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A partir de todos los nacimientos ocurridos en el Uruguay entre 2002 y 2003 y las defunciones ocurridas en el primer año de vida, se estima la tasa de mortalidad infantil a través de modelos probit y hazard. Debido a que las muertes se concentran en los primeros días y semanas de vida, el modelo hazard es preferible al probit, encontrándose que la estimación probit sobreestima los efectos de las covariables. Los resultados muestran que las variables más importantes son la edad y la educación de la madre, los cuidados prenatales y los denominados predictores de la mortalidad (bajo peso al nacer, semanas de gestación y APGAR).

Haciendo uso de los datos de la Encuesta sobre Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento,este trabajo analiza el estado de salud de las personas mayores a 60 años en cinco países de América Latina: Argentina, Brasil, Chile, México y Uruguay. Empleando modelos probit ordenados fue posible investigar los efectos de variables socioeconómicas sobre el estado de salud auto-reportado. Los resultados indican que la autopercepción de la salud está relacionada positivamente con una buena nutrición, una mayor educación y un estilo de vida activo. Los individuos que se encuentran satisfechos con su ingreso actual reportaran, probablemente, una salud mejor. Se encontró, igualmente, que el nivel socioeconómico en las etapas iniciales de la vida influencia el estado de salud auto-reportado, lo cual tiene importantes implicaciones para la política de salud pública. Finalmente, la relación entre las variables socioeconómicas y la autopercepciónde la salud es consistente para los cinco países.

To purchase or authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2007.00487.x Byline: Michael A. McPherson (1), R. Todd Jewell (1) Abstract: Objectives. Colleges and universities routinely use evaluation scores to assess the quality of an instructor's teaching for purposes of promotion and tenure and for merit-raise allocations. This article attempts to identify the determinants of these scores, and to suggest ways that departments' numerical rankings of instructors might be adjusted. Method. This article applies a feasible generalized least squares model to a panel of data from master's-level classes. Results. We find that instructors can 'buy' better evaluation scores by inflating students' grade expectations. Also, the teaching experience of instructors has an impact on evaluation scores, but this effect is largely seen as an increase after tenure is granted. In addition, we find evidence of a bias against nonwhite faculty. Conclusion. Our results suggest that an adjustment to the usual departmental rankings may be in order. Author Affiliation: (1)University of North Texas

Objective. This paper examines the abortion decisions of Hispanic women who reside in the Texas counties that border Mexico. We hypothesize that ethnicity as well as geographic location may capture differences in assimilation to the U.S. culture that, ultimately, influence fertility-control decisions. We concentrate on the connection between the abortion decision and provider availability as measured by distance to the nearest abortion provider. Methods. The empirical model uses a logit specification to compare the abortion decisions of border Hispanics to both Hispanic and Anglo women residing in nonborder regions of Texas. The data consist of all births and abortions for women 20 years old and older for 1993 in Texas. Results. We find characteristic differences among the abortion decisions of Texas women by ethnicity and geographic location. In particular, Hispanics along the border region are quantitatively more responsive to variations in the availability of abortion providers, poverty rates, female emplo yment rates, and urbanization. Conclusions. The abortion decisions of nonborder Hispanics appear to more closely resemble those of Anglo women rather than those of their Hispanic counterparts in the border region. Also, economic development in the Texas-Mexico border region is likely to have a significant impact on abortion and fertility rates in the region., Introduction Numerous studies have examined the demand for abortions, although few of these studies focus on the abortion decisions of Hispanic women. Hispanics comprise one of the most rapidly growing [...]

Customer discrimination may result in racial differences in the marginal revenue products generated by workers. College basketball data allow for direct comparisons of the racial differences in the marginal revenues generated by players. This article compares the revenue generating potential of the top black and white college basketball players. A highly skilled white college player generates over $100,000 in per game revenues as compared to around $30,000 for a black player of equal talent, providing a strong incentive for colleges to discriminate against recruiting black student-athletes., INTRODUCTION The revenues generated by college basketball players provide an incentive for schools to expend effort in locating and recruiting talented players. For example, Brown reports that the most talented [...]

College basketball seems to present minority athletes with educational opportunities which would be unavailable otherwise. These programs appear free of racial bias. However, customer discrimination can affect these programs by increasing the revenue-earning potential of white players relative to black players, indicating that college basketball programs have economic incentives to discriminate against prospective black players. This study presents evidence of customer discrimination in college basketball.

R. TODD JEWELL [*] This paper estimates the responsiveness of abortion demand among teenage women to variations in the local availability of abortion services. This information is especially important because [...]