Search

To determine whether scores from the two most widely-used Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) and Standard for Logarithmic Visual Acuity (SLVA) acuity charts are comparable.

This study aims to scope the literature around PrEP/PEP in India. The Objectives of the study are; 1) To review the attitudes towards PrEP/PEP among people at risk of HIV in India 2) To summarize the evidence related to the attitudes towards PrEP/PEP among healthcare professionals in India.

This systematic review will synthesise the literature pertaining to psychophysiological measurement of cognitive processing during and after cancer. The following protocol was developed using the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement

The gap between research evidence and policy-making is a persistent issue, resulting in an inefficient use of resources and an inadequate response to public issues. Knowledge translation aims to bridge this gap by developing evidence-based formats that disseminate, understand and use information in real-world settings. Policy briefs are one such format that can assist policymakers to make evidence-informed decisions, yet there is no standardisation on how and when to conduct policy briefs. With this scoping review we aim to give an overview of recommendations and guidelines regarding the structure, format, lengths, layout and key characteristics of policy briefs to inform policy decision-making from health science academia. Further, we will explore the point in time at which those policy briefs should be developed and how they can be disseminated and evaluated. Relevant literature will be searched in PubMed, Embase as well as through additional manual searches. Eligibility screening will be conducted by two independent reviewers. Data will be extracted and synthesised alongside pre-defined items.

This is a protocol for a scoping review to explore the approaches that have been used to influence leisure participation following stroke.

Food insecurity (FI), “the state of being without reliable access to sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food” (USDA ERS - Measurement, n.d.), is associated with poor dietary quality and poor health outcomes including an increased risk of obesity (Aggarwal et al., 2011). A worldwide public health issue, obesity is interwoven with another global concern, climate change (An et al., 2018; Trentinaglia et al., 2021). Adherence to government recommendations around healthy eating not only incur benefits to health but could reduce an individual’s environmental footprint through associated reductions in greenhouse gas emission (Scheelbeek et al., 2020). The retail space offers an opportunity to promote the purchase and consumption of healthy, environmentally sustainable foods for people living with obesity (PLWO) and FI. The review will explore existing interventions developed to improve dietary quality of PLWO and FI, delivered in food retail settings and examine the extent to which the environmental impact of such interventions has been considered. The review will be conducted in line with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Manual for Scoping Reviews. A search strategy, developed by experienced librarians at Robert Gordon University and the research team will be run in Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Titles and abstracts will be screened independently by two reviewers. Studies will be selected for inclusion in line with predetermined criteria. The data will be analysed descriptively and summarised in tabular format. The scoping review aims to establish the content, delivery and the effectiveness of food retail-based interventions aimed at improving the dietary quality and manage weight of PLWO and FI. The review will explore what, if any, role the environmental sustainability of foods plays in the purchasing behaviours of this population. Review findings will be used to help guide intervention development, presented at academic conferences and published in an academic journal.

Mindfulness-based interventions have been reported to have significant physical, mental, and social health benefits. Current research supports the utilization of such practices for the treatment of chronic pain, stress, and illness. Mindfulness-based interventions have also been observed to provide positive benefits for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities as well as individuals with chronic mental health diagnoses. However, individuals with physical disabilities are often excluded from this research and have limited access or inclusion in mindfulness-based interventions as they are inherently developed for able-bodied individuals. Nor is there enough research supporting this limitation or efforts to mitigate the significant barrier to such a profound coping mechanism for this population of individuals. Therefore, this protocol is informing on a scoping review of modified mindfulness-based interventions for individuals with physical disabilities.

Every aspect of a person’s life is affected by spinal cord injury. The physical, psychological, cognitive and emotional effects of the injury affect not only the person but also their support network, impacting their ability to participate in meaningful life roles. Life expectancy is also significantly affected by spinal cord injury, with life-limiting comorbidities in addition to the physical and cognitive effects of ageing. Despite an increase in life expectancy for people with spinal cord injury (NSW Agency for Clinical Innovation, 2014) due to improvements in medical treatment, rehabilitation and support services, additional challenges remain. Common concerns about functional independence, engagement in social, leisure and work activities and maintaining quality of life for people with a spinal cord injury may be magnified as they grow older. Currently, medical and psychosocial support is focussed on acute and rehabilitation stages and period of transition back into the community immediately post discharge, and specialist support to age well with a spinal cord injury is rare. This study investigates the effects of ageing on Australians with a spinal cord injury, the supports available and suggested improvements that may facilitate this cohort to optimise their health and wellbeing and continue to engage in meaningful and purposeful life roles as they grow older with a disability. Aims: - Review how the ageing process affects people with SCI from a physical, psychosocial and cognitive perspective. - Identify how different consumers approach the process of aging with a spinal cord injury. - Identify the health, community and aged care services available for this demographic in developing countries - Review the approach and attitudes of health, aged care and community professionals to working with this demographic. Objective: Investigate the experience of aging of this demographic. There is currently limited information on the experience or quality of life of those aging with a SCI. (Jorgensen, Andersson, & Lexell, 2021; Lundstrom, Lilja, Gray, & Isaksson, 2015). With this demographic increasing, it is therefore imperative from an economic and social perspective that further research is undertaken to determine strategies to support and optimise quality of life for this cohort. This scoping review will identify scope of current knowledge wrt to the requirements for people with a SCI to age well, the supports available and identify gaps to be further investigated.

