20 results on '"Pisinger C"'
Search Results
2. The cardiovascular effects of electronic cigarettes: A systematic review of experimental studies.
- Author
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Kennedy CD, van Schalkwyk MCI, McKee M, and Pisinger C
- Subjects
- Animals, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, Health Surveys, Humans, In Vitro Techniques, Particulate Matter adverse effects, Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Research, Smoking adverse effects, Vaping adverse effects
- Abstract
Background: Smoking is responsible for substantial cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Electronic cigarettes have been advocated as a means to reduce this disease burden; by reducing exposure to harmful substances in smokers who are unable to quit. Concerns have been raised however, about cardiovascular effects of their use, with inhalants containing carbonyls and fine particulate matter. We systematically reviewed experimental studies of in vitro, animal, and human cardiovascular effects associated with electronic cigarette use., Methods: A literature search was conducted using Ovid MEDLINE & Embase databases, identifying experimental studies investigating cardiovascular effects of electronic cigarette use. Subsequently, Cochrane Risk of Bias tools were used to assess study quality. Any differences in outcomes by conflict of interest and risk of bias status were sought., Results: 38 studies were included, investigating animals (n=6), humans (n=24) and human cardiovascular cells in vitro (n=8). 74.3% of studies found potentially harmful effects. Increased sympathetic nerve activity was observed in human studies, whilst platelet haemostatic processes, reactive oxygen species production and endothelial dysfunction were reported across all study types. Studies with conflicts of interest or median-high risk of bias were less likely to identify potentially harmful effects (p=0.0007, p=0.04 respectively)., Discussion: Most studies suggest potential for cardiovascular harm from electronic cigarette use, through mechanisms that increase risk of thrombosis and atherosclerosis. Notably, studies with conflicts of interest are significantly less likely to identify concerning cardiovascular effects. Included studies examine healthy, adult participants, limiting generalisation to potential high-risk groups including individuals with established cardiovascular disease or young, non-smokers., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
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3. A conflict of interest is strongly associated with tobacco industry-favourable results, indicating no harm of e-cigarettes.
- Author
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Pisinger C, Godtfredsen N, and Bender AM
- Subjects
- Humans, Tobacco Industry economics, Conflict of Interest economics, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, Smoking adverse effects, Tobacco Industry organization & administration, Vaping adverse effects
- Abstract
Researchers reach contradictory results when trying to assess the potential harm of e-cigarettes. This study investigated whether the findings and conclusions in papers published on e-cigarettes and health differ depending on whether the authors had a financial conflict of interest (COI) or not. A total of 94 studies (identified in a previous systematic review) that investigated the content of fluid/vapor of e-cigarettes or in vitro experiments were included. The type, level and direction of the financial COI were coded. Abstracts were blinded and evaluated by two assessors. Fischer's Test and Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the associations between findings of harm/conclusions and COI. All three dimensions of COI showed the same tendency: studies with industry-related COI found potential harm significantly less often than studies without a COI. 95.1% of papers without and 39.4% of papers with a COI found potential harmful effects/substances. Only 7.7% of tobacco industry-related studies found potential harm. The odds of finding of no harm were significantly higher in studies with an industry-related COI (OR 66.92 (95% CI 8.1-552.9)) than in studies without a COI. A strong/moderate COI was associated with very high odds (OR 91.50 (95% CI 10.9-771.4)) of finding of no harm compared with studies with no/weak COI. This blinded assessment showed that almost all papers without a COI found potentially harmful effects of e-cigarettes. There was a strong association between industry-related COI and tobacco- and e-cigarette industry-favourable results, indicating that e-cigarettes are harmless., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
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4. A multifactorial approach to explaining the stagnation in national smoking rates .
- Author
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Pisinger C, Jørgensen T, and Toft U
- Subjects
- Cross-Sectional Studies, Denmark epidemiology, Health Surveys, Humans, Models, Statistical, Smoking Cessation methods, Smoking Prevention, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, Smoking epidemiology, Smoking trends, Smoking Cessation statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this paper was to investigate if a multifactorial approach may be used to explain why national smoking rates have levelled off in Denmark after 60 years of decline. Methods: Seven hypothetical explanations for stagnation in smoking rate were explored. A period of five years with a declining smoking prevalence (2007-2011) was compared with four years of stalled smoking prevalence (2012-2015). We used individual and national level information sources, mostly cross-sectional data that were collected repeatedly, including large nationally representative surveys, sales stat-istics, nation-wide news and smoking cessation databases and legal information, among others. Results: Most theories were rejected, leaving some that might have contributed to the stagnation: substantially fewer smokers had tried to quit in the stagnation period. Furthermore, the price of tobacco had remained almost unchanged, tobacco control legislation and anti-smoking campaigns had not been very intensive, assistance to quit and the Health Authority's manpower allocated to tobacco control had decreased temporarily while the use of e-cigarettes had increased in the stagnation period. Conclusions: Important components to focus on in future tobacco control in Denmark were identified. The study suggests that, in future, we need to focus on exploring why Danish smokers have an increasing wish to quit while fewer and fewer, nevertheless, actually attempt to quit. Neither the authors nor the Danish Health Authority were aware of this paradox. Funding: We would like to express our gratitude to the Danish Health Foundation for financial support. The researchers are independent of the founders. Trial registration: not relevant., (Articles published in the Danish Medical Journal are “open access”. This means that the articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.)
- Published
- 2018
5. Genome-wide meta-analysis of 241,258 adults accounting for smoking behaviour identifies novel loci for obesity traits.
