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The study presents the results of a three-year experiment (2013–2015) that was carried out to determine a relationship between the soybean yield components and the seed yield under different irrigation treatments. The results indicated that the study year had the greatest effect on the number of nodes per plant (NNP), while an interaction between the irrigation and experiment year was also statistically significant. The highest average NNP was observed in 2015, being 33% higher when compared to the year 2014. The highest number of seeds per plant (NSP) was observed in 2015, being 20% and 31% higher when compared to 2013 and 2014. An abundant irrigation resulted in the highest NSP when compared to a rational and control treatment. Irrigation, study year, and their interaction did not have a statistically significant effect on the thousand seed weight (TSW) (g), but the lowest average TSW (g) was obtained in the control treatment of each study year. Regression models pertaining to the seed yield prediction in the control treatment and rational irrigation were not statistically significant. However, in the abundant irrigation, the regression model based on the TSW (g), NNP, and the NSP as the predictors provided for a statistically significant model seed yield prediction, but only the NSP was identified as a highly significant seed yield predictor.

Monitoring of crop properties using UAV is a novel procedure in agricultural practice, allowing the detection of anomalies and the adjustment of crop management. In this research, five cyclic imaging repetitions were conducted for soybean agricultural parcel located in Donji Miholjac. Monitored soybean growth stages were a reference stage before sowing, fourth trifoliolate, beginning pod and beginning maturity stage. Images collected in the field were processed by Structure-from- Motion algorithm for the creation of digital orthophoto. Four complementary vegetation indices calculated from red, green and blue spectral channels of digital orthophoto were used for the interpretation of crop properties. The low-cost and effectiveness of UAV in crop monitoring showed potential for implementation in agricultural practice.

U trogodišnjim poljskim ispitivanjima utvrđen je utjecaj godine, tretmana navodnjavanja i sorte na visinu biljaka i urod zrna soje u uvjetima istočne Hrvatske. Statistički vrlo značajan utjecaj (P=0,01) na visinu biljaka soje pokazuju sva tri ispitivana faktora, kao i njihove interakcije, izuzev interakcije navodnjavanja i sorte koja je bila značajna na razini P=0,05. Na urod zrna soje ispitivani faktori, kao i sve njihove interakcije, utječu na razini značajnosti P=0,01. Dobivene vrijednosti uroda zrna soje tijekom istraživanja (uglavnom veće od 3000 kg ha-1), ukazuju na važnost odabira sorte i tretmana navodnjavanja u prilagodbi proizvodnje soje nepovoljnim vremenskim utjecajima godine., Three-year field trials determined the influence of the year, irrigation treatment and varieties on plant height and grain yield of soybeans in the eastern Croatia conditions. All three investigated factors, as well as their interactions, with the exception of irrigation interactions and varieties that were significant at P=0.05, show a statistically significant influence (P=0.01) on the height of soybean plants. Soybean grain yields, as well as all their interactions, affect the significance level P=0.01. The obtained values of soybean grain yields during the study (mostly greater than 3000 kg ha-1) indicate the importance of selecting appropriate varieties and irrigation treatment in adapting soybean production to adverse weather effects of the year.

It was concluded that soybean production was not highly profitable. It was necessary to cultivate larger areas (with the higher yields) and to make soybean production more profitable. Average soybean yield by the Institute was 3.30 t ha-1 (genetic potential of soybean in Croatia is up to 5.00 t ha-1). Total production costs were 1.177.55 € ha-1, total production value was 1.310.72 € ha-1 and state subsidies amounted to 325.64 € ha-1. Working productivity was 242.30 kg of soybean per hour of labor. There was a profit of 133.17 € ha-1, based on coefficient of production efficiency of 1.11.

An annual investigation of energy consumption and machinery work with three various soil tillage practices at soybean production, vriety Tisa, was conducted in east Croatia. Conventional, conservation and no till were tillage practices applied. Energy comparison indicates a markedly energy consumption at the conventional soil tillage (ploughing, disking and seeding)with 56, 86 kg/ha or 18, 85 kg/t of the diesel (D-2) fuel. More convinient variant is conservation soil tillage (shovel loosening, disking seeding)demanding 45, 51 kg/ha or 16, 88 kg/t being 20 % i.e. 10, 5 % less compared to the conventional practice. The most favourable variant, in terms of energy, is no till with only 5, 71 kg/ha or 1, 86 kg/t of diesel D-2, being 90 % less compared to the conventional practice. Comparison of the investigated variants productivity indicates that conventional practice requires 1, 97 h/ha or 0, 65 h/t, conservation 1, 40 h/ha or 0, 52 h/t being 29 % i.3. 20 % whereas no till demands only 0, 29 h/ha or 0, 09 h/t being 85, 3 % i.e. 86, 2 % less compared to the conventional one. Direct soybean seeding resulted in reducing production costs of 130, 74 euro/ha, primarily due to reduction of soil tillage and chemical protection. The lowest yield of 2, 70 t/ha was accomplished with a conservation tillage and the highest one of 3.07 t/ha by no till application.

