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The article examines the link between anthropology and demography in order to understand the variables influencing the changes of social structure in a Southwestern American community. The status of Havasupai women was said to affect demographic behavior such as fertility, sex ratio, mortality, and birth interval. In turn, these influence the improvement of women's status and their participation in community development process. In reference to John F. Martin's paper, sex ratio is not the only important variable in the study of demography in relation to anthropology, but also the consideration of socio-biological categories of a society.