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Copyright of EnvironmentAsia is the property of Thai Society of Higher Education Institutes on Environment and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CULCyT: Cultura Científica y Tecnológica is the property of Cultura Cientifica y Tecnologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this research, a 24 hours power generation forecast system is presented for photovoltaic facilities connected to the National Power Grid in Cuba. The system described, is based on the numerical weather forecast model WRF, which is run operationally four times a day at the Center of Atmospheric Physics of the Institute of Meteorology of Cuba. The system deliveries each day about the time of 7:00 AM the hourly forecasts of power generation for the next day, for a set of photovoltaic (PV) parks, so the National Charge Dispatch Office (DNC), which is responsible for planning the amount of energy to be generated in order to meet the estimated demand, can take into account the contribution of these facilities, which can be fluctuating in dependence of the weather conditions. The system forecasts are evaluated against power generation and solar radiation data, which is reported daily from each park. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anales de Geografía de la Universidad Complutense is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Computational Systems & ICTs is the property of ECORFAN-Mexico S.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study analyzes sex ratio at birth in Spain from the late 19th century to the present. A detailed examination has been performed for the period between 1975 and 2019, considering over 20 million birth records. In addition to verifying the low reliability of the birth records during the early 20th century, we have also found that, in contrast to general beliefs, this ratio is not consistent. Our data suggest that parental age and race, birth order and intensity of solar radiation, all clearly influence this indicator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study includes the temporal analysis of the levels of NO2, CO, and ground-level O3 measured in Lima Metropolitana between the years 2015 to 2018 and the relationship between them and with air temperature and solar radiation. For this, descriptive, correlational, and regression temporal analyzes were carried out using hourly records taken in different areas of the city. The levels of the gases evaluated were mainly below the Peruvian regulations and the World Health Organization's air quality guidelines, so their influence on the health of the population was not relevant. The hourly levels of these gases were bimodal and were influenced by vehicular traffic for NO2 and CO, and by solar radiation for ground-level O3; although, the latter may also have been influenced by its nocturnal movement. Daily behavior showed the so-called "weekend effect". The correlation analysis indicated a homogeneous behavior of the parameters between the evaluated areas; plus, there was a negative correlation between CO and ground-level O3. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between NO2 and CO; and between the meteorological factors with NO2 and ground-level O3. Finally, multiple linear regression models were generated that adequately estimated the historical values of ground-level O3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maqui (Aristotelia chilensis) has become an important health food as one of the berries with the highest known levels of antioxidant capacity, and its international demand has therefore increased. There is currently no cultivation of this species in Argentina, so all that is marketed comes from wild harvesting, with an inherent risk of resource degradation. Therefore, a process of domestication of this species has been initiated. Fifteen female and three male individuals (pollinators) were selected from previously identified natural populations of maqui from two forest types, coihue- or cypress-dominated. Those individuals were propagated vegetatively and the plants grown were installed in a cultivation plot under controlled conditions of solar radiation and water supply. Total height and diameter of main axes were measured in female clones during three consecutive seasons. Growth was modulated by the contrasting levels of solar radiation assayed, but not by the different levels of water supply. Clones growing under direct sunlight grew taller than those under shade net. Growth in height was higher in the second season, while in the third season the clones grew less in height but more in the sectional area of stems. No flowering or fruiting was observed in any clone or season. Maqui demonstrated the ability to acclimatise to culture conditions. This work constitutes the first study of selected maqui clones in the Andean-Patagonian forests of Argentina, with the aim of developing a productive alternative for farmers in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topographic relief of the Aburrá Valley generates variable climatic conditions throughout its territory, which are not taken into account in urban planning decisions. The objective of the research was to establish differences in sunlight and radiation in different areas, define factors that influence its variability, and propose alternatives for different conditions. Nine blocks on slopes and plains were selected and modeled, in three strips of the valley, and simulations were made using computer programs to define microclimates in terms of sunlight and radiation. It is concluded that: there are important climatic differences between the eastern and western slopes and the plain; solar radiation on the roads is reduced, depending on their orientation and tree planting; the municipalities to the south have a better performance in radiation attenuation; radiation on the façades to the west differs by up to 29%; and the streets in the east-west direction have more solar radiation time per day on average. