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This article investigates the influence of NaPF6 salt content (0–30 wt.% in a varying interval of 5 wt.%) on the structural, electrical, and biodegradable properties of HEC/NaPF6 solid biopolymer electrolyte (SBE) films. The interaction of salt with the HEC polymer matrix is confirmed by FTIR and SEM studies. The elemental composition and mapping confirm the appearance of NaPF6 moieties in the HEC polymer matrix. XRD deconvolution reveals that HEC samples with 20 wt.% (H4) and 10 wt.% of salt (H2) have a significantly lower crystallinity index than pure HEC polymer. The H2 and H4 samples show the highest room temperature conductivity values (1.62 × 10−5 and 1.13 × 10−5 S cm−1, respectively) among all other prepared samples since carrier concentration influences the ionic conductivity and shares a similar order of conductivity. Thus, the H2 and H4 samples are employed as electrolyte separators in the sodium ion battery, and the results suggest that the H2‐based electrolyte system is more significant. Battery matrices like open circuit voltage (V), current density (μA cm−2), power density (mW kg−1), energy density (Wh kg−1) and discharge capacity (μA h−1) were calculated and found to be 2.48, 5.49, 44.60, 1.69, and 71.05, respectively for H2 electrolyte based cell. Wagner polarization reveals that H2 and H4 constitute the predominant charge carriers (ions) with total ion transference numbers of ⁓0.98 and ⁓0.99, respectively. To evaluate sample degradability, H2 and H4 samples were subjected to 20 and 5‐day biodegradation processes, during which the polymers completely (100%) broke down. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increased interest in the transition from liquid to solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) has driven enormous research in the area polymer electrolyte technology. Solid biopolymer electrolytes (SBEs) are a special class of SPEs that are obtained from natural polymers. Recently, SBEs have been generating much attention because they are simple, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly. In this work, SBEs based on glycerol-plasticized methylcellulose/pectin/potassium phosphate (MC/PC/K3PO4) are investigated for their potential application in an electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC). The structural, electrical, thermal, dielectric, and energy moduli of the SBEs were analyzed via X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), transference number measurement (TNM), and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The plasticizing effect of glycerol in the MC/PC/K3PO4/glycerol system was confirmed by the change in the intensity of the samples' FTIR absorption bands. The broadening of the XRD peaks demonstrates that the amorphous component of SBEs increases with increasing glycerol concentration, while EIS plots demonstrate an increase in ionic conductivity with increasing plasticizer content owing to the formation of charge-transfer complexes and the expansion of amorphous domains in polymer electrolytes (PEs). The sample containing 50% glycerol has a maximal ionic conductivity of about 7.5 × 10−4 scm−1, a broad potential window of 3.99 V, and a cation transference number of 0.959 at room temperature. Using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) test, the EDLC constructed from the sample with the highest conductivity revealed a capacitive characteristic. At 5 mVs−1, a leaf-shaped profile with a specific capacitance of 57.14 Fg−1 was measured based on the CV data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid polymer blend electrolyte (SPE) films of Polyethylene oxide(PEO)/Carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) doped with Sodium iodide (NaI), were prepared by solution cast method and their structural, optical and electrical properties were investigated using X-Ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectrophotometer and Electrical impedance analyser respectively. X-Ray diffraction spectra indicate that, deformation occurred in the structure of the blend followed by doping with NaI salt. The variation in intensity and shifting of characteristic bands in FTIR spectra provides the evidence for formation of complex due to the interaction occurred in the blend with the dopant. Optical energy band gap decreases in the blend samples upon doping and is confirmed by UV–Vis spectrophotometer analysis. Increase of dielectric constant and loss upon doping, exhibits usual behaviour of the polymer electrolytes. An increase in AC conductivity is observed upon doping and maximum conductivity of 9.41 × 10−3 Scm−1 is obtained for 10/90 sample doped with 0.03% Sodium iodide and DC conductivity for the same sample at room temperature is 1.05 × 10–2 Scm−1. In addition, I-T studies confirm the conductivity exhibited by the sample as due to ions and I-V studies show electrochemical stability in the range of good working potential. From the results obtained, it can be inferred that, the prepared sample can be used as polymer electrolytes in the manufacturing of energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the structural and electrical properties of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC)–pectin (PC)–glycerol–NH 4 Br electrolyte films and investigates their potential applications in proton batteries. Plasticized solid polymer electrolyte (SPEs) films were fabricated using the solution casting method. The interaction between the salt and polymer blends was verified using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. Incorporation of various salt concentrations (up to 25 wt%) was found to enhance the amorphous phase of the polymer blend, as evidenced by X-ray diffraction (XRD) results. Additionally, the decrease in the glass transition temperature, as confirmed by DSC analysis, indicates that the inclusion of both plasticizer and salt contributed to this effect. An electrolyte with 25% wt. of NH 4 Br has the highest room temperature conductivity of 4.68 × 10−4 S cm−1. This electrolyte was employed to fabricate the proton battery for energy storage application. [Display omitted] • Plasticized PC/NaCMC-NH 4 Br has been successfully synthesized. • Plasticized PC/NaCMC-NH 4 Br SPE shows ionic conductivity of 4.68 × 10-4 (S cm-1) along with an LSV up to 2.4 V. • The plasticized PC/NaCMC-NH 4 Br sample with the highest conductivity exhibits a low crystallinity index (χ %) of 11.98. • Transport properties through Nyquist plot fitting aligned with ionic conductivity trend. • The proton battery with 25 wt% of salt concentration demonstrates an OCV of 1.2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]