- Author
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Justice AE, Winkler TW, Feitosa MF, Graff M, Fisher VA, Young K, Barata L, Deng X, Czajkowski J, Hadley D, Ngwa JS, Ahluwalia TS, Chu AY, Heard-Costa NL, Lim E, Perez J, Eicher JD, Kutalik Z, Xue L, Mahajan A, Renström F, Wu J, Qi Q, Ahmad S, Alfred T, Amin N, Bielak LF, Bonnefond A, Bragg J, Cadby G, Chittani M, Coggeshall S, Corre T, Direk N, Eriksson J, Fischer K, Gorski M, Neergaard Harder M, Horikoshi M, Huang T, Huffman JE, Jackson AU, Justesen JM, Kanoni S, Kinnunen L, Kleber ME, Komulainen P, Kumari M, Lim U, Luan J, Lyytikäinen LP, Mangino M, Manichaikul A, Marten J, Middelberg RPS, Müller-Nurasyid M, Navarro P, Pérusse L, Pervjakova N, Sarti C, Smith AV, Smith JA, Stančáková A, Strawbridge RJ, Stringham HM, Sung YJ, Tanaka T, Teumer A, Trompet S, van der Laan SW, van der Most PJ, Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Vedantam SL, Verweij N, Vink JM, Vitart V, Wu Y, Yengo L, Zhang W, Hua Zhao J, Zimmermann ME, Zubair N, Abecasis GR, Adair LS, Afaq S, Afzal U, Bakker SJL, Bartz TM, Beilby J, Bergman RN, Bergmann S, Biffar R, Blangero J, Boerwinkle E, Bonnycastle LL, Bottinger E, Braga D, Buckley BM, Buyske S, Campbell H, Chambers JC, Collins FS, Curran JE, de Borst GJ, de Craen AJM, de Geus EJC, Dedoussis G, Delgado GE, den Ruijter HM, Eiriksdottir G, Eriksson AL, Esko T, Faul JD, Ford I, Forrester T, Gertow K, Gigante B, Glorioso N, Gong J, Grallert H, Grammer TB, Grarup N, Haitjema S, Hallmans G, Hamsten A, Hansen T, Harris TB, Hartman CA, Hassinen M, Hastie ND, Heath AC, Hernandez D, Hindorff L, Hocking LJ, Hollensted M, Holmen OL, Homuth G, Jan Hottenga J, Huang J, Hung J, Hutri-Kähönen N, Ingelsson E, James AL, Jansson JO, Jarvelin MR, Jhun MA, Jørgensen ME, Juonala M, Kähönen M, Karlsson M, Koistinen HA, Kolcic I, Kolovou G, Kooperberg C, Krämer BK, Kuusisto J, Kvaløy K, Lakka TA, Langenberg C, Launer LJ, Leander K, Lee NR, Lind L, Lindgren CM, Linneberg A, Lobbens S, Loh M, Lorentzon M, Luben R, Lubke G, Ludolph-Donislawski A, Lupoli S, Madden PAF, Männikkö R, Marques-Vidal P, Martin NG, McKenzie CA, McKnight B, Mellström D, Menni C, Montgomery GW, Musk AB, Narisu N, Nauck M, Nolte IM, Oldehinkel AJ, Olden M, Ong KK, Padmanabhan S, Peyser PA, Pisinger C, Porteous DJ, Raitakari OT, Rankinen T, Rao DC, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Rawal R, Rice T, Ridker PM, Rose LM, Bien SA, Rudan I, Sanna S, Sarzynski MA, Sattar N, Savonen K, Schlessinger D, Scholtens S, Schurmann C, Scott RA, Sennblad B, Siemelink MA, Silbernagel G, Slagboom PE, Snieder H, Staessen JA, Stott DJ, Swertz MA, Swift AJ, Taylor KD, Tayo BO, Thorand B, Thuillier D, Tuomilehto J, Uitterlinden AG, Vandenput L, Vohl MC, Völzke H, Vonk JM, Waeber G, Waldenberger M, Westendorp RGJ, Wild S, Willemsen G, Wolffenbuttel BHR, Wong A, Wright AF, Zhao W, Zillikens MC, Baldassarre D, Balkau B, Bandinelli S, Böger CA, Boomsma DI, Bouchard C, Bruinenberg M, Chasman DI, Chen YD, Chines PS, Cooper RS, Cucca F, Cusi D, Faire U, Ferrucci L, Franks PW, Froguel P, Gordon-Larsen P, Grabe HJ, Gudnason V, Haiman CA, Hayward C, Hveem K, Johnson AD, Wouter Jukema J, Kardia SLR, Kivimaki M, Kooner JS, Kuh D, Laakso M, Lehtimäki T, Marchand LL, März W, McCarthy MI, Metspalu A, Morris AP, Ohlsson C, Palmer LJ, Pasterkamp G, Pedersen O, Peters A, Peters U, Polasek O, Psaty BM, Qi L, Rauramaa R, Smith BH, Sørensen TIA, Strauch K, Tiemeier H, Tremoli E, van der Harst P, Vestergaard H, Vollenweider P, Wareham NJ, Weir DR, Whitfield JB, Wilson JF, Tyrrell J, Frayling TM, Barroso I, Boehnke M, Deloukas P, Fox CS, Hirschhorn JN, Hunter DJ, Spector TD, Strachan DP, van Duijn CM, Heid IM, Mohlke KL, Marchini J, Loos RJF, Kilpeläinen TO, Liu CT, Borecki IB, North KE, and Cupples LA
- Subjects
- Adiposity genetics, Adult, Body Fat Distribution, Body Mass Index, Epistasis, Genetic, Humans, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Waist Circumference genetics, Waist-Hip Ratio, Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study methods, Obesity genetics, Quantitative Trait Loci genetics, Smoking genetics
- Abstract
Few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) account for environmental exposures, like smoking, potentially impacting the overall trait variance when investigating the genetic contribution to obesity-related traits. Here, we use GWAS data from 51,080 current smokers and 190,178 nonsmokers (87% European descent) to identify loci influencing BMI and central adiposity, measured as waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio both adjusted for BMI. We identify 23 novel genetic loci, and 9 loci with convincing evidence of gene-smoking interaction (GxSMK) on obesity-related traits. We show consistent direction of effect for all identified loci and significance for 18 novel and for 5 interaction loci in an independent study sample. These loci highlight novel biological functions, including response to oxidative stress, addictive behaviour, and regulatory functions emphasizing the importance of accounting for environment in genetic analyses. Our results suggest that tobacco smoking may alter the genetic susceptibility to overall adiposity and body fat distribution.
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- 2017
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6. Longitudinal associations between lifestyle and vitamin D: A general population study with repeated vitamin D measurements.
