as the recruitment, transfer, and harbouring of persons for the sole purpose of exploitation and refers to sexual exploitation, slavery, forced labor, and removal of organs. It presents the case scenarios on child trafficking from the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) survey. It discusses the encountered troubles in dealing with the identification of the problem wherein it is based on the international law for human rights. It focuses on addressing the factors which influence child trafficking through the improvement of justice systems, social welfare systems, and social behaviour change systems.