Search

Subjective well-being research increasingly uses web surveys to understand how subjective well-being indicators are related to other concepts of interest. Although we know that mean scores on these indicators may differ between modes, we know little about whether a move to web will influence the conclusions we draw about our conceptual models. This study uses data from a unique mixed-mode survey collected in Croatia and Germany as part of the Generations and Gender Programme to examine whether the relationships between a range of subjective well-being indicators and a set of objective and subjective determinants differ between respondents answering these questions in face-to-face or web mode. Although respondents report lower subjective well-being in web than in face-to-face mode, the relationships between these variables and a range of objective and subjective indicators are relatively stable across modes. This suggests that substantive conclusions about antecedents of subjective well-being do not depend on whether data are collected via a face-to-face interview or through web survey.

While it has become fashionable in the arena of international health to think about health systems, the theoretical underpinning of Niklas Luhmann's vast and productive theory has been given too little consideration in the field. It is rich in concepts that can facilitate a fuller understanding of what health systems are. João Costa applies these concepts and shows the analytical possibilities they open up. He argues concisely how Luhmann's Social Systems Theory offers an integrated theoretical body as well as a consistent articulation of concepts that can lay the groundwork for a vastly improved health systems thinking.

In diesem Beitrag wird die aktuelle soziale Lage in Österreich einschließlich der drängenden sozialen Herausforderungen anhand der Dimensionen "soziale Ungleichheit und soziale Spaltung", "soziale Risiken und soziale Ungewissheit" sowie "soziale Bedürfnisse und soziale Probleme" analysiert. Wir skizzieren dann die Architektur des konservativen österreichischen Wohlfahrtsstaats. Vor allem seit der COVID-Krise werden neben dem traditionellen Instrumentarium sozialpolitischer Interventionen zunehmend diskretionäre Maßnahmen gesetzt. Aus den konstatierten Herausforderungen für die Sozialpolitik und den diagnostizierten Lücken in der Absicherung leiten wir Überlegungen zu einer progressiven Weiterentwicklung des österreichischen Sozialstaats ab, die sich aus den einleitend beschriebenen Dimensionen ableiten lassen: Den Herausforderungen "soziale Ungleichheit und soziale Spaltung" setzen wir die Zielsetzungen "soziale Gleichheit und Solidarität" entgegen. Den Herausforderungen "soziale Risiken und soziale Ungewissheit" stellen wir die Zielsetzungen "soziale Sicherheit und Schaffung von Freiräumen zur Lebensgestaltung" gegenüber. "Soziale Bedürfnisse und soziale Probleme" sollten adressiert werden, indem auf die Zielsetzungen "soziale Rechte und Daseinsvorsorge" fokussiert wird. This contribution analyses the current social situation in Austria, including the pressing social challenges, according to the dimensions "social inequality and social divisions", "social risks and social uncertainty" and "social needs and social problems". We then provide an overview of the architecture of the Austrian welfare state, which is traditionally defined as being part of the conservative welfare state regime. Especially since the Covid-19 crisis, discretionary instruments to target the specific challenges of the crisis have complemented traditional measures of Austrian social policy. Based on our analysis of current challenges and gaps in terms of social security provision, we conclude by discussing elements for a progressively-oriented further development of the Austrian welfare state: We argue to counter challenges of "social inequality and social divisions" with policies aimed at achieving "social equality and solidarity". Challenges of "social risks and social uncertainty" should be addressed by focusing on "social security and capacities to realize the plans for one's life". "Social needs and social problems" ought to be tackled by focusing on "social rights and public services".