This is a registration of a protocol for a scoping review on strategies for training and involving laypeople in health technology assessment.

This is the preregistration of the protocol for a scoping review. The objective of this scoping review is to understand how the development of culinary skills in childhood and adolescence happens, as well as to outline the existing concepts in the literature on the subject. In addition, understanding family relationships related to the development of culinary skills in the context of childhood and adolescence.

This global health research project focuses on a neglected condition (albinism) and the health inequities and human rights violations faced by mothers who give birth to a baby with albinism. For many women, the delivery marks the beginning of a sequelae of life-altering societal responses that ultimately prevent her and her baby from the full enjoyment of their human rights. Giving birth to a baby with albinism can precipitate abandonment by family and community, intimate partner violence, and precarity. A synthesis of the evidence regarding the experiences surrounding the birth of a baby with albinism for family members and their carers in Africa is needed to inform research and practice. Specifically, this synthesis will support a broader ongoing study exploring how the perinatal experiences of mothers who give birth to a baby with albinism can be improved through health services, health professions education, and the development of equity-oriented and contextually relevant educational strategies, with the overarching aim of promoting, protecting, and fulfilling their human rights. This evidence synthesis is the first phase of four of our study (to read more: www.motheringandalbinism.com). As we are taking a participatory approach, it will facilitate an interdisciplinary dialogue with our intersectoral network to come to a shared understanding of key concepts and findings to inform our collective work. No other evidence synthesis was found on this topic and this knowledge is crucial to support the development of our equity-oriented and contextually relevant educational strategies. Although we had conducted previous synthesis work on albinism and human rights (Reimer-Kirkham et al., 2019; Reimer-Kirkham et al., in review), the focus of this current synthesis is distinct as it targets the perinatal period and broadens the scope to health professions education. This synthesis will inform the next phases of our study and gather insights from relevant sources to present a comprehensive synthesis of birthing experiences of mothers, families, and carers to the birth of a baby with albinism in sub-Saharan Africa.

The main aim of the intended project is to reduce feeling of procedural pain (when changing bandages) in burn patients through a developed and pilot-verified application for virtual reality (hereinafter VR). The first study on this topic was conducted in the US on two pediatric patients (Hoffmann et al. 2000). In addition to pharmacological pain therapy, there are a number of non-pharmacological options (eg, relaxation techniques) that are based on distracting attention from the feeling of pain. VR appears to be the most promising of these options and, in addition to distraction, it also reduces anxiety and depressive symptoms and enhances patient cooperation (Scapin et al. 2018). The studies also agree on the beneficial role of immersivity; a sense of immersion in VR (Tribert et al. 2014).

This systematic review is investigating the effects of psychological stress on musculoskeletal tissue health.

The aim of this scoping review is to create an overview about existing measuring parameters for pain-related and movement-related fear and the underlying constructs.

The objective of this scoping review is to examine how researchers incorporate technology in behaviour analytic studies focused on increasing physical activity.

Genetic and genomic technologies can effectively diagnose multiple genetic disorders. Guidelines recommend genetic counselling accompany genetic testing. Yet, there is a gap in knowledge regarding the genetic counselling considerations with genetic testing in the NICU and PICU. This scoping review will be conducted to identify the gaps in care and understand which areas are in need to be improve clinical care for patients, parents, and healthcare providers. The aim of this scoping review is to provide an overview of published, peer-reviewed, and other literature on the genetic/genomic counselling considerations with genetic testing of critically ill infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and patients in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs). The objective is to determine the gaps in care with respect to genetic counselling for infants undergoing genetic and genomic testing with considerations of parents and healthcare providers.Studies that include/cover/review/analyze the genetic counselling process in NICUs and/or PICUs using any genetic testing tool (for example: genome, exome, whole genome, whole exome sequencing, chromosomal microarray analysis, and multigene panels). The studies will be limited to English language only due to the resources available to the research team. We acknowledge potential bias this may introduce. Publication type will include both peer-reviewed journal articles and targeted grey literature. The included articles will consider critically ill newborns who are patients in the NICU. PICU was added since infants with heart defects are transferred to the PICU in British Columbia, Canada. Articles that include other groups, such as parents and health care providers, who are involved in genetic/ genomic counselling in NICU and PICU, will also be included. The study design will not be restricted in an attempt to map the literature and identify knowledge gaps in these care settings. This scoping review will follow the format outlined by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA_Scr) guidelines. The databases, which include MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ebsco), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and CINHAL (Ebsco), will be searched using a prescribed search strategy created with the assistance of a research librarian. Articles that meet the inclusion criteria will be included and analyzed as they related to the research question. The identified sources will initially be screened (titles and abstracts) by two independent reviewers. Sources that are duplicates or do not conform to the inclusion criteria will be excluded at the initial stage. The second screening will be conducted using full-text studies by the same two independent reviewers to analyse the inclusion of studies.