- Author
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Skaaby T, Husemoen LL, Thuesen BH, Pisinger C, Hannemann A, Jørgensen T, and Linneberg A
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Vitamin D blood, Alcohol Drinking blood, Diet, Exercise physiology, Life Style, Smoking blood, Vitamin D analogs & derivatives
- Abstract
Several lifestyle factors have been found to be associated with vitamin D status in cross-sectional studies, but it is not clear whether a change in these factors can actually affect the vitamin D level. We investigated the association between repeated measurements of physical activity, body mass index (BMI), diet, alcohol consumption, and smoking habits, and corresponding levels of vitamin D during 5 years of follow-up of a large general population sample. We included 4185 persons who participated and had vitamin D (serum-25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25-OH-D) measurements in the Inter99 study at baseline (1999-2001) and 5-year follow-up. In a subsample, 25-OH-D was also measured at 1- and 3-year follow-ups. We used mixed models to examine the association between repeated measurements of lifestyle factors and 25-OH-D levels. In multivariable analyses of repeated measurements, the difference in 25-OH-D was -0.32 ng/ml (95 % CI -0.37, -0.28) per 1 kg/m(2) increase in BMI; 4.50 ng/ml (95 % CI 3.84, 5.15) for persons moderately/vigorously physically active versus sedentary; 1.82 ng/ml (95 % CI 1.09, 2.56) for persons with healthy versus unhealthy dietary habits; 0.05 ng/ml (95 % CI 0.03, 0.07) per 1 standard drink/weak increase in alcohol consumption; and 0.86 ng/ml (95 % CI 0.36, 1.35) for never smokers versus daily smokers. Our study shows that lower BMI, a higher level of physical activity, a healthier diet and possibly a higher alcohol intake, and not smoking, are associated with higher 25-OH-D levels.
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- 2016
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7. Smoking and All-cause Mortality in Older Adults: Results From the CHANCES Consortium.
- Author
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Müezzinler A, Mons U, Gellert C, Schöttker B, Jansen E, Kee F, O'Doherty MG, Kuulasmaa K, Freedman ND, Abnet CC, Wolk A, Håkansson N, Orsini N, Wilsgaard T, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, van der Schouw YT, Peeters PHM, de Groot LCPGM, Peters A, Orfanos P, Linneberg A, Pisinger C, Tamosiunas A, Baceviciene M, Luksiene D, Bernotiene G, Jousilahti P, Petterson-Kymmer U, Jansson JH, Söderberg S, Eriksson S, Jankovic N, Sánchez MJ, Veronesi G, Sans S, Drygas W, Trichopoulou A, Boffetta P, and Brenner H
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Europe, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Risk Factors, United States, Mortality, Smoking adverse effects, Smoking Cessation
- Abstract
Introduction: Smoking is known to be a major cause of death among middle-aged adults, but evidence on its impact and the benefits of smoking cessation among older adults has remained limited. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the influence of smoking and smoking cessation on all-cause mortality in people aged ≥60 years., Methods: Relative mortality and mortality rate advancement periods (RAPs) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards models for the population-based prospective cohort studies from Europe and the U.S. (CHANCES [Consortium on Health and Ageing: Network of Cohorts in Europe and the U.S.]), and subsequently pooled by individual participant meta-analysis. Statistical analyses were performed from June 2013 to March 2014., Results: A total of 489,056 participants aged ≥60 years at baseline from 22 population-based cohort studies were included. Overall, 99,298 deaths were recorded. Current smokers had 2-fold and former smokers had 1.3-fold increased mortality compared with never smokers. These increases in mortality translated to RAPs of 6.4 (95% CI=4.8, 7.9) and 2.4 (95% CI=1.5, 3.4) years, respectively. A clear positive dose-response relationship was observed between number of currently smoked cigarettes and mortality. For former smokers, excess mortality and RAPs decreased with time since cessation, with RAPs of 3.9 (95% CI=3.0, 4.7), 2.7 (95% CI=1.8, 3.6), and 0.7 (95% CI=0.2, 1.1) for those who had quit <10, 10 to 19, and ≥20 years ago, respectively., Conclusions: Smoking remains as a strong risk factor for premature mortality in older individuals and cessation remains beneficial even at advanced ages. Efforts to support smoking abstinence at all ages should be a public health priority., (Copyright © 2015 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
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8. The impact of the Danish smoking ban on hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction.
- Author
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Christensen TM, Møller L, Jørgensen T, and Pisinger C
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- Adult, Aged, Comorbidity, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic, Denmark epidemiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 epidemiology, Government Regulation, Humans, Incidence, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction epidemiology, Risk Factors, Smoking epidemiology, Time Factors, Health Policy, Myocardial Infarction prevention & control, Patient Admission, Smoking legislation & jurisprudence, Smoking Cessation legislation & jurisprudence, Smoking Prevention, Tobacco Smoke Pollution legislation & jurisprudence, Tobacco Smoke Pollution prevention & control
- Abstract
Background: Exposure to secondhand smoke is associated with an increased risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The positive impact of a smoking ban on AMI hospitalization rates has been demonstrated both inside and outside Europe. A national smoking ban (SB) was implemented in Denmark on 15 August 2007., Purpose: To evaluate the impact of the Danish SB on hospital admissions for AMI., Methods: Poisson regression models were used to analyse changes over time in AMI-admissions in Denmark. We investigated a seven year period: five years before and two years after implementation of the SB. We accounted for the variation in the population size and for seasonal trends. Potential confounders included were: gender, age and the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D)., Results: A significant reduction in the number of AMI-admissions was found in the last three years of the study period after adjusting for the potential confounders. The significant reductions were found one year before the SB (relative rate (RR) = 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79-0.94), one year after the SB (RR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.71-0.85) and two years after the SB (RR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.70-0.84)., Conclusions: A significant reduction in the number of AMI-admissions was found already one year before the SB after adjustment for the incidence of T2D. The results differ from most results found in similar studies throughout the world and may be explained by the incremental enactment of SBs in Denmark and the implementation of a nation-wide ban on industrially produced trans-fatty acids in food in 2004.
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- 2014
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9. Municipal tobacco control in the Capital Region of Denmark can be improved.