Spiele sind beliebte Heuristiken soziologischer Theoriebildung. Ihr Potential für die empirische Forschung wurde bislang aber nicht systematisch erkannt und erprobt. Dieses Working Paper handelt vom Versuch, qualitative Grounded Theory Methodologie und Spielgestaltung im Sinne von Design Games zu verbinden. Wir schließen dabei an die neue Strömung der Designsoziologie an, die über disziplinäre Grenzen hinweg Ideen aus dem Mediendesign in den soziologischen Methodenkanon aufnimmt. Das hier vorgestellte Design Game „Windschatten“ ist der Prototyp für ein Kooperationsspiel mit spezifischen Erkenntnisansprüchen und trägt zu den Debatten der Designsoziologie bei. In diesem Paper stellen wir die methodische Herstellung des Spiels vor und zeigen, wie Designmethoden mit den Prinzipien qualitativer Sozialforschung verknüpft werden können. Die Strukturelemente von Spielen werden dabei als Möglichkeiten erkannt, im Zuge reflexiver und iterativ ausgerichteter qualitativer Forschung empirisch fundierte Thesen über spezifische Forschungsgegenstände methodisch zu testen, habituelle Wahrnehmungs- und Handlungsmuster zu erheben und zugleich kreative Experimentierräume für die beteiligten Forschungssubjekte zu schaffen. Design Games verbinden damit Aspekte rekonstruierender Analyse und engagierter Aktionsforschung. Dieses Working Paper macht die Verfahren und Prozesse der Spielgestaltung transparent, beschreibt das Wechselspiel zwischen der Spielgestaltung und den etablierten Grounded Theory Verfahren im Forschungsprozess und soll damit andere Forschende zur Weitergestaltung des Design Games anregen. Mit der angehängten Spielanleitung möchten wir zudem dazu anregen, das Spiel „Windschatten“ in neue Kontexte und für neue Forschungszwecke zu nutzen. Die Spielanleitung und einige grafische Spieleelemente sind dem Working Paper beigelegt., Games are popular heuristics of sociological theory. However, their potential for empirical research has not yet been systematically recognized and tested. In this working paper, we attempt to combine qualitative grounded theory methodology and game design in the sense of design games. With the rise of digital media as a major sociological topic, scholars also pointed to the methodological potentials of media design for qualitative inquiries. We present the design game “Windschatten” (”slipstream“) as a prototype for a cooperative game with specific research interests. By doing so this paper contributes to the debates of design sociology by making transparent how a particular experimental design method can be linked methodologically with qualitative social research. The structural elements of games are introduced as means to empirically test grounded theories about specific research objects in the course of reflexive and iterative qualitative research, to analyze habitual patterns of perception and action, and to create experimental spaces of creativity for the research subjects involved. We argue that design games thereby link analytical qualitative research with democratic and participatory processes of inquiry. The working paper makes the procedures and processes of game design transparent, describes its interplay with established grounded theory procedures in the research process, and thus aims to inspire other researchers to further develop and use the design game “Winschatten”.

Vermögen ist in Österreich sehr ungleich verteilt. Seit der HFCS-Vermögenserhebung der Oesterreichischen Nationalbank (OeNB) und von Wissenschaftler:innen durchgeführten Hochschätzungen lässt sich besser beziffern, wie groß die Vermögenskonzentration tatsächlich ist. Österreich steht innerhalb der Eurozone mit an der Spitze der Vermögensungleichheit. Die große Mehrheit der in Österreich lebenden Bevölkerung empfindet die bestehende Vermögensverteilung als ungerecht. Vermögensteuern sind ein Weg, die Schieflage zu reduzieren. Das reichste 1 % verfügt über rund 40 % des gesamten Nettovermögens, während die ärmere Hälfte gerade einmal 2,8 % des Nettovermögens besitzt. Die hohe Vermögenskonzentration hat negative wirtschaftliche, demokratiepolitische und ökologische Konsequenzen. Der Überreichtum kann durch Vermögenssteuern reduziert werden. In Austria, wealth is very unequally distributed. Thanks to the HFCS wealth survey conducted by the Austrian National Bank and projections by researchers, it has become easier to quantify the actual extent of wealth concentration. Regarding wealth, Austria is one of the most unequal countries in the Euro area. The vast majority of the population of Austria perceives the existing distribution of wealth as unfair. Wealth taxes are one way to reduce this imbalance. The richest 1 % owns around 40 % of the total net wealth, while the poorer half owns just 2.8 % of net wealth. High wealth concentration has negative impacts on economy, democracy, and the environment. Wealth concentration can be reduced through the introduction of wealth taxes.

In der makrosoziologisch ausgerichteten Intersektionalitätsforschung werden Rassismus, Klassen- und Geschlechterverhältnisse als ‚Strukturkategorien‘ konzeptualisiert. Diese theoretische Rahmung verdinglicht ineinandergreifende und widersprüchliche gesellschaftliche Prozesse und nivelliert zugleich ihre Besonderheiten. Dagegen wird im vorliegenden Text für einen Perspektivwechsel argumentiert: Gesellschaft wird mit Rekurs auf die Kritische Theorie als Totalität begriffen, innerhalb derer die heterogenen Antagonismen in einem dynamischen Verhältnis stehen. Anhand des Verhältnisses von Rassismus und Antisemitismus wird gezeigt, wo Leerstellen des konzeptionellen Rahmens von ‚Rasse‘, Klasse und Geschlecht liegen und warum dagegen eine ideologiekritische Konzeptualisierung von Intersektionalität sinnvoll ist.