The impact of introducing sit-stand desks in the workplace for a healthier aging: a randomized controlled trial in sedentary adults

Background & Rationale Scientific journals publish scholarly articles and provide an important platform for transparent presentation, exchange, and discussion of new scientific developments. Peer review, though often criticized, plays an integral role in ensuring integrity and quality in this scientific process. Given its importance, it is surprising that the scientific peer review and editorial processes generally remain fully absent in the curricula of advanced academic programs. Indeed, in Publon’s 2018 report on the global state of peer review, 88% of survey respondents indicated that peer review training is important or extremely important for ensuring high quality peer review (Publons and Publons, 2018). Furthermore, a 2016 study of 170,000 researchers conducted by Wiley found that 77% of reviewers expressed interest in receiving further training (Warne, 2016). Nevertheless, many scientists report lacking guidance on how to review a scientific paper (Mulligan, Hall and Raphael, 2013). As a result, the first peer reviews performed by early-career researchers (ECRs) are often conducted in a self-guided, “learning-by-doing” setting, which can jeopardize quality and timeliness. Due to the steadily growing number of articles submitted every day and lack of incentives to peer review, journals report increasing difficulties in finding high-quality reviewers willing to accept review invitations (Heinemann, 2015; Publons and Publons, 2018). This was exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic (Kurth et al., 2020). Illustrating a further challenge, a 2020 study found that 12% of reviews included unprofessional comments, while 41% of reviews were incomplete, inaccurate or contained unsubstantiated critiques (Gerwing et al., 2020). Although several peer review training resources are available (EQUATOR network, 2021) it remains unclear to what extent new reviewers use these (largely online) tools and if they are effective. Of the few published studies on the topic, it appears that short duration training (Schroter et al., 2004), receiving written feedback from editors (Callaham, Knopp and Gallagher, 2002), or simply matching new reviewers with experienced ones (Houry, Green and Callaham, 2012; Wong et al., 2017) are of limited value in the attempt to improve quality. To date, we only identified two rather informal efforts to explicitly engage students in peer review. The studies were descriptive in nature, lacked formal assessment, and were small in scope (Xu et al., 2016; Podder et al., 2018). In fact, most published studies describing peer review training interventions lack rigorous evaluation, transparency in reporting, sufficient sample size and hands-on, “real world” application. Project Conceptualization At the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, doctoral students increasingly pursue cumulative, publication-based dissertation projects instead of monographs, while generally having little or no prior publication experience. Unsurprisingly, these students seek coursework that goes beyond basic scientific writing and introductions to statistics. They seek exposure to best practices in modern study design and data analysis strategies employed in cutting-edge biomedical research. To address all the aforementioned gaps and engage students in a meaningful, hands-on way, we created an elective course for students in the Health Data Sciences (HDS) PhD Program in 2019: https://iph.charite.de/en/academic_programs/phd_in_health_data_sciences/peerspectives/ The basic structure was a series of four interactive lectures with take-home assignments followed by four hands-on workshops. In the workshops, groups of four students were paired with a mentor with journal editing experience (workshop leaders) to produce four peer review reports for manuscripts that were currently under consideration at a journal partner (see the “Intervention” section for details). Our pilot study of Peerspectives with four participants indicated it provided relevant training and was well-received by the students, editor-mentors, and partner journal’s staff. As a next step, after increasing the program’s capacity to accommodate larger groups over several semesters, we seek to gain insights into the effectiveness of the program. Setting and participants Following a pilot in summer of 2019, we began offering Peerspectives as a recurring semester-long elective course at the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Germany). The course was led by instructors affiliated with the Health Data Sciences PhD program and students could earn 4 credits towards their studies upon successful completion. In the first semester run of the course (October 2020 - March 2021), due to limited capacity and high demand spots in the course were initially offered to doctoral students enrolled in the Health Data Sciences PhD program and remaining spots were then made available to other doctoral students in the biomedical sciences both at the Charité and other national and international institutions through an application process. Interested students were asked to provide details about prior training in epidemiology and (bio)statistics as well as to detail their motivation to participate, which were used for participant selection. Students not selected were encouraged to re-apply for future runs of the course. In the second, third, and fourth runs of the course (April 2021 - August 2021, October 2021 - March 2022, and April 2022 to August 2022), recent post-docs as well as Master’s students in higher semesters, nearing completion of their graduate programs, were also invited to apply for the course. During these recruitment periods, we also advertised the course more intensively outside of our institution in a targeted effort to reach interested students from international universities and those with more diverse academic backgrounds (e.g. fields adjacent to the health data sciences). Course instructors, coordinators, former students, and workshop leaders were encouraged to help spread the word in their networks and on social media. The maximum course capacity was contingent on the number of available workshop leaders each semester. In the four runs of the course, we enrolled approximately 20 students per semester. Once the students were offered a spot in the Peerspectives course, they were asked whether they were interested in participating in the scientific evaluation study (see next section). Recruitment/Enrollment All students who were selected to take part in the Peerspectives course were asked whether they would like to participate in our scientific evaluation study. If so, they were asked to provide written informed consent after reviewing the detailed, written participant information materials. Students were informed that their choice to participate in the scientific study would in no way influence their ability to successfully pass the course and receive the 4 credit points. During the course, neither instructors nor workshop leaders were aware whether a student in the course was participating in the evaluation study. We continued enrollment until the minimum sample size target was exceeded (see below). Ethical Considerations The evaluation study of Peerspectives received approval from the ethics committee of the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin on 17.11.2020 (EA4/190/20). Intervention The semester-long Peerspectives course provides peer review training in a hybrid structure. Due to the circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic and to accommodate interested students outside of Berlin, all runs of the course (after the pilot) were held fully online