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Access to shade decreases heat stress of grazing dairy cows, but may reduce their grazing time. It was hypothesized that access to shade would alter grazing behavior of New Zealand Holstein cows. The objective was to evaluate the distribution of time use of cows with and without access to shade in a temperate sub-humid climate with summer rainfall, where the mean annual temperature varies between 12 (January) and 18 °C (May). During the warm (May) and cool (October) seasons of 2017, two lots of nine lactating New Zealand Holstein cows grazed in two treatments, with (S) and without (NS) shade access. Behavior was recorded every 10 min for 5 d per period. The response variables were: grazing times; rumination standing, prostrate and total; resting standing, prostrate and total. The data were classified as diurnal (07:00 to 19:00 h) and nocturnal (19:00 to 07:00 h); the former were grouped into four shifts according to Temperature and Humidity Index (TIH) and solar radiation. It was analyzed with a general linear model and the MIXED procedure. In the warm season (19 °C. precipitation of 44.3 mm) cows with access to shade grazed 16 % less time (p ≤ 0.05) in the shifts of higher THI and solar radiation, being higher the percentage of shade use. During the cool season (16 °C, precipitation 62.0 mm) at times of higher THI (71.0) and solar radiation (880.5 Wm-2) S cows ruminated standing 44 % longer (p ≤ 0.05), with total rumination time 30.7 % longer (p ≤ 0.05) than NS; the latter rested standing 22.5 % longer (p ≤ 0.05). Access to shade modified the behavior of New Zealand Holstein cows grazing in the temperate climate of Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic development of the country establishes among its priorities, the achievement of the efficient use of energy in the pumping of water, which constitutes one of the fundamental links for Agriculture. In recent years, various solar pumps have been introduced in Cuba in order to economically empower various companies. Its evaluation allows obtaining information for decision-making with a view to its possible introduction into the country for these purposes. This work was developed at the Experimental Station of the Agricultural Engineering Research Institute with the aim of determining the technical and operating characteristics of the photovoltaic system and the Lorentz PS2-150-C- SJ5-8 Solar Pump. The methodology used consisted of measuring the electrical and hydraulic characteristics of the system at the time of its start-up, in addition to calculating the daily volume of water pumping. The results found showed that the average power obtained from the panels was 0,3 kW, the maximum pressure reached by the pump was 20 m.c.a. when the discharge was 1,52 m³/h and the maximum flow rate was 4,00 m³/h in 2 m.c.a. The daily volume of water in 7 hours of pumping was 28,02; 18,20 and 10,64 m³/day for heights of 2, 11 and 20 m.c.a. respectively. It was concluded that the behavior of the evaluated equipment is acceptable with respect to the characteristics provided by the manufacturer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The installation of Photovoltaic Systems (SFV) in Cuba is increasing. Therefore, having tools that allow the behavior of these systems to be simulated is of great help. Through the PowerFactory 15.1 program, it is possible to simulate the influence of the SFVs in the National Electroenergetic System (SEN) and analyze the behavior of all the variables of interest to ensure its correct operation. It happens that in the configuration of the SFVs in PowerFactory the mathematical models that best describe the solar radiation for our country are unknown. Solar radiation is broken down into a global component and a diffuse component. There are several models for each component, either global or diffuse. Simulations were made in PowerFactory with all possible combinations and they were compared in the same scenario with the data obtained in PV*SOL premium 2020 to validate the results obtained in PowerFactory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar los resultados de investigaciones relacionadas con la incidencia del sol en el comportamiento energético final del edificio y por lo tanto en las decisiones que el proyectista va a tomar en las diferentes etapas del diseño arquitectónico. Se presentan estudios desarrollados en el Centro de Estudios Energía, Habitabilidad y Arquitectura Sustentable (CEEHAS) de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo (FAU) de la Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), que muestran la influencia del sol en la configuración urbana, en la definición de las parcelas y del partido arquitectónico de la vivienda social, en la resolución de ventanas en aulas y la incidencia solar sobre las superficies opacas de la envolvente. Se demuestra la importancia de considerar la radiación solar como factor determinante para el acondicionamiento natural de los espacios interiores.