An annual investigation of energy consumption and machinery work with three various soil tillage practices at soybean production, variety Tisa (1st group) was conducted in east Croatia area (45 30 N, 18 07 E). Conventiona, conservation and no till were tillage practices applied. Energy comparison indicates a markedly energy consumption at the conventional soil tillage (ploughing, disking and seeding) with 56, 86 kg/ha and 18, 85 kg/t of the diesel fuel. More convenient variant is conservation soil tillage (shovel loosening, disking, seeding) demanding 45, 51 kg/ha and 16, 88 kg/t, being 10, 5% less compared to the conventional practice. The most favourable variant, in terms of energy, is no till with only 5, 71 kg/ha and 1, 86 kg/t of diesel fuel, being 90% less compared to the conventional practice. Comparison of the investigated variants productivity indicates that conventional practice requires 1, 97 h/ ha and 0, 65 h/t, conservation 1, 40 h/ha and 0, 52 h/t being 29% i.e. 20% whereas no till demands only 0, 29 h/ha and 0, 09 h/t being 85, 3% i.e. 86, 2% less compared to the conventional one. Direct soybean seeding resulted in reducing production costs of (130, 74?/ha), primarly due to soil tillage and chemical protection mission. The lowest yield of 2, 70 t/ha was accomplished with conservation tillage and the highest one of 3, 07 t/ha by no till application.

U ovom radu analizirana je tehnologija uzgoja kukuruza i soje na OPG-u „Ivica Podboj“ u 2019. godini. Agrotehničke mjere od obrade tla do same žetve usjeva obavljene su u skladu s pravilima struke. Usjev kukuruza i soje s obzirom na vremenske prilike koje su pratile 2019. godinu dali su zadovoljavajući sklop i prinos. Vlasnik je poštovao sve agrotehničke rokove i obavio sve potrebne sgrotehničke mjere u skladu s raspoloživom mehanizacijom i vremenskim prilikama u cilju dobivanja što većih prinosa i što bolje kakvoće uzgajanih usjeva. Da bi se umanjile štete i povećao prinos usjeva treba provoditi preventivne mjere zaštite bilja, a to su agrotehničke i mehaničke. Manjak oborina, odnosno sušni period uzrokovao je probleme u razvoju usjeva. Također, manjak oborina zabilježen je u kolovozu i rujnu koje je donekle stabilizirala vlaga koja je bila dostupna od prethodna dva mjeseca., In this paper, he analyzed the technology of growing corn and soybeans on the family farm "Ivica Podboj" in 2019. Agrotechnical measures from tillage yielding the same crop harvests are carried out in accordance with the rules of the profession. The corn and soybean crop with the weather conditions that followed in 2019 gave a satisfactory set and yields. The owner respected all agro-technical deadlines and performed all the necessary agro-technical measures in accordance with the available mechanization and weather conditions at the time of obtaining the higher yields and the best possible quality of cultivated crops. In order to reduce damage and increase yields, preventive plant protection measures should be implemented, up to dry agrotechnical and mechanical. The lack of precipitation, ie the dry period, was caused by problems in crop development. Also, a lack of precipitation was recorded in August and September which was done to stabilize the moisture that was available from the previous two months