- Author
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Pisinger C, Robinson KM, Jørgensen T, and Glümer C
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- Child, Denmark epidemiology, Health Priorities, Humans, Logistic Models, Prevalence, Quality Assurance, Health Care, Smoking legislation & jurisprudence, Smoking Cessation, Surveys and Questionnaires, Cities epidemiology, Cities legislation & jurisprudence, Environmental Exposure, Smoking epidemiology, Smoking Prevention, Tobacco Smoke Pollution
- Abstract
Introduction: Smoking remains the single preventable factor with the highest impact on morbidity and mortality in Denmark. The aims of this study were to assess the quality of municipal tobacco control (TC) in the 29 municipalities of the Capital Region of Denmark, and to compare the quality of the TC and the priority given to TC with the prevalence of daily smoking across municipalities., Material and Methods: In March 2012 a questionnaire regarding municipal TC was sent to the 29 municipalities of the Region. The response rate was 100%. Data were merged with information from the Health Survey under-taken in the Capital Region in 2010 which included 49,806 respondents. We assessed the quality of TC using two measures: self-reported priority (scale 1-10) and calculated quality score (scale 0-70), and compared these measures with the prevalence of daily smoking two years before., Results: There were large differences in TC between the municipalities of the region. A high smoking prevalence in 2010 was significantly associated with a high priority given to TC in 2012 (p=0.03). The mean priority of TC was 7.1 (range 3-10) and the mean quality score was 37.1 (range 17-55). Smoking cessation services and prevention of second-hand smoking exposure seem to be the main areas of focus, while several at-risk groups were given a low priority., Conclusion: In some municipalities, TC seems to be neglected, while others have achieved high standards. We call for major improvements in TC in the majority of municipalities., Funding: The trial was funded by the Capital Region of Denmark (Region Hovedstaden) and the Health Foundation (Helsefonden)., Trial Registration: Not relevant.
- Published
- 2013
10. The potential of smoking cessation programmes and a smoking ban in public places: comparing gain in life expectancy and cost effectiveness.
- Author
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Højgaard B, Olsen KR, Pisinger C, Tønnesen H, and Gyrd-Hansen D
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- Adolescent, Adult, Cost Savings, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Denmark, Health Care Costs, Humans, Markov Chains, Program Evaluation, Restaurants legislation & jurisprudence, Smoking Prevention, Workplace legislation & jurisprudence, Life Expectancy, Smoking economics, Smoking legislation & jurisprudence, Smoking Cessation economics, Tobacco Smoke Pollution economics, Tobacco Smoke Pollution legislation & jurisprudence, Tobacco Smoke Pollution prevention & control
- Abstract
Background: Interventions aimed at reducing the number of smokers are generally believed to be cost effective. However as the cost of the interventions should be paid up front whereas the gains in life years only appear in the future--the budgetary consequences might be a barrier to implementing such interventions., Aims: The aim of the present paper was to assess the long-term cost effectiveness as well as the short-term (10 years) budget consequences of cessation programmes and a smoking ban in enclosed public places., Methods: We develop a population-based Markov model capable of analyzing both interventions and assess long-term costs effectiveness as well as short-term budgetary consequences and outcome gains. The smoking cessation programme model was based on data from the Danish National Smoking Cessation Database (SCDB), while the model of the smoking ban was based on effect estimates found in the literature., Results: On a population level the effect of a smoking ban has the largest potential compared with the effect of smoking cessation programmes. Our results suggest that smoking cessation programmes are cost saving and generate life-years, whereas the costs per life-year gained by a smoking ban are 40,645 to 64,462 DKK (100 DKK = €13.4). These results are conservative as they do not include the healthcare cost saving related to reduced passive smoking., Conclusions: Our results indicate that smoking cessation programmes and a smoking ban in enclosed public places both in the short term and the long term are cost-effective strategies compared with the status quo.
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- 2011
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11. The association between active and passive smoking and frequent pain in a general population.
- Author
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Pisinger C, Aadahl M, Toft U, Birke H, Zytphen-Adeler J, and Jørgensen T
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- Abdominal Pain epidemiology, Abdominal Pain etiology, Adult, Arthralgia epidemiology, Arthralgia etiology, Back Pain epidemiology, Back Pain etiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Denmark epidemiology, Female, Headache epidemiology, Headache etiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pain physiopathology, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors, Tobacco Smoke Pollution adverse effects, Tobacco Smoke Pollution statistics & numerical data, Pain epidemiology, Pain etiology, Smoking adverse effects, Smoking epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: It is controversial whether the association between back pain, and other types of chronic pain, and smoking is causal or not., Aim: To examine the relationship between frequent pain and smoking, and between frequent pain and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in smokers and non-smokers., Methods: A randomised population-based study, Inter99 (1999-2006), Denmark. Subjects in the intervention groups (N=6784; participation rate=52.5%) completed self-report questionnaires. Cross-sectional data from baseline were analysed in adjusted logistic regression analyses to investigate the relationship between active and passive smoking and frequent pain in the back, abdomen, joints and head., Results: Daily smokers reported significantly more frequent pain in every of the six locations, and in several, minimum three, locations (OR=1.98 (95%CI=1.6-2.4)) than never smokers. We found a dose-response relationship between frequent pain and intensity of both active and passive smoking (test-for-trend p<0.001). Those exposed to 5h or more of ETS reported significantly more frequent pain than those almost never exposed to ETS (non-smokers: OR=1.46 (95%CI=1.2-1.8), and smokers: OR=2.04(95%CI=1.4-3.0)). Also, an earlier smoking debut and an increasing number of pack-years increased the probability of frequent pain in daily smokers (test-for-trend p<0.05)., Conclusion: We found significant association, dose-response and reversibility between active smoking and frequent pain in all six locations. Furthermore, we found that increasing intensity of ETS increased the probability of frequent pain in non-smokers, which has not been shown before. In conclusion, several findings in this study indicate a causal link between tobacco smoke and pain, which is supported by recent prospective studies., (Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
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- 2011
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12. Can lifestyle factors explain why body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio increase with increasing tobacco consumption? The Inter99 study.
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Pisinger C, Toft U, and Jørgensen T
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- Analysis of Variance, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control, Chi-Square Distribution, Denmark epidemiology, Diet, Energy Intake, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Risk Factors, Waist-Hip Ratio, Body Mass Index, Life Style, Smoking epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: The relationship between smoking, lifestyle, and weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WH ratio) is complex, and not fully understood., Methods: In total, 6784 subjects (2408 daily smokers) were included in a population-based study (the Inter99 study) in Denmark. Weight, height, and waist and hip circumference were measured. Self-reported tobacco consumption and lifestyle variables (dietary quality, energy intake, physical activity in leisure time and alcohol consumption) were registered., Results: Daily smokers had a significantly lower BMI and significantly higher WH ratio than never smokers (P<0.001). Unhealthy lifestyle increased with increasing tobacco consumption (P<0.001 for all variables). Both BMI and WH ratio increased with increasing tobacco consumption. The association between increasing WH ratio and increasing tobacco consumption was largely explained by sociodemographic factors, rather than lifestyle factors. However, neither sociodemographic nor lifestyle factors could fully explain the increased BMI associated with heavier smoking., Conclusions: Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors could not fully explain why BMI increased with increasing daily tobacco consumption, but these factors did largely explain the increasing WH ratio. The relationship between BMI and tobacco consumption is complex, and the public needs to be informed that smoking is not a 'diet'.