Contextualization: The areas planted with stevia have been growing significantly in response to the new trends in consumption of low-calorie and natural foods. The effects of high radiation levels, due to global climate change, have evidenced the need to development new studies about the physiological behavior of the photosynthetic pigments of agricultural species. Knowledge gap: The lack of knowledge of the behavior of stevia crops in the context of current and future environmental changes (mainly, the increases in solar radiation levels) means that farmers and producers do not obtain the expected yields. Purpose: The objective of this study was analyze the effect of different levels of solar radiation and nitrogen fertilization, under greenhouse conditions, on the production of photosynthetic pigment in Stevia rebaudiana Bert. Methodology: The trial was done using as completely randomized design (CRD), employing a 2 x 6 factorial arrangement and 16 replicates per treatment; factor A corresponded to two levels of incident solar radiation (300 and 1.500 pmol photons, m-2 s-1 corresponding to 20% and 100% radiation respectively) and factor B corresponded to six doses of nitrogen (0, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 kg ha-1). Chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll content was evaluated in young and healthy leaves eight months after transplanting. Results and conclusions: The results showed that the contents of chlorophyll a, b and total were significantly affected by solar radiation, but not by the nitrogen supplied. In both radiation environments, the contents of chlorophyll a were higher than the contents of chlorophyll b in all plants evaluated. In the environment of lower solar radiation (300 pmol of photons m-2 s-1), the maximum levels of the photosynthetic pigments were presented. In the environment of 1.500 pmol of photons. m-2 s-1, the contents of chlorophyll a, b and total were lower in control plants (0 kg ha-1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe the structure of the Ithomiini butterfly community in a tropical dry forest fragment in the Río Cauca Valley, Colombia. We assessed the impact of two climatic seasons on their abundance, and used wing condition to estimate age structure. We recorded 11 species in six months (March to August, 2019). The most abundant species were Mechanitis menapis, Mechanitis polymnia and Tithorea harmonia, accounting for 85 % of the relative abundance; there were no significant changes in abundance patterns, when compared with previous studies. In both cases, the correlation between climate factors and butterfly abundance is significant. Species turnover was not affected by climatic season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas is the property of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Horticolas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Técnica Energía is the property of Centro Nacional de Control de Energia CENACE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Epiphyte species may also have some affinity for host tree species, which may be related to bark characteristics or architecture (Wagner et al. 2015), suggesting that tree diversity should influence epiphyte diversity. At Selva Negra, where overall bryophyte cover was significantly lower, associations became more apparent and both positive and negative associations with bryophyte mats were readily discernable among vascular epiphyte species (Appendix S6), suggesting that the presence and abundance of bryophytes may alter the species composition of epiphyte assemblages. Previous studies of vascular epiphyte responses to climate change have not taken into account facilitative relationships with bryophytes because transplant experiments included entire epiphyte mats (Nadkarni & Solano 2002; Rapp & Silman 2014). Keywords: agroforestry; climate change; cloud immersion; solar radiation; structural equation models; tropical montane forest; vapor pressure deficit; agrosilvicultura; bosque tropical de montaña; cambio climático; déficit de presión de vapor; inmersión en nubes; modelos de ecuaciones estructurales; radiación solar EN agroforestry climate change cloud immersion solar radiation structural equation models tropical montane forest vapor pressure deficit agrosilvicultura bosque tropical de montaña cambio climático déficit de presión de vapor inmersión en nubes modelos de ecuaciones estructurales radiación solar 1496 1506 11 10/05/21 20211001 NES 211001 Introduction Global biodiversity loss is one of the greatest crises of our time. [Extracted from the article]

The energy flows of the double skin, glass-glass façades have been analysed, establishing a mathematical model to determine the energy savings provided by this construction solution in 10 cities in Spain. It has been found that the two climatological variables that most influence energy savings are outdoor temperature, as it is directly related to the demand for heating, and solar irradiation, as it is the source of energy from which savings are extracted. Energy savings in winter vary between 11.1% and 20.5%, depending on the weather. A linear relationship between the annual average outdoor temperature and the useful energy provided by the double-skin façade has been determined. It was verified that the maximum energy saving occurs when the façade is offset a few degrees to the east from the pure south orientation. It deviates further east, the higher the annual average temperature. A linear relationship has been established between the outside temperature and the azimuth of the façade with which the maximum energy saving occurs. To obtain savings percentages greater than 20%, the ratio between the double-skin façade surface and the total heated surface of the building must be less than 7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greenhouse cultivation allows higher yields than those obtained in the open