Soja (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) je jedna od najstarijih i najvažnijih kulturnih biljaka u svijetu. Uvođenjem GIS i GNSS tehnologija u poljoprivrednoj mehanizaciji počela se razvijati precizna poljoprivreda čiji je cilj približiti se svakoj biljci i stvoriti joj optimalne uvjete za rast i razvoj. Cilj ovog rada je cikličko snimanje s ciljem istraživanja praćenja usjeva tako da se odredi u kojim fenološkim fazama soje je potrebno provesti snimanje. Tlo, svijetlo, vlaga i temperatura su primarni vanjski činitelji koji utječu na urod soje. Tijekom snimanja zadane površine upotrebljavana je bespilotna letjelica Phantom 4 2.0 Pro. Ovakva vrsta bespilotne letjelice je izuzetno pametna te niskobudžetna jer sa svojom kamerom može pratiti predmet bez zasebnoga uređaja i izbjegavati prepreke koje se nalaze na putu. Podatci koji su u istraživanju prikupljeni bespilotnom letjelicom uneseni su u računalne programe. Pomoću QGIS-a izrađen je kartografski prikaz, dok su u SAGA GIS-u izračunati vegetacijski indeksi VARI, NGRDI, GLI te ExG. Vegetacijski indeksi koji su izrađeni pokazali su različita odstupanja u određenim fazama vegetacije. To pokazuje da bi se za neke faze, kao što je u ovom istraživanju bilo praćenje soje, trebali koristiti određeni vegetacijski indeksi., Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is one of the oldest and most important cultivated plants in the world. Precise agriculture, whose goal is to get closer to any plant and to create optimal conditions for growth and development of these plants, started to develop by implementing GIS and GNSS technology in agricultural mechanization. The goal of the paper is monitoring crops to see in which phenological phase is recording necessary, and that is possible with cyclic monitoring. Ground, light, humidity and temperature are primal external factors that effect the soy harvest. Drone Phantom 4 2.0 Pro was being used during the recording of provided area. This kind of drone is very sophisticated and low-budget because it can follow the object without additional device and also avoid obstacles that are on its way. Collected data is imported in computer software. Cartographic display is made in QGIS, while vegetal indexes VARI, NGRDI, GLI, ExG etc. are made in SAGA GIS. Mentioned vegetal indexes showed different deviations in certain phases of vegetation. That implicates that for some phases (e.g. tracking growth phases of soy) certain vegetal indexes should be used.

Tijekom trogodišnjeg istraživanja (2013.-2015.) koje je provedeno na pokušalištu Poljoprivrednog Instituta Osijek istraživan je utjecaj navodnjavanja, gnojidbe dušikom i genotipa na prinos i kakvoću zrna soje (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Pokus je postavljen po split split plot metodi, u tri ponavljanja, gdje je glavni čimbenik bio tretman navodnjavanjem (A1 – kontrola, A2 – racionalno navodnjavanje, A3 – bogato navodnjavanje), podčimbenik - gnojidba dušikom (B1 – kontrola, bez gnojidbe dušikom; B2 – gnojidba sa 100 kg N ha-1 i B3 – gnojidba s 200 kg N ha-1) i pod podčimbenik - sorta (Lucija, Vita, Ika i Tena). Analizom varijance utvrđen je značajan utjecaj navodnjavanja na visinu prinosa, masu 1000 zrna i randman zrna kroz sve godine istraživanja, a na sadržaj bjelančevina i ulja u 2015. odnosno 2013. godini. Na masu 1000 zrna, hektolitarsku masu, sadržaj bjelančevina i ulja u 2013. godini i energiju klijanja u 2015. godini, gnojidba dušikom je imala značajan utjecaj, kao i na visinu prinosa u svim istraživanim godinama. Utjecaj genotipa je bio značajan za visinu prinosa, sadržaj vode u zrnu soje, masu 1000 zrna i randman zrna u svim godinama. Sadržaj bjelančevina i ulja je bio pod značajnim utjecajem genotipa u 2013. i 2014., odnosno u 2014. i 2015. godini. Energija klijanja i klijavost su varirale pod utjecajem genotipa u 2014. i 2015. godini istraživanja. Tijekom istraživanja su utvrđene brojne korelacije između fizikalnih i kemijskih svojstava zrna i visine prinosa. U 2013. godini prinos je slabo korelirao s hektolitarskom masom. Jake korelacije negativnog smjera utvrđene su između sadržaja ulja i prinosa zrna soje, hektolitarske mase, mase 1000 zrna i sadržaja bjelančevina. U 2014. godini utvrđene su jake korelacije pozitivnog smjera mase 1000 zrna s kemijskim svojstvima zrna soje, kao i slaba korelacija negativnog smjera između hektolitarske mase i sadržaja ulja. U 2015. godini prinos je pozitivno korelirao s masom 1000 zrna i sadržajem bjelančevina, a negativno sa sadržajem ulja. Kemijska svojstva zrna su u 2015. godini imali vrlo jaku korelaciju negativnog smjera., During three-year research period (2013-2015) carried out on the experiment fields of the Agricultural Institute of Osijek the effects of irrigation, nitrogen fertilization and genotype on the yield and quality of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) were investigated. The experiment was set up by split- split--plot design in three repetitions with the irrigation treatment as a main factor (A1 – control, A2 – rational irrigation, A3 – abundant irrigation), nitrogen fertilization was the sub-factor (B1 – control, without nitrogen fertilization; B2 – fertilization with 100 kg N ha-1 and B3 – fertilization with 200 kg N ha-1) and the second sub-factor was the soybean variety (Lucija, Vita, Ika and Tena). Analysis of variance confirmed the significant influence of irrigation of the yield, mass of 1000 grains and soybean seed production output in all research years, as well as on the content of protein and oil in 2015 and 2013, respectively. Nitrogen fertilization had influence on the mass of 1000 grains, hectoliter mass, content of protein and oil in 2013, and on germination energy in 2015, as well as on the yield in all research years. The influence of genotype had significant effect on the yield, content of water in soybean grain, mass of 1000 grains and randman of soybean seed in all research years. The genotype has significantly influenced the protein content in 2013 and 2014 and the oil content in 2014 and 2015. Germination energy and germination varied under the influence of genotype in 2014 and 2015. During the research numerous correlations determined between physical and chemical properties of grain and yield. In 2013, the yield was in poor correlation with the hectoliter mass. Strong correlations of negative direction were determined between the oil content and yield of soybean, hectoliter mass, mass of 1000 grains and protein content. In 2014, strong correlations of positive direction were determined between the mass of 1000 grains and the chemical properties of soybean grain, as well as weak correlation of negative direction between the hectoliter mass and the oil content. In 2015, the soybean yield was in positive correlation with the mass of 1000 grains and the protein content, and in negative correlation with the oil content. In 2015, chemical properties of grain had a very strong correlation of negative direction.

