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1. Chapter 3 - From science questions to Solar System exploration

Author

Dehant, V, Blanc, M., Mackwell, Steve, Soderlund, K., Beck, Pierre, Bunce, E., Charnoz, S., Foing, B, Filice, Valerio, Flechter, Leigh, Forget, Francois, Griton, L., Hammel, H.B., Höning, Dennis, Imamura, Takeshi, Jackman, Caitriona, Kaspi, Yohai, Korablev, Oleg, Leconte, Jeremy, Lellouch, E., Marty, B., Mangold, Nicolas, Michel, Patrick, Morbidelli, A., Mousis, Olivier, Prieto-Ballesteros, O., Spohn, Tilman, Schmidt, J., Sterken, Veerle, Tosi, Nicola, Vandaele, A.C., Vernazza, Pierre, Vazan, Allona, and Westall, Frances

Subjects
Planetary Exploration, Solar System
Published
2022

2. Ice giant system exploration within ESA’s Voyage 2050

Author

Nadine Nettleman, Paolo Tortora, Jonathan J. Fortney, Ricardo Hueso, David Andrews, Jürgen Schmidt, Francesca Ferri, Adam Masters, Ravit Helled, Gabriel Tobie, O. Mousis, Nicolas André, Léa Griton, Michele T. Bannister, Diego Turrini, Amy Simon, Yohai Kaspi, Paul Hartogh, Geraint H. Jones, Thibault Cavalié, Laurent Lamy, Elias Roussos, Christina Plainaki, Leigh N. Fletcher, Julianne I. Moses, Emma J. Bunce, Davide Grassi, Sébastien Charnoz, Federico Tosi, Henrik Melin, ASP 2021, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Fletcher, LN, Helled, R, Roussos, E, Jones, G, Charnoz, S, Andre, N, Andrews, D, Bannister, M, Bunce, E, Cavalie, T, Ferri, F, Fortney, J, Grassi, D, Griton, L, Hartogh, P, Hueso, R, Kaspi, Y, Lamy, L, Masters, A, Melin, H, Moses, J, Mousis, O, Nettleman, N, Plainaki, C, Schmidt, J, Simon, A, Tobie, G, Tortora, P, Tosi, F, and Turrini, D

Subjects
Solar System, History, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Uranus, Agency (philosophy), Cornerstone, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, Ice Giant, White paper, Uranu, Planetary exploration, Space and Planetary Science, Neptune, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Ice giant, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Of all the myriad environments in our Solar System, the least explored are the distant Ice Giants Uranus and Neptune, and their diverse satellite and ring systems. These ‘intermediate-sized’ worlds are the last remaining class of Solar System planet to be characterised by a dedicated robotic mission, and may shape the paradigm for the most common outcome of planetary formation throughout our galaxy. In response to the 2019 European Space Agency call for scientific themes in the 2030s and 2040s (known as Voyage 2050), we advocated that an international partnership mission to explore an Ice Giant should be a cornerstone of ESA’s science planning in the coming decade, targeting launch opportunities in the early 2030s. This article summarises the inter-disciplinary science opportunities presented in that White Paper [1], and briefly describes developments since 2019.

Published
2021

3. Ice Giant Systems: The scientific potential of orbital missions to Uranus and Neptune

Author

Michele T. Bannister, Emma J. Bunce, Francesca Ferri, Christina Plainaki, O. Mousis, Léa Griton, Paolo Tortora, Paul Hartogh, Nadine Nettleman, Federico Tosi, Henrik Melin, Ravit Helled, Julianne I. Moses, Jonathan J. Fortney, Jürgen Schmidt, Yohai Kaspi, Leigh N. Fletcher, Diego Turrini, Ricardo Hueso, Sébastien Charnoz, Laurent Lamy, Nicolas André, Amy Simon, Thibault Cavalié, David Andrews, Elias Roussos, Gabriel Tobie, Adam Masters, Geraint H. Jones, Davide Grassi, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ASP 2020, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Royal Society, ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, DEU, FIN, ISR, SWE, University of Zurich, Fletcher, Leigh N, Fletcher L.N., Helled R., Roussos E., Jones G., Charnoz S., Andre N., Andrews D., Bannister M., Bunce E., Cavalie T., Ferri F., Fortney J., Grassi D., Griton L., Hartogh P., Hueso R., Kaspi Y., Lamy L., Masters A., Melin H., Moses J., Mousis O., Nettleman N., Plainaki C., Schmidt J., Simon A., Tobie G., Tortora P., Tosi F., Turrini D., Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)

Subjects
Solar System, History, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 530 Physics, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, Giant planet, Orbiter, 1912 Space and Planetary Science, Neptune, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences, Ice giants, Giant planets, Robotic missions, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Uranus, Orbiters, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Probe, Planetary science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, 10231 Institute for Computational Science, 3103 Astronomy and Astrophysics, Natural satellite, Probes, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Circumstellar habitable zone, Ice giant, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Uranus and Neptune, and their diverse satellite and ring systems, represent the least explored environments of our Solar System, and yet may provide the archetype for the most common outcome of planetary formation throughout our galaxy. Ice Giants will be the last remaining class of Solar System planet to have a dedicated orbital explorer, and international efforts are under way to realise such an ambitious mission in the coming decades. In 2019, the European Space Agency released a call for scientific themes for its strategic science planning process for the 2030s and 2040s, known as Voyage 2050. We used this opportunity to review our present-day knowledge of the Uranus and Neptune systems, producing a revised and updated set of scientific questions and motivations for their exploration. This review article describes how such a mission could explore their origins, ice-rich interiors, dynamic atmospheres, unique magnetospheres, and myriad icy satellites, to address questions at the heart of modern planetary science. These two worlds are superb examples of how planets with shared origins can exhibit remarkably different evolutionary paths: Neptune as the archetype for Ice Giants, whereas Uranus may be atypical. Exploring Uranus' natural satellites and Neptune's captured moon Triton could reveal how Ocean Worlds form and remain active, redefining the extent of the habitable zone in our Solar System. For these reasons and more, we advocate that an Ice Giant System explorer should become a strategic cornerstone mission within ESA's Voyage 2050 programme, in partnership with international collaborators, and targeting launch opportunities in the early 2030s., Comment: 34 pages, 9 figures, accepted to Planetary and Space Science

Published
2020

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