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- 2009
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13. The effectiveness of smoking cessation groups offered to hospitalised patients with symptoms of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
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Borglykke A, Pisinger C, Jørgensen T, and Ibsen H
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- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Denmark, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hospitalization statistics & numerical data, Humans, Incidence, Logistic Models, Male, Patient Education as Topic, Probability, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive etiology, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive therapy, Recurrence, Reference Values, Risk Assessment, Smoking Cessation statistics & numerical data, Treatment Outcome, Patient Readmission statistics & numerical data, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive epidemiology, Smoking adverse effects, Smoking epidemiology, Smoking Cessation methods
- Abstract
Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality. Smoking is the leading cause of COPD. Results from randomised trials regarding smoking cessation in hospitalised patients with COPD are few., Objectives: To assess the effect of smoking cessation groups (SCG) in patients with COPD admitted to hospital., Methods: Two hundred and twenty-three patients admitted to hospital were assigned to either a control group (n = 102) or an intervention group (n = 121) by matter of vacancy. The smokers in the intervention group were offered participation in an SCG. Smoking status and change in self-reported symptoms were assessed after 1 year. Smoking status was self-reported and verified with carbohemoglobin measurement. Survival and hospital admissions were assessed after 5 years through national registers., Results: Forty-eight patients participated in an SCG. After 1 year, 36 (30%) patients in the intervention group were abstinent compared with 13 (13%) patients in the control group [odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 2.83 (1.40-5.74)]. There was a significant difference between the intervention group and the control group regarding change in self-reported phlegm. There was a non-significant tendency towards better survival in the intervention group (50.4%) compared with the control group (43.1%). After 3 years, the intervention group had a significantly fewer total number of days admitted to hospital and number of days hospitalised with COPD., Conclusion: This study shows that an intervention consisting of offering participation in an SCG to chronic patients makes it possible to obtain higher abstinence rates. Furthermore, this intervention showed impact on phlegm, survival and hospital readmissions.
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- 2008
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14. Smoking reduction and cessation reduce chronic cough in a general population: the Inter99 study.
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Pisinger C, Godtfredsen NS, and Jørgensen T
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- Adult, Denmark, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Cough etiology, Cough prevention & control, Risk Reduction Behavior, Smoking adverse effects, Smoking Cessation
- Abstract
Background: Chronic cough can be the first sign of chronic obstructive disease. A few, and mostly selected, studies exploring the effect of reduced daily tobacco consumption have shown a small effect on pulmonary symptoms., Aim: The aim of this study was to examine if smoking reduction (SR) (> or =50% of daily tobacco consumption) or smoking cessation (SC) had an effect on chronic cough and phlegm., Methods: A total of 2408 daily smokers were included in a Danish population-based intervention study, Inter99. In the analyses, we included smokers with self-reported chronic cough or phlegm at baseline who also attended the 1-year follow-up. We investigated if SR or SC had improved the self-reported pulmonary symptoms, using logistic regression analyses., Results: Almost 34% of the smokers had chronic cough at baseline and 24.5% had chronic phlegm. Thirty-seven persons with cough at baseline and 24 with phlegm at baseline achieved substantial SR at 1-year follow-up. The corresponding numbers for SC were 63 and 39, respectively. In adjusted analyses, quitting or reducing smoking was associated with less reporting of cough [odds ratio (OR): 14.2; 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.9-34.4] and (OR: 3.7; 95% CI: 1.7-8.0), respectively, compared with unchanged smoking habits. It was also significantly more likely not to report phlegm at 1-year follow-up for those who had quit (OR: 7.1; 95% CI: 2.8-18.0), whereas SR was not significantly associated with termination of phlegm (OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 0.9-6.4) when compared with continuous smoking., Conclusion: SC significantly improved self-reported chronic cough and phlegm as expected. Substantial SR was achieved by few smokers but had a significantly positive effect on chronic cough.
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- 2008
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15. Weight concerns and smoking in a general population: the Inter99 study.
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Pisinger C and Jorgensen T
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- Adult, Behavioral Research, Body Mass Index, Cross-Sectional Studies, Denmark epidemiology, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Habits, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk-Taking, Smoking psychology, Smoking Prevention, Attitude to Health, Overweight, Smoking epidemiology, Smoking Cessation statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Objective: No previous studies have explored weight concerns in relation to smoking habits, or investigated how weight concerns affect smoking cessation in a general population., Method: Inter99 is a population-based lifestyle interventional study, conducted in 1999-2001 in Copenhagen, Denmark, comprising 30-60 year old men and women. All daily smokers (N=2408) were offered help to quit. The baseline investigation (N=6784) was used for analysing associations of smoking status with weight concerns (cross-sectional design). To analyse how weight concerns affected smoking cessation we included the 1387 daily smokers attending 1-year follow-up; 221 of these were verified quitters (longitudinal design)., Results: Daily smoking men and women had a significantly lower body mass index than never smokers (men: 3%, women 5%) but reported to be significantly less concerned of their weight (men: OR=0.64, 95%CI=0.4-0.9), women: 0.78(0.6-1.0)). Ex-smoking normal weight women were significantly more likely to be frequently concerned of their weight than never smoking normal weight women (OR=2.06, 95CI%=1.6-2.7). Fifty-two percent of the women and 32% of the men with a previous quit attempt reported that weight gain was a reason for relapse. Neither weight concerns nor eating patterns were predictive of point abstinence at 1-year follow-up., Conclusion: Smokers are believed to be very concerned of their weight but in this population-based study, daily smokers more frequently ate what they wanted, had a lower BMI and were significantly less concerned of their weight than never smokers. Weight concerns and eating patterns did not predict abstinence at 1-year follow-up. It seems that weight gain and weight concerns are independent factors.
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- 2007
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16. Effects of smoking cessation and reduction in asthmatics.