The article explores how different factors shape migrants’ transnational social fields and support networks through a comparative study of two different groups of migrants—asylum seekers and expatriates—in Budapest, Hungary. To do so, the study employs a parallel mixed‐methods social network design by combining personal network data with qualitative data based on interviews and ethnographic fieldwork with thirty‐three migrants in the aftermath of the 2015 refugee crisis. The article presents three key findings: First, it finds that asylum seekers’ and expatriates’ networks differ on several key characteristics, as asylum seekers’ close personal networks are less efficient, smaller in size, and show a remarkable lack of friendship and transnational support ties. Second, it also finds that asylum seekers have limited access to social support and, especially so, to financial and emotional support. Lastly, using multi‐level models, the article also demonstrates how migrants’ legal status and the transnationality of their support ties affect their access to financial support, as well as how their gender and legal status shape their access to emotional support. These findings illustrate how migrants’ individual opportunity structures affect their transnational practices alongside their access to social support, while also highlighting the importance of several individual and contextual factors which contribute to the diverse integration processes of migrants.

Leseprobe ----- Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag fokussiert auf transnationale Phanomene in der Schule und fragt danach, welche theoretischen und methodologischmethodischen Fragen sich daran fur die Analyse der (Re-)Produktion sozialer Ungleichheit anschliesen. Ausgehend von der Kritik am Methodologischen Nationalismus sowie postkolonialen und transnationalen Perspektiven wird eine Heuristik transnationaler Bildungswelten entwickelt, deren Potenzial fur die Analyse sozialer Ungleichheit anhand eines empirischen Beispiels aus einer deutschen Sekundarschule entfaltet wird. Auf Basis der Befunde werden abschliesend Moglichkeiten und Grenzen dieses Vorgehens reflektiert. Schlagworter: Transnationalisierung, Methodologischer Nationalismus, Schule, Soziale Ungleichheit, Othering ----- Understanding the Complexity of Transnational Educational Worlds? Theoretical and Methodological Considerations for Analysing the (Re-)Production of Social Inequality in Schools Abstract The contribution focuses on transnational phenomena in schools and asks for theoretical and methodological questions when analysing the (re-)production of social inequality. Based on the critique of methodological nationalism and postcolonial and transnational perspectives, a heuristic of transnational educational worlds is developed, whose potential for the analysis of social inequality is unfolded using an empirical example from a German secondary school. At last, we reflect upon possibilities and limits of this procedure on the basis of the findings. Keywords: transnationalization, methodological nationalism, school, social inequality, Othering ----- Bibliographie: Hinrichsen, Merle/Terstegen, Saskia: Die Komplexitat transnationaler Bildungswelten erfassen? Theoretische und methodologisch-methodische Uberlegungen zur Analyse der (Re-)Produktion sozialer Ungleichheit in der Schule, ZQF – Zeitschrift fur Qualitative Forschung, 1-2021, S. 71-84. https://doi.org/10.3224/zqf.v22i1.06

Economic instability, social changes, and new social policies place economic insecurity high on the scholarly and political agenda. We contribute to these debates by proposing a new multidimensional, intertemporal measure of economic insecurity that accounts for both its multiplicity and its dynamism. First, we develop three theory-driven, multidimensional measures of economic insecurity. Principal Components Analysis validates the measure. Second, we develop a dynamic approach to insecurity, using longitudinal data and a newly revised headcount method. Third, we then use our new measures to analyze the distribution of insecurity in Europe. Our analysis shows that insecurity is widespread across Europe, even in low-inequality, encompassing welfare states. Moreover, it extends across income groups and occupational classes, reaching into the middle classes.

Past experimental research has shown that social exclusion can be linked with radicalism. During the COVID-19 pandemic, feelings of social isolation and loneliness rose, just like protests and violence against national anti-COVID-19 measures did. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that feelings of exclusion induced by measures to contain the spread of COVID-19 were associated with radicalism intentions to illegally and violently fight COVID-19-related regulations among critics of the containment policies (Hypothesis 1). Moreover, we expected that radicalism intentions against COVID-19-related regulations fortified needs deprived by social exclusion (Hypothesis 2). Studying a sample of individuals who opposed the measures to contain the spread of COVID-19 (N = 171), we found evidence for both hypotheses: Results revealed that feelings of social exclusion induced by COVID-19 containment measures predicted radicalism intentions. Moreover, the relationship between exclusion and radicalism was associated with fortifying power issues. Political opinion did not moderate these effects. These data replicate the exclusion-radicalism link in the COVID-19 crisis and add one more factor that may have promoted radical developments during that time. Fortifying feelings of power, radicalism appeared to foster well-being, though at a high political price.