via Zoom. The first half of the course consists of four interactive lectures of 180 minutes led by faculty of the Health Data Sciences PhD Program at the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin focused on (1) the role of scientific journals, editors, peer reviewers, and authors in scientific publishing; (2) sex and gender related aspects in peer review, ethical guidelines for peer review, and open science; (3) the conduct of peer review, including step-by-step guidance on how to write a constructive peer review report; and (4) a live demonstration of drafting a peer review report for a “real” scientific manuscript currently under review at the partner journal. Following each lecture, students are given a reflection assignment to be completed and submitted before discussing as a large group at the start of the next session. In the second half of the course, students work together in assigned, small groups to produce a peer-review report for each of the four “live” manuscripts provided by the partnering scientific journal. For every workshop group, four course participants are paired with one workshop leader who has prior peer-review and editing experience for a scientific journal (“editor-mentor”). These editor-mentors are recruited from a growing personal network of the course creators; they participate on a voluntary basis without remuneration; and, they are in no way involved in handling of or decision-making regarding the manuscripts under review at the partner journal level. Prior to each workshop meeting, the students draft the peer review report together, with a different student taking the lead organizational role each week. The draft report is then discussed and revised together with the workshop leader in a 180-minute workshop meeting. Once all workshop group members and the workshop leader approve the final review report, it is submitted to the journal by the workshop leader also on behalf of the trainee group (crediting all group members by name). Upon receipt of the journal’s decision on the paper, the workshop leader disseminates comments from the editors and other peer reviewers to all workshop group members and the group has a chance to discuss these together. Attendance at all lectures and workshops, as well as submission of homework assignments, and active participation in the workshops is required to receive course credit. In extenuating circumstances, make-up assignments are provided to compensate for missed sessions. When not possible, only a certificate of attendance (without credit points) is issued. Assessments and procedures All course participants, regardless of whether they were also participants in the evaluation study, were required to sign a confidentiality agreement with the partnering journal developed for the purposes of Peerspectives, since the manuscripts used in the course are “live” and contemporaneously under review at the partnering journal. In addition to providing written informed consent, all evaluation study participants were further asked to provide information about their age, gender, educational background and prior methods training, and any prior reviewing experience on a short questionnaire. Before starting the course, all study participants are asked to complete an online pre-course survey to self-assess their own levels of knowledge and relevant skills. The same 8-question survey is administered again after the conclusion of the course, with additional room for students to provide feedback about the course to the instructors. To assess the effectiveness of the Peerspectives course as part of a semester of doctoral studies, we will evaluate the program using a pre-/post-assessment comparison. For this purpose, all study participants are requested to draft a peer review report of a manuscript on their own once before (“pre-course assessment”) and once after completing the course (“post-course assessment”) under simulated real-world conditions. Accordingly, participants are told that they may use any resources available to them (“open-book”); however, they are explicitly instructed to work on these review reports alone and not in consultation with others. To mimic real-world peer review conditions, participants are given two weeks to complete the assessment task. Reminders are sent to any participants who had not yet submitted their reports one week before the deadline, one day before the deadline, and on the day of the deadline (to simulate a real-world reviewing experience). Participants may request a one-week extension of the deadline, in which case, they are again sent reminders at the same intervals leading up to the new, extended deadline. In cases of non-responding participants, to mimic the chasing mechanisms for unfinished peer reviews used by many journal’s manuscript submission management systems, up to three additional reminders are sent until the peer review report is received. Following the conclusion of a sufficient number of runs of the course to reach the sample size needed for the scientific evaluation, all submitted pre- and post- course assessments will be sent to trained assessors (experienced editors at a partnering scientific journal) under a pseudonym and scored using the validated Review Quality Instrument (RQI), version 3.2 (van Rooyen, Black and Godlee, 1999). References: Callaham, M.L., Knopp, R.K. and Gallagher, E.J. (2002) ‘Effect of written feedback by editors on quality of reviews: two randomized trials’, JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association, 287(21), pp. 2781–2783. EQUATOR network (2021) Peer review training and resources. Available at: https://www.equator-network.org/toolkits/peer-reviewing-research/peer-review-training-and-resources/#PRTraining (Accessed: 4 March 2021). Gerwing, T.G. et al. (2020) ‘Quantifying professionalism in peer review’, Research integrity and peer review, 5, p. 9. Heinemann, L. (2015) ‘Reviewer: an endangered species?!’, Journal of diabetes science and technology, 9(2), pp. 167–168. Houry, D., Green, S. and Callaham, M. (2012) ‘Does mentoring new peer reviewers improve review quality? A randomized trial’, BMC medical education, 12, p. 83. Kurth, T. et al. (2020) ‘Parallel pandemic: The crush of covid-19 publications tests the capacity of scientific publishing’, BMJ [Preprint]. Mulligan, A., Hall, L. and Raphael, E. (2013) ‘Peer review in a changing world: An international study measuring the attitudes of researchers’, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology , 64(1), pp. 132–161. Podder, V. et al. (2018) ‘Collective Conversational Peer Review of Journal Submission: A Tool to Integrate Medical Education and Practice’, Annals of neurosciences, 25(2), pp. 112–119. Publons and Publons (2018) ‘Publons’ Global State Of Peer Review 2018’. doi:10.14322/publons.gspr2018. van Rooyen, S. et al. (1999) ‘Effect of open peer review on quality of reviews and on reviewers’ recommendations: a randomised trial’, BMJ , 318(7175), pp. 23–27. van Rooyen, S., Black, N. and Godlee, F. (1999) ‘Development of the review quality instrument (RQI) for assessing peer reviews of manuscripts’, Journal of clinical epidemiology, 52(7), pp. 625–629. Schroter, S. et al. (2004) ‘Effects of training on quality of peer review: randomised controlled trial’, BMJ, p. 673. doi:10.1136/bmj.38023.700775.ae. Warne, V. (2016) ‘Rewarding reviewers - sense or sensibility? A Wiley study explained’, Learned Publishing, pp. 41–50. doi:10.1002/leap.1002. Wong, V.S.S. et al. (2017) ‘Mentored peer review of standardized manuscripts as a teaching tool for residents: a pilot randomized controlled multi-center study’, Research Integrity and Peer Review. doi:10.1186/s41073-017-0032-0. Xu, J. et al. (2016) ‘Mentored peer reviewing for PhD faculty and students’, Nurse education today, 37, pp. 1–2.