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Tønnesen P, Pisinger C, Hvidberg S, Wennike P, Bremann L, Westin A, Thomsen C, and Nilsson F
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- Administration, Inhalation, Adult, Anti-Asthmatic Agents administration & dosage, Asthma drug therapy, Asthma prevention & control, Carbon Monoxide blood, Chi-Square Distribution, Cotinine blood, Denmark, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Quality of Life, Smoking blood, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome therapy, Thiocyanates blood, Time Factors, Asthma physiopathology, Chewing Gum, Nebulizers and Vaporizers, Nicotine administration & dosage, Nicotinic Agonists administration & dosage, Smoking therapy, Smoking Cessation methods
- Abstract
The present study examined the effect of smoking reduction and cessation on asthma regulation and biomarkers of exposure to cigarette smoke. In a prospective open design, we allocated 220 asthmatics among three groups: (a) Smoking reduction (reducers), with the aim of smoking fewer than seven cigarettes per day, (b) complete smoking cessation (abstainers), or (c) continuation of usual smoking (continuing smokers). Subjects used nicotine chewing gum or an oral nicotine inhaler to promote reduction and cessation. We monitored changes in the biomarkers carbon monoxide, cotinine, and thiocyanate, and in peak flow, medicine use, bronchial reactivity, and asthma symptoms. The analysis used the three outcome groups, regardless of original allocation to treatment groups. At 4 months, analysis of abstainers (n = 27), reducers (n = 33), and continuing smokers (n = 50) showed marked, statistically significant decreases in expired carbon monoxide of 17 ppm (abstainers) and 15 ppm (reducers); in plasma cotinine of 124 ng/ml (abstainers) and 122 ng/ml (reducers); and in plasma thiocyanate of 5.03 ng/ml (abstainers) and 3.74 ng/m (reducers). For abstainers, we observed improvements in the asthma-specific quality-of-life score, and reductions in self-reported day and night use of rescue beta2-agonists, in doses of inhaled corticosteroids, in daytime asthma symptoms, and in bronchial hyperreactivity. For reducers, smaller improvements occurred for night use of rescue beta2-agonists, doses of inhaled corticosteroids, and bronchial hyperreactivity. Smoking cessation resulted in a marked decrease in three biomarkers of cigarette smoke inhalation and improved asthma regulation, whereas smoking reduction had a less pronounced effect on biomarkers and only a small effect on asthma regulation.
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- 2005
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17. Overweight duration in older adults and cancer risk: a study of cohorts in Europe and the United States
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Arnold, M., Freisling, H., Stolzenberg-Solomon, R., Kee, F., O’Doherty, M. G., Ordóñez-Mena, J. M., Wilsgaard, T., May, A. M., Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B., Tjønneland, A., Orfanos, P., Trichopoulou, A., Boffetta, P., Bray, F., Jenab, M., Soerjomataram, I., Baceviciene, M., Boer, J. M. A., Drygas, W., Eriksson, S., Feskens, E., Gafarov, V., Gardiner, J., Hakansson, N., Jansson, J. -H., Jousilahti, P., Kampman, E., Kontto, J., Kubinova, R., Leenders, M., Linneberg, A., Lochen, M. -L., Lorbeer, R., Malyutina, S., Mathiesen, E. B., Melhus, H., Michaëlsson, K., Njolstad, I., Orsini, N., Pajak, A., Pikhart, H., Pisinger, C., Salomaa, V., Sánchez, M. -J., Sans, S., Schaan, B., Schneider, A., Siganos, G., Söderberg, S., Streppel, M., Tamošiunas, A., Veronesi, G., Waterham, E., Wennberg, P., on behalf of the CHANCES consortium, Arnold, M., Freisling, H., Stolzenberg-Solomon, R., Kee, F., O’Doherty, M.G., Ordóñez-Mena, J.M., Wilsgaard, T., May, A.M., Bueno-de-Mesquita, H.B., Tjønneland, A., Orfanos, P., Trichopoulou, A., Boffetta, P., Bray, F., Jenab, M., Soerjomataram, I., Baceviciene, M., Boer, J.M.A., Drygas, W., Eriksson, S., Feskens, E., Gafarov, V., Gardiner, J., Hakansson, N., Jansson, J.-H., Jousilahti, P., Kampman, E., Kontto, J., Kubinova, R., Leenders, M., Linneberg, A., Lochen, M.-L., Lorbeer, R., Malyutina, S., Mathiesen, E.B., Melhus, H., Michaëlsson, K., Njolstad, I., Orsini, N., Pajak, A., Pikhart, H., Pisinger, C., Salomaa, V., Sánchez, M.-J., Sans, S., Schaan, B., Schneider, A., Siganos, G., Söderberg, S., Streppel, M., Tamošiunas, A., Veronesi, G., Waterham, E., Wennberg, P., and on behalf of the CHANCES consortium
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Gerontology ,Male ,Time Factors ,Epidemiology ,Overweight ,Body Mass Index ,Cohort Studies ,Tumours of the digestive tract Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 14] ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Neoplasms ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cancer ,2. Zero hunger ,Overweight and cancer risk ,Hazard ratio ,Smoking ,Cohort ,Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic ,Middle Aged ,3. Good health ,Europe ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Cohort study ,Hormone Replacement Therapy ,Article ,Diabetes Complications ,03 medical and health sciences ,Breast cancer ,Sex Factors ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Journal Article ,medicine ,Humans ,Obesity ,CHANCES ,VLAG ,Aged ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Global Nutrition ,Wereldvoeding ,Cancer prevention ,Epidemiologic ,business.industry ,Prevention ,medicine.disease ,Confounding Factors ,United States ,Ageing ,business ,Body mass index ,Demography - Abstract
Recent studies have shown that cancer risk related to overweight and obesity is mediated by time and might be better approximated by using life years lived with excess weight. In this study we aimed to assess the impact of overweight duration and intensity in older adults on the risk of developing different forms of cancer. Study participants from seven European and one US cohort study with two or more weight assessments during follow-up were included (n = 329,576). Trajectories of body mass index (BMI) across ages were estimated using a quadratic growth model; overweight duration (BMI = 25) and cumulative weighted overweight years were calculated. In multivariate Cox models and random effects analyses, a longer duration of overweight was significantly associated with the incidence of obesity-related cancer [overall hazard ratio (HR) per 10-year increment: 1.36; 95 % CI 1.12–1.60], but also increased the risk of postmenopausal breast and colorectal cancer. Additionally accounting for the degree of overweight further increased the risk of obesity-related cancer. Risks associated with a longer overweight duration were higher in men than in women and were attenuated by smoking. For postmenopausal breast cancer, increased risks were confined to women who never used hormone therapy. Overall, 8.4 % of all obesity-related cancers could be attributed to overweight at any age. These findings provide further insights into the role of overweight duration in the etiology of cancer and indicate that weight control is relevant at all ages. This knowledge is vital for the development of effective and targeted cancer prevention strategies. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
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- 2016
18. Nicotine Replacement Therapy in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: Recommendations for Effective Use.