Based on longitudinal data from Germany, we analyze how perceptions of discrimination change once migrants’ integration evolves. Individuals who identify more strongly with the host country, speak the language, have native friends, and are adequately employed report less discrimination overall. However, group-specific analyses reveal that German-born Turks feel more rather than less discriminated against after their language skills and their identification increase. For this group, we find evidence for the “integration paradox”, i.e., the finding that better educated migrants have more rather than less negative attitudes about the host society. Results suggest that attributional processes rather than rising exposure to discrimination might be the main mechanism linking integration to higher levels of perceived discrimination. Obviously, discrimination does not disappear for groups facing salient ethnic boundaries and is met with growing awareness and sensitivity among individuals that have become more similar to the majority of members. This, in turn, by no means implies that perceived discrimination is detached from reality. Im Rahmen einer Längsschnittanalyse des sozio-oekonomischen Panels gehen wir der Frage nach, wie sich Diskriminierungswahrnehmungen von Einwanderern und ihren Nachkommen im Laufe des Integrationsprozesses verändern. Insgesamt betrachtet fühlen sich Migrantinnen und Migranten, deren Integration weiter fortgeschritten ist, seltener aufgrund ihrer Herkunft benachteiligt. Allerdings zeigen gruppenspezifische Analysen, dass in Deutschland geborene Türkeistämmige sich mit zunehmenden deutschen Sprachkenntnissen und zunehmender Identifikation mit Deutschland stärker diskriminiert fühlen. Für diese Gruppe finden wir Hinweise auf ein Integrationsparadox, das heißt für die These, dass gerade besonders weitgehend integrierte Migrantinnen und Migranten negativere Einstellungen zum Zielland aufweisen. Unsere Befunde sprechen dafür, dass diesem Sachverhalt vor allem attributionale Prozesse zugrunde liegen und dagegen, dass Individuen, deren Integration weiter fortgeschritten ist, Diskriminierungsprozessen besonders stark ausgesetzt sind. Gerade wenn diese Herkunftsgruppen angehören, die mit salienten „ethnic boundaries“ konfrontiert sind, verschwindet Diskriminierung mit zunehmender Integration nicht – und trifft gleichzeitig bei den Betroffenen auf ein wachsendes Bewusstsein für Diskriminierung und eine größere Sensitivität gegenüber dieser. Dies bedeutet im Umkehrschluss nicht, dass wahrgenommene Diskriminierung losgelöst von der Realität wäre.

International audience; Using a mixed methods approach, this paper analyses the nexus between migration and social positions drawing on recent survey data on migrants who have arrived in Germany after 1994 (Socio-Economic Panel, SOEP) as well as qualitative interviews with 26 respondents to the survey. Drawing on a Bourdieu’s forms-of-capital approach (Bourdieu, 1986), and applying the method of Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) to the survey data, we highlight two dimensions structuring the nexus between migration and social positions in Germany: 1) capital related to legal status and multiple migration; and 2) (trans)national cultural capital. Through a cluster analysis based on the MCA results, we then identify and describe four profiles of migrants characterised by distinct configurations of cultural capital (social class background, education and linguistic skills before and after settlement), legal status (citizenship and status at migration), experiences of multiple cross-border movements and social positions: The ‘Foreign Working-Class’, the ‘Foreign Middle-Class’, the ‘Adapted German Migrants’, and the ‘Young Highly Educated Urbans’. The complementary analysis of the qualitative data allows us to go further in understanding some of the factors that may play a role in shaping migrants’ social position(ing) in the four clusters. In particular, we show that resources such as determination and perseverance can be crucial for some migrants to counter structural constraints related to their legal status in transferring or accessing cultural capital, and that linguistic skills are also used by some migrants as a marker of social distinction.

Digitalisation oscillates between profound promises of transformation and a nebulous buzzword. The analysis of digital transformation processes leaves hardly any (analysis of) social phenomenon untouched. We argue for understanding digitalisation as a complex and heterogeneous process that cannot be rashly reduced to individual principles or uniform transformation effects. Starting from a working definition of digitalisation, we outline the challenges for social sciences research aiming to conceptualize this heterogeneity. We argue for a more differentiated and socio-historically informed analysis not only of processes of disruptive change through digitalisation, but also of continuities, modifications, and reinforcements. In view of the large number of individual case studies and to avoid one-sided generalisations, comparative analyses of different or supposedly similar digitalisation processes are central. Finally, micro-macro analysis opens up important insights into the multifaceted nature of digital transformation(s), especially in terms of breaks, frictions, and enablements of digitalisation through organising and organisations. Understanding digitalisation as a heterogeneous process does not imply multiplying observations of differences but paying attention to the complexity and embeddedness of digitalisation., Historical Social Research Vol. 47, No. 3 (2022): Special Issue: Digital Transformation(s): On the Entanglement of Long-Term Processes and Digital Social Change. Starting Point and Frequency: Year: 1979, Issues per volume: 4, Volumes per year: 1