COVID-19 conspiracy rhetoric has been rampant throughout the pandemic. As a result, vaccination rates in many developed countries have not been ideal despite substantial public spending. If conspiracy theories about COVID-19 vaccination proliferate, it can discourage people from taking vaccines. To address this timely issue with global health consequences, we examine if conspiracy mentality – the general tendency to adopt a conspiratorial frame of thinking, is related to populist sentiments, which drive vaccine hesitation. The finding from our exploratory supports the hypothesis that individuals high in conspiracy mentality are more likely to mistrust experts, which in turn predicts vaccine hesitancy. This finding begs another key question: What can we do to counteract mistrust? The vaccine advocacy literature has suggested that communicating the prosocial benefits of herd immunity may buffer vaccine hesitation. The decision to vaccinate can be conceived as a trade-off between costs incurred (e.g., time and monetary resources, inconvenience, and potential side effects) and benefits of personal protection and herd immunity. With higher conspiracy mentality, individuals may perceive more vaccine risks and emphasize the costs (vs. benefits) associated with vaccination. However, research revealed that if the benefits of herd immunity are made salient, individuals may be motivated by collective benefits and reduce their reluctance to get vaccinated. In the proposed experiment, we hypothesize that highlighting the prosocial benefit of head immunity may offset the perceived cost of trusting experts due to people’s conspiracy mindset. To this prediction, we designed an experiment manipulating herd immunity communication and assessing participants’ vaccine hesitancy and intention to be vaccinated against a fictitious pathogen.

A scoping review protocol aiming at mapping and characterize the literature regarding the positive and negative psychological aspects of parents of individuals with Rett syndrome in all ages.

Polarization is a process that occurs deliberately in a group of people in which, after internal discussions, they tend to support more extreme opinions. Although this phenomenon can hamper the progress of science, little is known about its effects on scientific digital messages. In this context, this scoping review aims to detect characteristics of polarized scientific digital messages regarding scientific publications, science communication or specialized discourses. The results of this scoping review will support the further development of a conceptual framework for the identification of polarized scientific messages.

A qualitative study designed to assess attitudes towards male and female sterilization to better understand the decision making process behind choosing this contraceptive method and identify areas for future research as trends in sterilization rates have begun to change in response to new restrictions to access to abortion and add to the limited literature that focuses on sterilization in particular.

Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to understand the extent and type of research that has been conducted regarding sexual trauma revictimization among military personnel and veterans. Introduction: Military sexual trauma (MST) is a traumatic event that has become a growing concern in all branches of the U.S. military. Despite preventative efforts by the Department of Defense and the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), the incidence of sexual abuse among service members has been increasing. Between the years of 1997-2015, rates of MST have increased by 200% (Collette, 2021), and the VHA estimates that 33% of women and 2% of men have suffered sexual abuse during their time in the military (U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, 2021). Many of these individuals go on to suffer negative physical and mental health outcomes such as PTSD, depression, eating disorders, emotion dysregulation, substance use disorder, and even further sexual trauma (Walker et al., 2017). Sexual abuse revictimization is a concerning outcome of sexual trauma that results in similar symptoms of the original sexual abuse, but with a greater risk (Arata, 2002). A multitude of reviews of the extant literature on revictimization have been published over the last two decades synthesizing the current evidence that has established sexual trauma, in all stages of development: childhood, adolescence, and adulthood, as a risk factor for future sexual abuse. Critically, a recent review by Walker et al. (2017) found that individuals who experience sexual abuse are three times more likely to be revictimized and the likelihood of revictimization increases with the recency, frequency, and severity of the abuse. Although there have been many reviews of sexual trauma revictimization within the general population, the same cannot be said for military and veteran populations, which have been known to have relatively higher rates of sexual trauma. To date, only one systematic review has been conducted regarding this high-risk population (Tirone et al., 2020). Unfortunately, this review only considered sexual trauma happening within or after the military experience, not sexual abuse that may have occurred before. Consequently, the literature analyzing sexual trauma and revictimization throughout the entire lifetime, to include: childhood, adolescence, and adulthood (prior to military service) has been overlooked, and a scoping review exploring these additional factors merits consideration. It is our goal to take an inclusive and comprehensive approach, looking at sexual abuse throughout the entire lifetime: childhood, adolescence, and adulthood- of an individual who is currently serving on active duty or has served in the past. We hope to discover broad trends of revictimization before, during, and after military service; treatment modalities; and potential mediators and moderators of revictimization.