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Pisinger, C., Wennike, P., and Tønnesen, P.
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- *
SMOKING , *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases - Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a very important causative factor in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Smoking increases the risk of acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina and sudden death, and it is a risk factor for recurrent episodes of these diseases. It is well documented that patients with CVD who stop smoking, decrease their risk of future events markedly. Smoking cessation is obviously very important in this category of patients, and it has been demonstrated in several trials that the use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) markedly improves the long term smoking cessation rates in healthy individuals, with further improvement in the rate if additional supportive adjunctive behavioural therapy is offered. The use of NRT products for CVD patients has been, however, sparsely investigated: only 2 randomised placebo-controlled trials of NRT in these patients have been published. This fact, and the fact that nicotine has sympathomimetic effects, which lead to increased heart rate, increased blood pressure and coronary vasoconstriction, probably causes doctors to hesitate before using NRT products in this setting. In this paper we review relevant literature on this subject and explore the efficacy and tolerability of NRT in CVD patients, which in this context is limited to patients with ischaemic heart diseases and arrhythmias. Patients with hypertension, stroke or peripheral vascular diseases are not discussed, due to lack of investigations in these fields. We present recommendations for doses and duration of NRT in patients with CVD that, due to the few studies in this field, are mainly based on parallels from findings in healthy individuals. The conclusion of the 2 existing randomised placebo-controlled studies was that nicotine patches are well tolerated by patients with stable angina, and that the use of nicotine patches increases short term smoking cessation rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 1999
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19. Smoking and All-cause Mortality in Older Adults: Results From the CHANCES Consortium
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Müezzinler A, Mons U, Gellert C, Schöttker B, Jansen E, Kee F, Doherty Mg, O., Kuulasmaa K, Nd, Freedman, Cc, Abnet, Wolk A, Håkansson N, Orsini N, Wilsgaard T, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Yt, Schouw, Ph, Peeters, Lc, Groot, Peters A, Orfanos P, Linneberg A, Pisinger C, Tamosiunas A, Baceviciene M, Luksiene D, Bernotiene G, Jousilahti P, Petterson-Kymmer U, Jh, Jansson, Söderberg S, Eriksson S, Jankovic N, Mj, Sánchez, Giovanni Veronesi, Sans S, Drygas W, Trichopoulou A, Boffetta P, Brenner H, Müezzinler, A., Mons, U., Gellert, C., Schöttker, B., Jansen, E., Kee, F., O'Doherty, M.G., Kuulasmaa, K., Freedman, N.D., Abnet, C.C., Wolk, A., Håkansson, N., Orsini, N., Wilsgaard, T., Bueno-De-Mesquita, B., Van Der Schouw, Y.T., Peeters, P.H.M., De Groot, L.C.P.G.M., Peters, A., Orfanos, P., Linneberg, A., Pisinger, C., Tamosiunas, A., Baceviciene, M., Luksiene, D., Bernotiene, G., Jousilahti, P., Petterson-Kymmer, U., Jansson, J.H., Söderberg, S., Eriksson, S., Jankovic, N., Sánchez, M.-J., Veronesi, G., Sans, S., Drygas, W., Trichopoulou, A., Boffetta, P., and Brenner, H.
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Aged, 80 and over ,Male ,Epidemiology ,Smoking ,Environmental and Occupational Health ,Age Factors ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Middle Aged ,United States ,Cohort Studies ,Europe ,Risk Factors ,Smoking and All-cause Mortality ,Humans ,Female ,Smoking Cessation ,Public Health ,Mortality ,Aged ,Proportional Hazards Models - Abstract
Introduction Smoking is known to be a major cause of death among middle-aged adults, but evidence on its impact and the benefits of smoking cessation among older adults has remained limited. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the influence of smoking and smoking cessation on all-cause mortality in people aged =60 years. Methods Relative mortality and mortality rate advancement periods (RAPs) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards models for the population-based prospective cohort studies from Europe and the U.S. (CHANCES [Consortium on Health and Ageing: Network of Cohorts in Europe and the U.S.]), and subsequently pooled by individual participant meta-analysis. Statistical analyses were performed from June 2013 to March 2014. Results A total of 489,056 participants aged =60 years at baseline from 22 population-based cohort studies were included. Overall, 99,298 deaths were recorded. Current smokers had 2-fold and former smokers had 1.3-fold increased mortality compared with never smokers. These increases in mortality translated to RAPs of 6.4 (95% CI=4.8, 7.9) and 2.4 (95% CI=1.5, 3.4) years, respectively. A clear positive dose-response relationship was observed between number of currently smoked cigarettes and mortality. For former smokers, excess mortality and RAPs decreased with time since cessation, with RAPs of 3.9 (95% CI=3.0, 4.7), 2.7 (95% CI=1.8, 3.6), and 0.7 (95% CI=0.2, 1.1) for those who had quit
20. Genome-wide meta-analysis of 241,258 adults accounting for smoking behaviour identifies novel loci for obesity traits