Background: The social representation of restricted health care use during the COVID-19 pandemic has not been evaluated properly yet in Hungary. Objective: Our study aimed to quantify the effect of COVID-19 pandemic measures on general practitioner (GP) visits, specialist care, hospitalization, and cost-related prescription nonredemption (CRPNR) among adults, and to identify the social strata susceptible to the pandemic effect. Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on nationally representative data of 6611 (Nprepandemic = 5603 and Npandemic = 1008) adults. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to determine the sociodemographic and clinical factors influencing health care use by odds ratios (ORs) along with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). To identify the social strata susceptible to the pandemic effect, the interaction of the time of data collection with the level of education, marital status, and Roma ethnicity, was tested and described by iORs. Results: While the CRPNR did not change, the frequency of GP visits, specialist care, and hospitalization rates was remarkably reduced by 22.2%, 26.4%, and 6.7%, respectively, during the pandemic. Roma proved to be not specifically affected by the pandemic in any studied aspect, and the pandemic restructuring of health care impacted the social subgroups evenly with respect to hospital care. However, the pandemic effect was weaker among primary educated adults (iORGP visits, high-school vs. primary-education = 0.434; 95% CI 0.243-0.776, ORspecialist visit, high-school vs. primary-education = 0.598; 95% CI 0.364-0.985), and stronger among married adults (iORGP visit, widowed vs. married = 2.284; 95% CI 1.043-4.998, iORspecialist visit, widowed vs. married = 1.915; 95% CI 1.157-3.168), on the frequency of GP visits and specialist visits. The prepandemic CRPNR inequality by the level of education was increased (iORhigh-school vs. primary-education = 0.236; 95% CI 0.075–0.743). Conclusion: Primary educated and widowed adults did not follow the general trend, and their prepandemic health care use was not reduced during the pandemic. This shows that although the management of pandemic health care use restrictions was implemented by not increasing social inequity, the drug availability for primary educated individuals could require more support.

The declining ‘subjective social status’ of the low-educated working class has been advanced as a prominent explanation for right-wing populism. The working class has certainly been adversely affected by rising income inequality over the past decades, but we do not actually know if their perceived standing in the social hierarchy has declined correspondingly over time. This article examines trends in subjective social status in two ‘most likely cases’ – Germany and the US – between 1980 and 2018. We find that the subjective social status of the working class has not declined in absolute terms. However, there is evidence for relative status declines for the working class in Germany and substantial within-class heterogeneity in both countries. These findings imply that rising income inequality has a nuanced impact on status perceptions. When assessing the role of subjective social status for political outcomes, longitudinal perspectives that consider both absolute and relative changes seem promising. Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2022.2038892 .

While there is renewed interest in earnings differentials between social classes, the contribution of social class to overall earnings inequality across countries and net of compositional effects remains largely uncharted territory. This paper uses data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions to assess earnings differentials between social classes (as measured by ESeC) and the role of between-class inequality in overall earnings inequality across 30 European countries. We find that there is substantial variation in earnings differences between social classes across countries. Countries with higher levels of between-class inequality tend to display higher levels of overall earnings inequality, but this relationship is far from perfect. Even with highly aggregated class measures, between-class inequality accounts for a non-negligible share of total earnings inequality (between 15 and 25% in most countries). Controlling for observed between-class differences in composition shows that these account for much of the observed between-class earnings inequality, while in most countries between-class differences in returns to observed compositional variables do not play a major role. In all these respects we find considerable variation across countries, implying that both the size of between-class differences in earnings and the primary mechanisms that produce these class differences vary substantially between European countries.

Abordar la existencia de unas clases medias negras en Colombia no sólo es difícil sino un aparente contrasentido, un oxímoron, porque la gente negra es imaginada como inevitablemente pobre y de »clase baja«. Pero ¿acaso no existen otras experiencias de clase dentro de esta población? Para responder al vacío investigativo sobre este grupo social este libro examina la configuración de las clases medias negras desde finales de los años treinta del siglo xx, a partir de las historias de vida de miembros de tres generaciones de familias originarias de la región del Pacífico y el Caribe que se identifican como parte de esta clase. Esta indagación se hace desde una perspectiva interseccional, que asume que no se puede entender el funcionamiento de las relaciones de poder que dan forma a estas experiencias desde un solo marco explicativo (de clase, género o raza), y que para hacerlo se deben considerar sus mutuas interrelaciones y afectaciones.