Objective: To map out the current evidence base in relation to the application of asset-based approaches to improve outcomes with adults in health or social care. Introduction: Application of asset-based approaches (ABAs) with adults in the areas of health or social care have increased. To better understand the implementation of ABAs to improve outcomes with adults, there is a need to synthesise current evidence. Inclusion criteria: Studies that applied an asset-based approach, Asset Based Community Development or based their approach or intervention on the theory of salutogenesis; ABAs used in health promotion and preventative approaches; Empirical studies; Adults aged 18 and above receiving health or social care services; Peer-reviewed literature; Must be applied or implemented in health or social care context; Any publication time period; Any study design; Only studies published in English. Methods: A systematic search will be carried out in five databases PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science and SCOPUS, using search terms guided by an academic librarian. Studies will be screened for inclusion based on the predefined eligibility criteria. Data selection will be facilitated through Covidence systemic software. Studies will be screened for inclusion based on the eligibility criteria at title, abstract and full-text level. All studies will be screened by the first author and 10% will be screened independently by a second reviewer. Outstanding conflicts will be resolved with a third reviewer. Data extraction will be carried out using a predefined data extraction form and written guide developed by the first author. A narrative synthesis will be conducted (Popay et al., 2006).

Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the most frequent causes of motor disability in children. Although the definition of CP specifies that the brain lesion to the developing fetal or infant brain is not progressive, it is now well known that the secondary consequences to the musculoskeletal system in a growing child are progressive. The natural history of CP is often characterized by a gradual deterioration of mobility over a 5-year period from childhood to the start of the adolescent growth spurt. For this reason, maintaining or improving gait and gross motor function is a common primary goal for children with CP and orthopaedic gait corrective surgery has been considered standard of care to aid in achieving this goal. Three-dimensional gait analysis (3DGA) has been established as a criterion standard measure to inform surgical intervention and evaluate gait outcomes in children with CP requiring orthopaedic surgery for gait correction. Yet, the reality is that use of 3DGA is uncommon in clinical settings due to the cost involved and the equipment and expertise required. In the absence of 3DGA, observational gait assessment via non-instrumented methods is a viable alternative in informing and reassessing surgical intervention. However, evaluations of orthopaedic surgical interventions must go beyond just assessing the changes in body structure and function associated with gait. The introduction of the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) encourages a multidimensional perspective of measuring and documenting health outcomes. This framework creates a shift in focus from just measuring gait-related outcomes (“impairment” of body function and structure), to also measuring “activity” (action or task execution), and “participation” (involvement in life situations) outcomes to allow for more meaningful assessment of the child’s function following gait corrective surgery. There is a long-held assumption that functional activity and participation will improve if gait impairments are treated. However, due to limited reporting of activity and participation measures to reflect surgical outcome, the correlation between gait impairment with activity and participation is poorly understood. Changes in gait may not necessarily translate into clinically significant or meaningful changes in activity and participation. Despite the large body of literature evaluating outcomes of gait corrective surgery for children with CP, there is lack of consensus regarding which non-instrumented measures of gait, activity and participation outcome measures are most suitable to be collected pre- and post-surgery. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review is to identify the most frequently reported non-instrumented measures of gait, activity and participation for children with CP undergoing gait corrective surgery. By doing so, we may be able to help direct further work towards developing a core set of outcome measures for use in routine clinical practice.

A critical and mixed review of the literature around the relationship between citizenship rights and health: Proposing healthenship

A research project by the University of Sheffield in partnership with the University Medical Centre Groningen and Pain Alliance Europe. The study aims to understand the experiences of people with Fibromyalgia in healthcare consultations. We are aiming to learn more about the experiences of patients with and without a formal diagnosis of Fibromyalgia. This includes exploring the topics of quality of life, social interactions and interactions with healthcare professionals. We are also looking at people’s experiences in health care consultations where they have felt stigmatised. By stigma we mean “being excluded, rejected, blamed, or devalued because you have a particular health problem’’. We know from PAE’s previous survey that this is a common experience of people with fibromyalgia. In this research, we want to understand more about how stigmatising happens and how it can be prevented.

This protocol includes the registration of a priority scope review for Uruguay. The aim will be to examine and map the literature on physical activity indicators based to the Global Matrix initiative in Uruguayan children and adolescents.