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Justice, AE, Winkler, TW, Feitosa, MF, Graff, M, Fisher, VA, Young, K, Barata, L, Deng, X, Czajkowski, J, Hadley, D, Ngwa, JS, Ahluwalia, TS, Chu, AY, Heard-Costa, NL, Lim, E, Perez, J, Eicher, JD, Kutalik, Z, Xue, L, Mahajan, A, Renström, F, Wu, J, Qi, Q, Ahmad, S, Alfred, T, Amin, N, Bielak, LF, Bonnefond, A, Bragg, J, Cadby, G, Chittani, M, Coggeshall, S, Corre, T, Direk, N, Eriksson, J, Fischer, K, Gorski, M, Neergaard Harder, M, Horikoshi, M, Huang, T, Huffman, JE, Jackson, AU, Justesen, JM, Kanoni, S, Kinnunen, L, Kleber, ME, Komulainen, P, Kumari, M, Lim, U, Luan, J, Lyytikäinen, L-P, Mangino, M, Manichaikul, A, Marten, J, Middelberg, RPS, Müller-Nurasyid, M, Navarro, P, Pérusse, L, Pervjakova, N, Sarti, C, Smith, AV, Smith, JA, Stančáková, A, Strawbridge, RJ, Stringham, HM, Sung, YJ, Tanaka, T, Teumer, A, Trompet, S, Van Der Laan, SW, Van Der Most, PJ, Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, JV, Vedantam, SL, Verweij, N, Vink, JM, Vitart, V, Wu, Y, Yengo, L, Zhang, W, Hua Zhao, J, Zimmermann, ME, Zubair, N, Abecasis, GR, Adair, LS, Afaq, S, Afzal, U, Bakker, SJL, Bartz, TM, Beilby, J, Bergman, RN, Bergmann, S, Biffar, R, Blangero, J, Boerwinkle, E, Bonnycastle, LL, Bottinger, E, Braga, D, Buckley, BM, Buyske, S, Campbell, H, Chambers, JC, Collins, FS, Curran, JE, De Borst, GJ, De Craen, AJM, De Geus, EJC, Dedoussis, G, Delgado, GE, Den Ruijter, HM, Eiriksdottir, G, Eriksson, AL, Esko, T, Faul, JD, Ford, I, Forrester, T, Gertow, K, Gigante, B, Glorioso, N, Gong, J, Grallert, H, Grammer, TB, Grarup, N, Haitjema, S, Hallmans, G, Hamsten, A, Hansen, T, Harris, TB, Hartman, CA, Hassinen, M, Hastie, ND, Heath, AC, Hernandez, D, Hindorff, L, Hocking, LJ, Hollensted, M, Holmen, OL, Homuth, G, Jan Hottenga, J, Huang, J, Hung, J, Hutri-Kähönen, N, Ingelsson, E, James, AL, Jansson, J-O, Jarvelin, M-R, Jhun, MA, Jørgensen, ME, Juonala, M, Kähönen, M, Karlsson, M, Koistinen, HA, Kolcic, I, Kolovou, G, Kooperberg, C, Krämer, BK, Kuusisto, J, Kvaløy, K, Lakka, TA, Langenberg, C, Launer, LJ, Leander, K, Lee, NR, Lind, L, Lindgren, CM, Linneberg, A, Lobbens, S, Loh, M, Lorentzon, M, Luben, R, Lubke, G, Ludolph-Donislawski, A, Lupoli, S, Madden, PAF, Männikkö, R, Marques-Vidal, P, Martin, NG, McKenzie, CA, McKnight, B, Mellström, D, Menni, C, Montgomery, GW, Musk, AB, Narisu, N, Nauck, M, Nolte, IM, Oldehinkel, AJ, Olden, M, Ong, KK, Padmanabhan, S, Peyser, PA, Pisinger, C, Porteous, DJ, Raitakari, OT, Rankinen, T, Rao, DC, Rasmussen-Torvik, LJ, Rawal, R, Rice, T, Ridker, PM, Rose, LM, Bien, SA, Rudan, I, Sanna, S, Sarzynski, MA, Sattar, N, Savonen, K, Schlessinger, D, Scholtens, S, Schurmann, C, Scott, RA, Sennblad, B, Siemelink, MA, Silbernagel, G, Slagboom, PE, Snieder, H, Staessen, JA, Stott, DJ, Swertz, MA, Swift, AJ, Taylor, KD, Tayo, BO, Thorand, B, Thuillier, D, Tuomilehto, J, Uitterlinden, AG, Vandenput, L, Vohl, M-C, Völzke, H, Vonk, JM, Waeber, G, Waldenberger, M, Westendorp, RGJ, Wild, S, Willemsen, G, Wolffenbuttel, BHR, Wong, A, Wright, AF, Zhao, W, Zillikens, MC, Baldassarre, D, Balkau, B, Bandinelli, S, Böger, CA, Boomsma, DI, Bouchard, C, Bruinenberg, M, Chasman, DI, Chen, Y-D, Chines, PS, Cooper, RS, Cucca, F, Cusi, D, Faire, UD, Ferrucci, L, Franks, PW, Froguel, P, Gordon-Larsen, P, Grabe, H-J, Gudnason, V, Haiman, CA, Hayward, C, Hveem, K, Johnson, AD, Wouter Jukema, J, Kardia, SLR, Kivimaki, M, Kooner, JS, Kuh, D, Laakso, M, Lehtimäki, T, Marchand, LL, März, W, McCarthy, MI, Metspalu, A, Morris, AP, Ohlsson, C, Palmer, LJ, Pasterkamp, G, Pedersen, O, Peters, A, Peters, U, Polasek, O, Psaty, BM, Qi, L, Rauramaa, R, Smith, BH, Sørensen, TIA, Strauch, K, Tiemeier, H, Tremoli, E, Van Der Harst, P, Vestergaard, H, Vollenweider, P, Wareham, NJ, Weir, DR, Whitfield, JB, Wilson, JF, Tyrrell, J, Frayling, TM, Barroso, I, Boehnke, M, Deloukas, P, Fox, CS, Hirschhorn, JN, Hunter, DJ, Spector, TD, Strachan, DP, Van Duijn, CM, Heid, IM, Mohlke, KL, Marchini, J, Loos, RJF, Kilpeläinen, TO, Liu, C-T, Borecki, IB, North, KE, and Cupples, LA
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Adult ,Waist-Hip Ratio ,Quantitative Trait Loci ,Smoking ,Epistasis, Genetic ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,3. Good health ,Body Mass Index ,Phenotype ,Body Fat Distribution ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Obesity ,Waist Circumference ,Adiposity ,Genome-Wide Association Study - Abstract
Few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) account for environmental exposures, like smoking, potentially impacting the overall trait variance when investigating the genetic contribution to obesity-related traits. Here, we use GWAS data from 51,080 current smokers and 190,178 nonsmokers (87% European descent) to identify loci influencing BMI and central adiposity, measured as waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio both adjusted for BMI. We identify 23 novel genetic loci, and 9 loci with convincing evidence of gene-smoking interaction (GxSMK) on obesity-related traits. We show consistent direction of effect for all identified loci and significance for 18 novel and for 5 interaction loci in an independent study sample. These loci highlight novel biological functions, including response to oxidative stress, addictive behaviour, and regulatory functions emphasizing the importance of accounting for environment in genetic analyses. Our results suggest that tobacco smoking may alter the genetic susceptibility to overall adiposity and body fat distribution.
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