Previous research has shown that question characteristics, such as the shape of rating scales, can affect how respondents interpret and respond to questions. For example, earlier studies reported different response distributions for questions employing rating scales in the form of a ladder and in the form of a pyramid. The current experiment, implemented in a probability-based online panel (N = 4,377), re-visits and extends this research by examining how the two graphical layouts (ladder vs. pyramid) affect response behavior and data quality of a question on subjective social stratification. In line with the earlier results, we found that respondents rated their social status lower in the pyramid than in the ladder condition. No differences between the two layouts were found regarding response effort, however, the ladder layout was associated with higher criterion validity. Therefore, we recommend employing the ladder layout when measuring subjective social stratification.

Die Autorin untersucht, wie junge Erwachsene binationaler Herkunft in Marokko und der Schweiz immer wieder ein subjektives Gleichgewicht herstellen zwischen nationalen Zugehörigkeitsdiskursen, sozialen Ein- und Ausschlussprozessen und eigenen adoleszenten Individuationsbedürfnissen. Anhand autobiographisch-narrativer Interviews mit jungen Erwachsenen in den beiden Ländern und mit Rückgriff auf die Stigma-Theorie von Erving Goffman wird aufgezeigt, dass eine binationale Herkunft nicht so sehr für die jungen Erwachsenen selbst eine Irritation darstellt, sondern vielmehr durch die Gesellschaft problematisiert und zu einer Herausforderung wird. Dies führt zu einer intensiven biographischen Auseinandersetzung, in der die jungen Erwachsenen versuchen, die Fremdzuschreibungen mit der Selbstwahrnehmung in Einklang zu bringen. Ein Vorgang, der in der Studie als eine Suche nach einem subjektiven Gleichgewichten identifiziert wird. Die Autorin arbeitet vier subjektive Gleichgewichte heraus: (1) der Versuch zu Vereinen, (2) die Entwicklung einer Expert_innenhaltung, (3) die Suche nach alternativen Zugehörigkeitsräumen und (4) das Herstellen von Normalität. Dabei wird deutlich, dass Zugehörigkeit ein Prozess ist, in dem die Heranwachsenden nicht nur auf nationale Zugehörigkeitsdiskurse und soziale Ein- und Ausschlussprozesse, sondern auch familiäre Kontexte, Erfahrungen in der Schule und mit Peers, das Verhältnis zur Sprache, Herkunftswissen, transnationale Erfahrungen und eigene adoleszente Individuationsbedürfnisse einen entscheidenden Einfluss darauf, welche biographische Bedeutung die binationale Herkunft für die jungen Erwachsenen entfaltet. Die Studie zeigt, dass in Marokko sowie in der Schweiz Individuen mit Mehrfachzugehörigkeit die Grenzen von 'Wir' und den 'Anderen' in Frage stellen und immer wieder aufs Neue ihre Zugehörigkeit aushandeln müssen. Die gefundenen Gleichgewichte reflektieren sodann subjektive Lösungen des Problems, dass Mehrfachzugehörigkeit gesellschaftlich nicht anerkannt wird.

Concerns have been raised that immigrants coming to Europe bring fundamentally different social values, affecting the more liberal receiving societies negatively. However, the topic of immigrants’ social values is understudied, and much research studies only one issue at a time, lacking a systematic approach to compare immigrants and native-born across issues. We study the social values of immigrants in Sweden using a large sample of newly arrived immigrants and their opinions on 35 different moral issues. Our results indicate a large heterogeneity across different issues, with, on average, a general tendency towards liberal social values among immigrants. We find that individual characteristics are more important than characteristics of the country of origin in explaining variation of social values between immigrants. Religiosity has the largest effect, with more religious individuals having more conservative stances. Using external data sources, we compare immigrants with native-born regarding both average positions on different issues, and the correlation between issue positions. Compared with the native-born, immigrants have, on average, somewhat more conservative values, but the underlying values structure is the same.

Goodness of fit tests for two probabilistic multigraph models are presented. The first model is random stub matching given fixed degrees (RSM) so that edge assignments to vertex pair sites are dependent, and the second is independent edge assignments (IEA) according to a common probability distribution. Tests are performed using goodness of fit measures between the edge multiplicity sequence of an observed multigraph, and the expected one according to a simple or composite hypothesis. Test statistics of Pearson type and of likelihood ratio type are used, and the expected values of the Pearson statistic under the different models are derived. Test performances based on simulations indicate that even for small number of edges, the null distributions of both statistics are well approximated by their asymptotic χ2-distribution. The non-null distributions of the test statistics can be well approximated by proposed adjusted χ2-distributions used for power approximations. The influence of RSM on both test statistics is substantial for small number of edges and implies a shift of their distributions towards smaller values compared to what holds true for the null distributions under IEA. Two applications on social networks are included to illustrate how the tests can guide in the analysis of social structure.