The objective of this scoping review is to explore the characteristics and effectiveness of current oral healthcare educational and training interventions targeted at clinicians caring for stroke patients in acute and rehabilitation settings.

A systematic scoping review to investigate and report on the known measures of common humanity and their core features

The intention of this scoping literature review is to collate and compare the spatial and behavioural observation methods that are commonly used in healthcare environments research so that researchers can easily access and appreciate the benefits and limitations of the various methods for particular research contexts.

Pre-registration for Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) study about crafting across life domains during working days

This is the registration for the scoping review on the fear of falling literature. This scoping review has not been registered before.

A scoping review was conducted to identify relevant literature on the food environment and immigrants in high-income countries; in order to understand the current knowledge, literature published in English on a scientific database between 01 January 2007 to 09 April 2020 was eligible for inclusion. Three electronic databases (EMBASE, PubMed and Web of Science) were used as primary search sources. A scoping review was conducted in order to systematically map the research in the area and to identify gaps in the knowledge. The aim was to understand and characterize the interactions between the food environment and immigrant populations from low- and middle-income countries living in high-income countries.

Holmes and Rahe published the Social Readjustment Rating Scale in 1967 (Holmes & Rahe, 1967). There have been a number of updates since the original SRRS was first published (Hobson & Delunas, 2001; Hobson et al., 1998; Miller & Rahe, 1997; Muhlenkamp, Gress, & Flood, 1975). However, the most recent of these is already 20 years ago, and therefore a further update appears timely. The primary aim of the current study is to update the SRRS without fundamentally changing the scale to ensure that studies based on the original SRRS can be compared with studies that use this update. The secondary aim is to collect data from younger adults (18 – 35yrs) specifically to assess whether it might be suitable to administer the SRRS across all adult ages, perhaps with weightings adjusted by age band (young vs. middle-aged, vs older adults). This may be of use for researchers.

The goal of the present study is to investigate how information on an analgesic therapy affects the evaluation of recollected pain episodes. Moreover, we want to investigate whether recognition memory performance for therapeutic information affects the evaluation of recollected pain episodes. Therefore, the subjects are instructed to recall a moderate and severe pain episode from memory and evaluate pain intensity, suffering from pain and pain interference in relation to the recollected pain episodes. Subsequently, the subjects receive one of four different types of information on analgesic therapy. This therapeutic information varies in terms of (1) the likelihood of receiving an analgesic (high/low confidence) and (2) the potency of the analgesic (high/low potency). Afterwards, the subjects shall re-evaluate the recollected pain episodes, however, this time accounting for the therapeutic information they just have received. In order to measure the effect of recognition memory performance for therapeutic information on the pre-post changes in pain ratings, a Remember-Know-task with items from the therapeutic information on analgesic therapy is assessed at the end of the experiment.

This study examines health research funder policies for guidance on selecting journals in which to publishing funded research

This project intends to connect PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/) records with their eventual publications to assess how many registrations are published and the time taken to submit for publication. This will be used to assess how prospective registrations were. We will also assess whether changes were made to the eligibility criteria of these studies in the time shortly before submission or during the peer review process.

The purpose of this review is to summarise the best available recent evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions for preventing or reversing pre-frailty and frailty in community dwelling adults aged 65 and over. This review also aims to explore the feasibility of interventions in terms of cost effectiveness, acceptability, and adherence.

Systematic review taking gamification and technology into account when designed to fit the job of medical practitioners.

The aim of the present scoping review is to summarize and evaluate the current state of evidence regarding the effects of evening/nocturnal light exposure on acute melatonin suppression in children and adolescents. To our best knowledge, this will be the first review to summarize this field of research. The evaluation of strengths and weaknesses of earlier studies hopefully contributes to an optimization of future research.

This project serves as a pre-registration of the protocol for "Approaches to measuring and conceptualising sleep discrepancy: A scoping review"

Scoping review protocol

Background: The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends aspirin for colorectal cancer prevention for people with Lynch syndrome. Strategies to change practice should be informed by an understanding of the factors influencing prescribing. Aim: To investigate the optimal type and level of information to communicate with GPs to increase their willingness to prescribe aspirin. Design and setting: We will recruit GPs in England and Wales (n=672) to an online survey with a 23 factorial design. GPs will be randomised to one of eight vignettes describing a hypothetical patient with Lynch syndrome recommended to take aspirin by a clinical geneticist. Method: Across the vignettes, we will manipulate the presence or absence of three types of information: 1) existence of NICE guidance; 2) results from the CAPP2 trial; 3) information comparing the risks/benefits of aspirin. We will estimate the main effects and all interactions on the primary (willingness to prescribe) and secondary outcomes (comfort discussing aspirin).

This scoping review will enable a clear indication of the volume of literature on this topic – there is currently no identified specific Indigenous Peoples literature regarding cultural safety within ICU. There is, however, data on safety culture, which is not the same concept. By reviewing the evidence in the literature, it can be determined if there is a common theme, and perhaps more importantly, what the gaps in culturally safe practices are.

