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In line with the symposium's address to means of describing and analyzing individual and group differences in values, analysis of assumptions of two research strategies, the cognitive-developmental and the attitude-strength, is given. A report on sample results on the same material handled by the two different strategies is presented. Analyses of variance indicate clear differences in social group in type of moral reasoning where differences were expected for theoretical reasons, and not where they were not, as for religious differences. (NF)

WORKING PAPERS, PRESENTATIONS, AND DISCUSSIONS AT THE 1967 SEMINAR ON "EDUCATION PERMANENTE" CONVENED BY THE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF UNIVERSITY ADULT EDUCATION INCLUDED UNESCO BACKGROUND MATERIAL ON THE CONCEPT OF LIFELONG INTEGRATED LEARNING, THE NEED AND THE PROSPECTS FOR GREATER FLEXIBILITY AND OUTREACH AT THE UNIVERSITY LEVEL, ANALYSES OF THE ECONOMIC, TECHNOLOGICAL, SOCIOLOGICAL, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS OF CONTINUING EDUCATION FOR CONTEMPORARY WORLD SOCIETY, AND CASE STUDIES OF PROFESSIONAL AND WORKER EDUCATION IN FRANCE. EMPHASIS IN THE PRESENTATIONS WAS GENERALLY PLACED MORE ON UNDERSTANDING AND INSIGHTS, ON APPRECIATION AND ATTITUDES, THAN ON FACTS AND INFORMATION ALONE, AND ON THE NEED TO MINIMIZE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TEACHER AND STUDENT ROLES AND BETWEEN YOUTH AND ADULTS. THERE WAS GENERAL AGREEMENT THAT UNIVERSITIES, WHILE STRESSING THE ASSESSMENT OF VALUES, SHOULD EXAMINE THE WIDER SOCIETY, DEVELOP "CULTURED" PERSONS, INJECT LIBERAL EDUCATION INTO PROFESSIONAL TRAINING, CHAMPION CONTROVERSY, STIMULATE THE FULL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIVIDUAL INTELLECTUAL CAPACITIES, AND SERVE AS THE NERVE CENTER FOR AN EXTENDED SYSTEM OF SOCIAL AND INTELLECTUAL COMMUNICATION. (REACTIONS FROM FOUR OTHER PARTICIPANTS WERE ALSO OBTAINED.) ALSO NOTED WERE BLOCKS AND IMPEDIMENTS TO EDUCATIONAL CHANGE, IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FUTURE OF UNIVERSITY ADULT EDUCATION, AND BASIC QUESTIONS FOR FURTHER EXPLORATION. (LY)

This document contains the text of speeches presented in symposia at the April 1973 meeting of the Western Psychological Association held in Anaheim, California. "The Social Psychology of Change in Educational Institutions" and "Psychology as the Foundation for Elementary School Career Education Curricula" were the theme titles of the symposia. Presentations included: (1) "The AIR Career Education Curriculum" by Lauri Steel, (2) "Measuring Dispositions Toward The Implementation Of Career Education In The Classroom" and "Implementation Strategies for Educational Change" by Robert Kaplan and David Gross, and (3) "The Application Of Selected Psychological Principals to Career Education" by John Kroll. (SN)

Social networks string everyone together. In the world affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, residents left their houses less often and maintained their connections online. Preparing for longer periods at home, some customers stockpiled supplies, the most discussed of which being toilet paper. When internet users came across videos of empty store shelves and people boasting about the amount of toilet paper they obtained, public contempt exploded over these supposed “panicked buyers.” From February to May of 2020, patterns of reaction against panic buying matched the description of a moral panic as presented by sociologist Stanley Cohen. The media is an agent of contagions in a social network. During COVID-19, news headlines often detailed shortages of supplies around the world. Meanwhile, social media became a platform for videos of stockpiling consumers, like those who built thrones out of toilet paper boxes. These behaviors from the media further escalated a small issue of temporary toilet paper shortage to almost a national emergency, while drawing attention away from shortages of crucial medical supplies and test kits.

This project will conduct a systematic review of conference papers that had been presented at the Japanese Psychological Association and the Japanese Society of Social Psychology.

This project will conduct a systematic review of conference papers that had been presented at the Japanese Psychological Association and the Japanese Society of Social Psychology. This is a revised version (revision 1) of our protocol preregistered at https://osf.io/9u8fg.

This project will conduct a systematic review of conference papers that had been presented at the Japanese Psychological Association and Japanese Society of Social Psychology. This is a protocol for the stage 2 data collection.

Test construction is vital in the process of assessing students’ learning. This motivated researchers to investigate the multi-faceted nature of test construction. Interestingly, reviewed studies indicate the need to conduct continuous investigations on test construction given the different educational reforms and paradigm shift in education. With this premise, this study was implemented to determine the common types of tests given in English, Math, Science, Filipino, and Technology courses of industrial-technical students. It also determined the teachers’ committed violations on the rules, principles, and guidelines of test construction. Through content analysis of the test papers, the study found that the common types of test given to industrial-technical students are multiple choice, identification, and enumeration; essay, alternate response, and completion tests. In addition, the violations surfaced on basic principles in test construction, constructing test instructions, and writing multiple choice, identification test, enumeration; essay, alternate response, and completion tests. Hence, teachers need to diversify the types of tests given to students and follow the rules, principles, and guidelines in test construction.