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Conventional lead halides perovskites have attracted much attention to become a next‐generation solar technology. Besides their low cost and excellent efficiency, high toxic nature and device instability become the major issue to limit their wide applications. Ti‐based (Cs2TiI6) double halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a potential candidate to become the best alternate. However, poor device efficiency is still a restriction. Therefore, proper optimization and deep device analysis are needed to explore the full potential of Cs2TiI6‐based PSCs. In the present research work, the open‐circuit voltage (Voc), current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency of Cs2TiI6‐based PSC are successfully optimized. The device optimization is performed using the different combinations of electron transport layers and hole transport layers along with absorber thickness, acceptor doping density, and interface defect density. The effect of Rseries and Rshunt is explored and identified the best device efficiency of 28.07% along with other photovoltaic (PV) parameters; Voc = 1.41 V, Jsc = 22.44 mA cm−2, and FF = 88.15%, respectively. The supportive analysis of C–V and Mott–Schottky characteristics helps to get deep insight into the device's performance. Furthermore, the resultant PV parameters are compared to the previous studies as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of titanium dioxide (also known as titania) in solar cells, biomaterials, and photocatalytic processes has generated an ever-increasing amount of interest. Titania is widely used in a variety of applications because it is nanocrystalline, chemically stable, has a high refractive index, is mechanically hard, and transmits visible light well. In this work, titania nanoparticles were formed via sol–gel synthesis, wherein the effect of varying pH values such as 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 has been investigated on the synthesized nanoparticles by studying their structural characteristics and analyzing their optical transmittance. Structural analysis of the synthesized TiO2 shows formation of the brookite phase at all pH values under as-synthesized conditions. Moreover, structural parameters including crystallite size, dislocation density, and unit cell volume were also calculated. Cell volume was calculated at various pH levels and measured between 255.7 and 257.2 Å3. Optical analysis shows a transmission increase with a pH increase, and maximum transmission has been observed above 80% for a pH value of 11. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead-halide based perovskite solar cells (PSC's) have proven to be efficient and have extraordinary stability. CsPbI 3 is thought to be a potential light-absorbing material for use in all-inorganic PSCs due to its advantageous bandgap and thermal stability. In contrast to the organic-inorganic hybrid PSCs counterpart, the CsPbI 3 has a high defect density resulting in a lower PCE and less stable structure. In this study, we performed a device modeling of all-inorganic CsPbI 3 using SCAPS-1D to improve its performance. Here, we have shown how various electron and hole transport layers (ETL & HTL) affect the performance of the CsPbI 3 device. For this, the effect of dopant concentration, the thickness of HTL, ETL, and absorber layer along with optimization of back contact metal work function have been numerically investigated. Under the optimum condition, the best theoretical conversion efficiency of ∼27.04% was achieved for FTO/SnO 2 /CsPbI 3 /CuSbS 2 /Pd configuration, which is the highest theoretical value reported among CsPbI 3 -based PSCs. Based on these results, we concluded that all-inorganic CsPbI 3 PSCs under these optimized conditions might help researchers improve this material experimentally for renewable energy applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lead-free compound Formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI 3) has emerged as a highly promising absorber layer in device architecture, drawing significant attention in recent research. FASnI 3 possesses several desirable characteristics, including low cost, excellent stability, and high performance, positioning it as an attractive candidate for solar cell applications. This research focuses on enhancing the performance of FASnI 3 -based perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The primary objective of this study is to optimize the various components of the PSC, including the electron transport layer (ETL), hole transport layer (HTL), as well as the thickness and doping concentration of the absorber, ETL, HTL, and interface layers. By carefully fine-tuning these parameters, we aim to improve the overall efficiency and functionality of FASnI 3 PSCs, while also reducing recombination losses. Further, we introduced additional HTLs, such as Bi-HTL, to minimize recombination losses and further enhance performance. Through our optimization efforts, we have successfully achieved maximum performance with the structure ITO/WS 2 /FASnI 3 /MoO 3 /Si/Au. This optimized configuration demonstrates an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 30.45%, a fill factor (FF) of 86.56%, a short-circuit current density (J sc) of 30.79 mA/cm2, and an open-circuit voltage (V oc) of 1.143 V. These results signify a significant advancement in the performance of FASnI 3 PSCs and highlight the potential of this optimized structure for future solar cell research and development. • Lead free FASnI 3 based perovskite solar cells are simulated by SCAPS-1D software. • We have optimized the thicknesses, doping density, defect density of the absorber layer, HTL and ETL. • We have reduced the recombination losses by using the double HTL overall. • The solar cell structure ITO/WS 2 /FASnI 3 /MoO 3 /Si/Au was proposed with PCE of 30.45%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]