field, due to better control of the environment. The hypothesis was that the colour and characteristics of the greenhouse cover material for tomato production affect the transmission of solar radiation received by the plants, and therefore growth and yield. The objective was to evaluate the intensity and spectral distribution of transmitted solar radiation (Photosynthetic active radiation, PAR) through four greenhouse covers with different physical characteristics and colour, on relative chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, growth and yield of a tomato crop (Solanum lycopersicum L.). To measure the intensity of solar radiation (400 to 700 nm) transmitted by each cover, quantum sensors were installed inside tunnel-type greenhouses; the spectral characteristic in the same solar radiation band was determined with a spectroradiometer. The effect of the covers was analysed with a completely randomized blocks design with treatment replicates within each tunnel greenhouse. Plants in greenhouses with red and blue diffuse high-density polyethylene covers received less solar radiation in the 400 to 700 nm wavelength band. Also, the radiation of 400 to 550 nm received by the plants in the greenhouse with the red cover was much lower than that received by plants under other covers. The plants in the blue polyethylene covered greenhouse received less solar radiation in the interval 600 to 700 nm. This did not affect the chlorophyll content nor the carbon dioxide assimilation rate. However, there was a significant increase (p£0.05) in plant height, but with a smaller stem diameter. As well as there was a higher yield, expressed in number of fruits per plant, weight and larger fruit size in plants under polyethylene tunnels with red and blue pigmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work addresses the methodology to determine the exact concentration ratio (CR) for a parabolic solar concentrator (PSC) using thermographic imaging. The value of CR is commonly given in terms of the area of the receiver and not in terms of the area of the image produced by the concentrator on the receiver surface. With thermographic analysis, it is possible to know the real image generated by the PSC on the receiver, which helps to have a precise calculation of CR. It is important to measure the real CR not only for manufacturing purposes but also for the maintenance of solar concentrators, since its miscalculation lowers their energy efficiency or lifespan. In experiments, the real image on the receiver is divided into 4 regions, stratified with an equal temperature difference for each one. With this consideration, CR varied from 20 to 151. To complete the analysis, the energy efficiency is calculated. Since heating is a non-stationary process, thermal efficiency fluctuated during the time of experimentation, having a peak of 25% and a mean value of 15.3%. The irregularities of curvature in the concentrators significantly deteriorate the uniformity of the radiation flux and the energy efficiency due to unused areas of concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of Andean fruit crops is viewed as an important and healthy contribution to global food consumption but ecophysiological studies on these fruit trees are scarce. 96% of approximately 520 Passiflora L. species are distributed in the Americas, especially in Colombia and Brazil. Many of these species originated on the edges of humid forests in tropical valleys. The four species: yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener), sweet granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss.), purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. edulis Sims) and banana passion fruit (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (Kunth) Holm-Niels & P.M. Jørg) are widely cultivated in Colombia, and their ecophysiological findings are described in this review. The demands, in terms of temperature (°C) and altitude (masl) are, for yellow passion fruits: 15-28 °C and 0-1,300 masl; sweet granadillas: 15-23 °C and 1,800-2,600 masl; purple passion fruits: 15-22/12-14 °C (day/night) and 1,600-2,300 masl; and banana passion fruit: 13-16 °C and 1.800-3.200 masl; all of them have high requirements for solar radiation, a minimum of 7 h of sunshine per day, to encourage flowering and fruit quality. Cloudy days decrease growth, flower bud induction and flower opening. Temperature and photosynthetic active radiation are the climatic factors that have the greatest effect on plant development. Relative humidity between 60 and 80% supports effective pollination and fecundation. Passiflora L. crops do not support long periods of waterlogging, with a maximum of 4 days for yellow passion fruit. Climatic events such as prolonged rain, intense droughts, strong winds and hail are harmful for these plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dehydration process allows agricultural products to be handled in post-harvest seasons, managing to preserve them for longer without causing significant changes in the properties of the product. This study focuses on conducting the energetic evaluation of a solar tunnel dryer for fruits by natural convection, which is located in the village of Las Mangas, municipality of Santa Rosa de Cabal, Risaralda, for the drying processes of banana and tomatoes as foods that registers high rates of crop and production in the area. Then, identified in the first place the constructive characteristics of the device, it was continued to effectuate the operational evaluation that consisted in the study of the dryer applying heat transfer concepts to the collector chamber, as well as energy and mass balance to the drying process. Thus, this analysis allowed to quantify the thermal performance ηT about 30%, the efficiency during the dehydration process ηS with averages of 11.2%, 14.6% and 18.3% for the cases analyzed: without load, with banana and tomato respectively and