This article develops an integrative perspective on the nexus between power and sociological research methods. By reflecting upon two of the most widely used methodological approaches in sociology – standardized survey research and qualitative interview research – we develop a comprehensive heuristic framework for examining the ways in which the use of sociological methods affects and intersects any social scientific practice: (1) the power effects that societies and institutional settings exert on methods and the use of methods, (2) power in the use and implementation of methods, and (3) the power effects that methods and the use of methods exert on societies and institutional settings.

We can no longer claim that academic interest in the area of sport and social inclusion is lacking. Dedicated books, special issues, commissioned reports, and landmark articles on the topic of social inclusion and sport have been produced by devoted scholars. The same can be said for the burgeoning area of sport for development and peace. These relatively young academic fields seem to be struggling to create new fundamental theoretical insights about how organized sport can both act as an inclusive space and as a vehicle for broader developmental outcomes. Despite scholarly advancements, there remains a number of empirical and theoretical gaps. The aim of this special issue is to critically reflect on issues related to sport, development, and inclusion, and to do so via transdisciplinary and intersectoral perspectives. By making such a contribution, we aim to open up new research pathways.

Research background: The search for factors influencing the evaluation of the quality of life in terms of subjective and objective socio-economic aspects was the background of the study. The search for perfect multivariate statistical methods in the describing of the assessments made by respondents in variable groups, as well as the categories was carried out. Purpose: The aim of the study was to recognize the natural areas of transferring subjective satisfaction with the level of social factors in the three groups describing: household, country of residence, and the EU. The determined natural relations between the factors were then compared with the established sets of those factors. The characteristics of behaviour were compared in three generations of the EU. Research methodology: The Standard Eurobarometer, autumn 2018, provided data describing adults from the generations Y, X, and BB. In the analysis a factor analysis and correspondence analysis were used. Results: The effect of the used methods is a multidirectional image of the evaluations made by the EU Generations Y, X and BB in the areas of an individual’s functioning: direct (the household), close (the country of residence), and further (Europe and the EU). Novelty: The conducted analysis indicates the need to use diverse methods in order that the assumed research objectives are thoroughly realized. The article indicates the possibility of modifying the approach in using the Burt matrix in connection with concatenated contingency tables.

Leseprobe ----- Zusammenfassung In der Debatte um Hubert Knoblauchs kommunikativen Konstruktivismus will dieser Beitrag die methodologischen und methodischen Konsequenzen einer „Umstellung“ der Wissenssoziologie auf „kommunikatives Handeln“ starker explorieren. Grundsatzlich muss angenommen werden, dass sich der empirische Methodenkanon, wollte man Knoblauchs Uberlegungen gerecht werden, stark ausdunnen wurde. Schlagworter: Hermeneutische Wissenssoziologie; subjektiver Sinn; kommunikativer Konstruktivismus; Methoden der Sozialforschung ----- The Exorcism of the „Social Construction of Reality“. On the Attempt to cast Mundane Phenomenology out of the Sociology of Knowledge Abstract In this paper I examine the methodological and methodical implications of Hubert Knoblauch’s efforts to emphasize communication as the sociology of knowlegde’s basic mode of action. As a premise I assume that living up to Knoblauch’s highly complex theoretical assumptions would inevitably thin out the empirical canon to a mere singular method. Keywords: Hermeneutic Sociology of Knowledge, Subjective Meaning, Communicative Constructivism, Methods of Social Research ----- Bibliographie: Kotthaus, Jochem: Der Exorzismus der „Gesellschaftlichen Konstruktion der Wirklichkeit“. Uber den Versuch, der Wissenssoziologie die Mundanphanomenologie auszutreiben, ZQF – Zeitschrift fur Qualitative Forschung, 2-2019, S. 305-319. https://doi.org/10.3224/zqf.v20i2.06

This paper provides empirical analysis of income stratification in contemporary Russian society and its dynamics in recent decades. The paper analyses in detail different approaches (absolute and relative) to defining income groups. It is shown that the most widely used thresholds of the absolute approach cannot be efficiently applied to contemporary Russian society, as they fail to define the subgroups within the population, while relative approach, based on the median income as the social standard of living, appears more effective for income stratification in Russia. A specific income stratification scale is suggested. Its application shows that middle-income groups currently dominate in income structure, however, the incomes of their representatives are not high in absolute terms and their living standards are quite modest. Income stratification in Russia has been noticeably transformed over the last 20 years – the middle-income group has been growing while the low income and high-income groups’ shares have been declining. The proposed scale implies possibilities for structural adjustments such as regional- and settlement-specific disparities in income distribution; it can be easily replicated and allows broad potential for future research, including international comparisons of income stratification in societies undergoing transitional processes., Studies of Transition States and Societies, Vol 11, No 2 (2019)