Poljoprivredna djelatnost „Lešić Ivica“ iz Bošnjaka, Vukovarsko-srijemska županija, osnovana je 2012. godine, a bavi se proizvodnjom ratarskih usjeva. U sezoni 2015.-2016. uzgajani su soja, kukuruz i pšenica. Vlasnik je poštovao sve agrotehničke rokove i obavio sve potrebne agrotehničke mjere u cilju dobivanja što većih prinosa i što bolje kakvoće uzgajanih usjeva. Postignuti su ovi prosječni prinosi: 4,5 t/ha zrna soje, 7,7 t/ha zrna kukuruza i 6,9 t/ha zrna pšenice., Family farm “Lešić Ivica”, Bošnjaci, Vukovar-Srijem County, was was established in 2012, and is engaged in the production of agricultural crops. Soybean, corn and wheat were grown in the season 2015.2016. The owner has respected all agro-technical deadlines and has made all the necessary agrotechnical measures in order to obtain the highest yields and the better quality of the cultivated crops. These average yields were achieved: 4.5 t ha-1 soybean grain, 7.7 t ha-1 corn grain and 6.9 t ha-1 wheat grain.

Soja je industrijska biljka, čije zrno sadrži visokokvalitetno ulje i bjelančevine. Osim za ishranu ljudi i domaćih životinja koristi se kao sirovina za veliki broj industrija. Živi u simbiozi s kvržičnim bakterijama koje ju opskrbljuju dušikom, što predstavlja znatnu financijsku uštedu u proizvodnji. Dio tog dušika na raspolaganju je slijedećoj kulturi u plodoredu. Zbog velike prilagodljivosti i velikog broja sorti uzgaja se u cijelom svijetu. Republika Hrvatska ima povoljne agroklimatološke uvjete za uzgoj soje, pa se veliki broj obiteljskih poljoprivrednih gospodarstava odlučuje za uzgoj . Prinosi zrna su u u pravilu u pozitivnoj koleraciji s oborinama, relativnom vlagom zraka, te vlagom tla.. Na površinama Obiteljskog poljoprivrednog gospodarstva „Fritz“ iz Nuštra prinosi zrna soje (sorte Ika) u prosjeku su iznosili 3,0 t/ha, što je nešto niže od potencijala rodnosti ove sorte, ali zadovoljavajuće, jer je u vegetaciji soje 2014. godine palo znatno više oborina od višegodišnjeg prosjeka i to u nepovoljnom rasporedu. Kako ovo gospodarstvo ima ugovorenu proizvodnju i otkup zrna soje, u konačnici se može reći da je bila financijski isplativa, Soybean is an industrial plant, whose grain contains high-quality oil and protein. Except for human and domestic animal feed, it is used as a raw material for a large number of industries. He lives in symbiosis with the bacteria supplying it with nitrogen, which is a significant financial saving in production. Part of this nitrogen is available for the next cultures in crop rotation. Because of its great adaptability and a large number of varieties, it is grown all over the world. The Republic of Croatia has favorable agro-climatic conditions for growing soy, so a large number of family farms decide on breeding. The grain yields are in principle in positive cholera with relative humidity, soil moisture and soil moisture. On the surfaces of the family farm "Fritz" from Nuštar, yields of soybean grain (Ika variety) were on average 3.0 t / ha, which is Somewhat lower than the potency of the genus of this variety, but satisfactory, because soybean vegetation in 2014 has fallen considerably more rainfall than a multi-annual average and unfavorable. As this economy has contracted production and purchase of soy beans, it can ultimately be said that it was financially profitable