the overall performance ηG of the system, with averages of 30.5%, 33.2% and 41.2% for the same cases respectively. Some recommendations to improve the dehydrator design and its performance are suggested in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Latin-American Journal of Physics Education is the property of Latin-American Physics Education Network and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The document shows the application of the empirical Angström-Prescott model in different places in Norte de Santander, Colombia. The model estimates solar radiation from hours of sunlight, at a site where brightness and solar radiation are measured. The data were obtained from the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies, IDEAM; algorithms were developed in RStudio to process and analyze the information. The model establishes a linear relationship between solar radiation and the hours of sunlight, in a specific geographic location. Therefore, regression analyzes were performed for three different sites, using historical records of brightness and solar radiation, obtaining the R-squared coefficients of: 0.73, 0.78, and 0.42. The models were then extrapolated to nearby regions with solar brightness records, but without solar radiation data, to obtain an estimate of radiation at these locations. Finally, a database was created with monthly average information on solar radiation for various subregions of Norte de Santander, which can be used for the design and implementation of photovoltaic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Técnica Energía is the property of Centro Nacional de Control de Energia CENACE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumen El mayor consumo energético en el sector residencial se debe a las instalaciones de climatización. Existen numerosos estudios de viviendas plurifamiliares orientados a optimizar este ítem, pero pocos se centran en la vivienda unifamiliar. Un punto crítico en esta tipología edificatoria son los huecos de ventanas, que suponen una gran superficie sobre el total de la envolvente. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar, cuantificar y valorar la influencia de estrategias pasivas, consistentes en la instalación de diferentes tipos de acristalamientos y protecciones solares, teniendo en cuenta la orientación de la vivienda, para reducir la demanda energética de climatización. El análisis de resultados ofrece unas pautas que demuestran el comportamiento de las diferentes estrategias pasivas utilizadas y su repercusión directa en la demanda de diseño de los equipos de climatización. No siendo soluciones únicas, pero si orientativas a la hora de proponer decisiones adaptables a tipologías edificatorias similares. Abstract The highest energy consumption in the residential sector is due to the air conditioning installations. There are numerous stud-ies of flats oriented to optimize this item, but few focus on the detached house. A critical point in this building typology are the window aperture, which suppose a great surface on the total of the envelope. Therefore, the objective of this work is to analyze, quantify and assess the influence of different passive strategies, which consists of the installation of different types of glazing and solar protections, taking into account the orientation of the house, to reduce the energy demand of air conditioning. The analysis of results provides guidelines for the behavior of different strategies and their direct impact on the design demand of refrigeration and heating equipment. They are not unique solutions, but they are indicative when proposing decisions adapt-able to similar building typologies.

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Copyright of Revista Facultad de Ingeniería - UPTC is the property of Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia, Facultad de Ingenieria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Arquitectura (1657-0308) is the property of Universidad Catolica de Columbia, Facultad de Arquitectura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Visión Electrónica is the property of Fondo de Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main objective of the study was to estimate the solar mean global solar radiation monthly and annual, using extreme temperatures, applying the Bristow-Campbell model to the 19 meteorological stations of the Junín Region, under the responsibility of the National Service of Meteorology and Hydrology of Peru (SENAMHI) and the secondary objectives of calculating the maximum and minimum predicted temperatures through time series. The method used for the estimation of global mean daily solar radiation monthly and yearly was modeling using the empirical model Bristow-Campbell and for the forecast of temperatures was used the time series using the documentary technique of historical data of the website of SENAMHI from the years 2000 to 2015. It was determined seasonal predictive models to predict maximum and minimum temperatures to 2017 of the 19 stations of the Junín Region. With predicted extreme temperatures, global average daily solar radiation was estimated by means of the validated Bristow-Campbell empirical model with recorded data to estimate the coefficient a considering the altitude, obtaining that there are differences between the Sierra and Selva, being in the Sierra the average values at 6 kWh/m²/day and in Jungle 4 kWh/m²/day, both values are profitable for their application with the purpose of producing heat, cold and electricity with solar energy. These results validate the Bristow- Campbell model to reliably estimate monthly average and annual average global solar radiation, using extreme temperatures in the Junín Region - Peru. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Universitas Scientiarum is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between the position and item of work and training in solar protection in working population of eight countries of Latin America. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A cross-sectional of secondary analysis of data study was done from April to June 2017. The population was the workers that manifested that they were exposed to sunlight while they worked, in them it was measured if had received talks for protection on this aspect, being contrasted versus the position, job category of their company and other socio-labor variables. Statistics of association were obtained. RESULTS: Of 3238 workers, the median of years exposed to the solar radiation was of 5 (interquartile range: 2-10 years) and 3 the hours of exposition a day (interquartile range: 2-7 hours); Peru was the country with the biggest training (54%). In the multivariate analysis it was found that the ones that had smaller frequencies of training were the ones that labored in the item of raw material and performed like dockworkers. On the contrary, the ones that had more capacitation were farmers, staff of cleanliness, engineers and the staff of health. CONCLUSION: Some positions/job categories and countries neglect the trainings in this matter, that it is important due to the proven risk factor for dermic problems and even cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The skin is the largest part of the human body and was been exposed to damage from solar radiation every day, and this exposition can cause blushing until skin cancer. Brazil is the second place in the world of sunscreens consumption, and even with this, the local research conclude that the population use incorrectly these products maybe not having the benefits from this cosmetic formulation. The project entitled "Skin Protection", reports the experiences of the actions developed by the team formed by teacher and students from Pharmacy Course of the University Cesmac. Project members considering changes in skin caused by sun exposure, idealized promoting the rational use of sunscreens in Maceio city State of Alagoas - Brazil during the period from February to December 2016. The interventions involved verbal and written information about how and when to use sunscreens, way of photoprotection, different choices of solar protection factor (SPF) x skin photo type, the amount of sunscreen and when to use, how and when to reapply, ideal time of exposure and explanation about the new labeling terms. The project reach 22 actions with approximately 1000 people approached and sensitized by the different interventions. All the actions were worthwhile, interactive and were an economic method of exchanging information with the public. The idea was implemented as a permanent extension project of the Cesmac University Pharmacy Course due to the success, population interest and gratification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the model of Bird and Hulstrom with the purpose of knowing the criteria that must be taken into account in its formulation, and to observe the degree of precision of this in regard to the prediction of the solar resource. The importance of this evaluation lies in the possibility of developing tools that allow institutions and researchers to estimate the solar resource with a high degree of accuracy and precision, without having specific technologies for that purpose. To fulfill this purpose, the data estimated with this model were subjected to a regression analysis against data obtained from direct measurements made through pyranometers in three stations, one located in the city of Barranquilla and the other two located in municipalities belonging to its metropolitan area (Puerto Colombia and Soledad). On the other hand, its correlation coefficient was compared with that of the Angström-Prescott model used by the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (IDEAM), with the aim of having a standard that would allow conclusions regarding the degree of precision and adjustment of the model. It was found that the Bird and Hulstrom model does not represent a significant improvement in the fit of the data compared to the model used by the IDEAM (Angström-Prescott). It was also concluded that the solar resource in the city of Barranquilla is one of the best in the country, with an average incidence that moves between 5.25kWh / m2 and 6.8kWh / m2 throughout the year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice crop productivity is influenced by climatic conditions such as solar radiation, temperature, and water availability during its vegetative and reproductive stage. In Colombia, rice cultivation is carried out throughout the year; so, it is necessary to identify the sowing dates where high yields are obtained, and which physiologic and climatic factors significantly influence them. Therefore, this research aimed to identify the key climatic and physiological factors that allow maximizing the yield and maintaining good productivity in sowing dates with optimal and deficient environmental conditions, respectively. The experiment was carried out in a rice producing region in northern of Tolima, Colombia from 2015 to 2016. Ten sowing dates were established, with a randomized complete block design in a divided strips arrangement. For each sowing date, climatic conditions were tracked, and growth, development, and yield of rice plant were evaluated. Also, the photosynthetic rate was assessed on five sowing dates. Results showed that physiologic factors that have more relation with crop yield are plant height, leaf area index and dry mass accumulation between phenological stages 37 and 49; whereas the unique climatic factor, that was highly related to yield, was solar radiation between phenological stages 51 to 77. Furthermore, when the optimum values of each variable were reached, a yield higher than 9,500 kg ha-1 was achieved. No relation was observed between the photosynthesis rate of at leaf level and yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]