This study uses a survey to ask orgasmic meditation practitioners to compare their experience of Orgasmic Meditation to sex and fondling

N-of-1 trials and single-case designs (SCD) are used to evaluate individual-patient response to interventions. This is in contrast to group-based research designs (e.g. randomised controlled trials), which tell us more about the average response to interventions for the group studied. N-of-1 trials and SCDs are being increasingly recognised as a useful method across a number of disciplines, but generally their adoption has been limited. This may be related to a number of inaccurate beliefs about these methods or perceived barriers to using them. It is important to explore stakeholder perspectives of N-of-1 trials and SCDs in order to identify strategies to increase awareness and adoption. To date, there are few high-quality studies investigating multiple stakeholder perspectives about using N-of-1 trials and SCDs studies in the healthcare context. Most studies have focused on the views of clinicians or patients, with few exploring views of other important stakeholders such as funders, statisticians, methodologists, publishers and regulators. Furthermore, the existing evidence is based on poorly reported research methodology with no theoretical basis about the potential factors that might influence awareness and adoption. A comprehensive, theory-based, in-depth investigation of perspectives across multiple stakeholders groups is needed. This can inform the development of intervention strategies to improve awareness and adoption of N-of-1 trials and SCD studies in healthcare.

Improving health and healthcare are dynamic processes in which stakeholders from research and practice are interdependent. Therefore, there is an increasing demand in approaches that facilitate collaboration and knowledge exchange between academic research and daily practice of patients, healthcare professionals and healthcare policy (1-5). As an answer to this call, a myriad of collaborative networks and approaches are initiated, including communities of practice, academic collaboratives (AC) and research partnerships (6-9). However, collaboration networks often face challenges, such as lack of interaction between knowledge users and knowledge producers, inadequate match between the supply of and demand for knowledge products, suboptimal use of novel scientific knowledge and expensive innovations resulting in limited effects on practice (10-14). For sustainable development, an AC or any other type of collaboration network needs to create a way of working together that is able to address these challenges (15). In the Netherlands, AC’s are a common form to facilitate research practice collaboration and knowledge exchange (1). The AC ‘Stronger on your own feet’ (SOO) is such a collaboration between the Radboudumc and seven care organizations for people with intellectual disabilities (ID). The aim of this AC is to improve the health and healthcare for people with ID. Like in other AC’s, SOO encounters challenges in the collaboration and knowledge exchange between research and practice such as differences in timelines, knowledge needs and priorities (1). To date, there is little insight in the functioning of academic collaboratives and how collaboration and knowledge exchange within an AC is being shaped. This study provides more insight about the functioning of AC’s and into how collaboration and knowledge exchange within an AC in the ID care sector can be improved. In this way, the health of and healthcare for people with ID can benefit. The aims of this study are to explore 1) the network positions of organizations within AC SOO concerning collaboration and knowledge exchange within the AC, 2) on which themes organizations within AC SOO collaborate and exchange knowledge, and 3) what the perspectives are on the current and future network position of organizations within AC SOO concerning collaboration and knowledge exchange. An explanatory sequential mixed methods design will be used involving quantitative data and explaining the quantitative findings with in-depth qualitative data. The overall research question of this study is the following: How do organizations within an Academic Collaborative in care for people with ID collaborate and exchange knowledge? Sub research questions: 1. What network position do organizations have within AC SOO concerning collaboration, knowledge sharing and knowledge searching? 2. On which themes do organizations within AC SOO collaborate, share and search knowledge? 3. What are perspectives for the current (and future?) network position of organizations within AC SOO concerning collaboration, knowledge sharing and knowledge searching?

The Medical Maximizer-Minimizer Scale (MMS) captures the extent to which some individuals are more disposed to seek health care than others (Scherer et al, 2016). Recent findings of Scherer et al (2020) suggest that people more disposed to seeking health care ("Maximizers") may also be more likely to make low-benefit health care decisions. Low-benefit health care has negative consequences for individuals and for the efficacy of a health care system as a whole. The aims of this study are to explore whether: - the MMS predicts preference for low- or high-benefit care (replication of Scherer et al, 2020) - Protection Motivation Theory explains Minimizer and Maximizer preferences for health behaviour - intolerance of uncertainty adds further explanatory power in understanding MMS responses in a behavioural threat - manipulating the cost (risk) and threat (reassurance) appraisal changes people's preference for high- and low-benefit care. Effective interventions that encourage individuals who have a tendency to make low-benefit health care decisions to make better choices could be enormously beneficial to those individuals as well as enabling health resources to be used efficiently.

Māori continue to experience inequitable health care and health outcomes compared with other New Zealanders. A narrative review conducted in 2016 described disparities in access to and through the surgical care pathway for Māori from a limited pool of small retrospective cohort studies. This review only targeted studies that specifically investigated surgical care for Māori however, many other studies have performed sub-analyses for Māori as part of bigger ethnographic epidemiological studies and Indigenous Health has become more topical in Australasia since this review was conducted. Health disparities and inequities in surgical care for Māori are still not well understood. In order to address systemic barriers to surgical care for Māori, there needs to be robust Māori-led investigations and continuous monitoring of the crown and its constituents. This scoping review aims to report the nature and extent of disparities in surgical disease and care for Māori.