International audience; In this article we focus on individuals’ structural embeddedness in transnational social fields (TSFs) and examine how this is related to patterns of international mobility. The main argument is that the structure of TSFs matters for (im)mobility trajectories, and thus all actors (migrants, non‐migrants, and returnees) need to be examined as a whole to obtain a deeper understanding of the role of social networks in processes of transnational mobility. Taking the case of Romanian migrants in Spain as a TSF connecting their place of origin (Dâmbovița in Romania) with their destination (Castelló in Spain), we analyze survey data for 303 migrants, non‐migrants, and returnees, sampled through an RDS‐like binational link‐tracing design. We then categorize types of personal network using an international mobility scale to assess the degree of structural embeddedness in the TSF. An important contribution is the rigorous operationalization of TSF and assessment of the level of migratory capital of each individual. Our results reveal that migratory capital is not always linked positively with high mobility patterns and that its role is strongly related to the overall composition and structure of the TSF.

Personal networks can be both enabling and constraining in inclusion practices. This study focuses on the contribution of a particular neighborhood initiative for refugees in Amsterdam. Earlier studies have shown that in the specific context of the Netherlands’ welfare state, institutional or citizen initiatives can constrain the actual inclusion of refugees. These studies argue that good intentions do not necessarily lead to inclusion because hierarchal relations reproduce subtle exclusionary structures that limit refugees’ inclusion as equals. Yet, building social contacts with locals is essential for inclusion. This article shows the simultaneous presence of inclusion and exclusion by engaging with narratives from Syrian refugees participating in a six‐month housing project initiated in an Amsterdam neighborhood. Residents and volunteers shared responsibilities for organizing daily life in the project. The result was an unexpected combination of Granovetter’s weak and strong ties, what we call “hybrid ties,” that were embedded within neighborhood dynamics and networks. Despite occasional clashes in expectations, this community‐based housing project enabled specific forms of personal relationships (through hybrid ties) that were essential in refugee participants’ later inclusion in the Netherlands.

The literature has long been debating whether it is high-income or low-income individuals who face higher risks of obesity. In this study I contend that this mixed record about the income-obesity relationship is the result of a failure to account fully for macro-level social contexts. The income-obesity relationship is not uniform in all societies but is conditioned by macro-level social contexts including the society's economic development and involvement in globalization. The 2011 Module on Health and Health Care of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) provides an ideal opportunity for testing the complex income-obesity relationship in a cross-country setting. Employing multilevel models with cross-level interactions, this study finds that the shift in the effect of income from obesity-promoting to obesity-depressing is facilitated by both economic development and globalization. Under the combined forces of economic development and globalization, obesity increasingly becomes a burden of the poor in a society and the social distribution of obesity increasingly mirrors existing social inequality. Nevertheless, the economic development and globalization thresholds for shifting into a significant obesity-depressing effect of income are high., Highlights • Economic development weakens the obesity-promoting effect of income. • Globalization weakens the obesity-promoting effect of income. • Income promotes or is not associated with obesity in most countries. • Income depresses obesity only in highly developed and globalized countries.

While much has been explored about notions of both place and belonging in regard to community health of various populations, little is known of the phenomena specific to suburban dwelling seniors. More and more seniors are living in suburban neighborhoods, communities that do not tend well to the belonging needs of this population. This qualitative study sought the perspectives of suburban dwelling seniors about the role of belonging and community connection to their health and wellbeing. Informed by strengths-based approaches to community development and health, the study engaged people from three community groups of older adults in a Canadian suburb (a seniors’ recreational/social group, and two cultural groups) in group interviews concerning the topic. Discoveries included an understanding of belonging as both personal and social, and identification of facilitators and barriers to belonging at personal and systemic levels. Belonging was experienced through connection, contribution and cooperation. These findings are important to shape community engagement with seniors and to inform decision-making and program developments in areas of recreation, leisure, health services, community policing, city planning and other services.

This paper analyses the structure of the European income inequality by a decompo-sition in a within- and between-component. It illustrates a replication of the work of Beblo and Knaus (Rev Income Wealth 47(3):301-333, 2001) and decomposes the income inequality for the EU-28 in 2014 by using data from the European Survey on Income and Living Conditions. The Theil index is applied to additively decom-pose the sources of inequality into a within- and between-component by countries, country groups and demographic groups. This is done by using equivalised dispos-able household income and income before transfers and taxes. The results show that inequality, with regard to disposable income, is highest for households with house-hold heads older than 59 years and lowest for households with children. Moreover, high income countries have lower inequality, higher social expenditures and show a stronger relative reduction of income inequality after transfers and taxes than low income countries. On country group level, Social-Democratic countries have the lowest income inequality and redistribute most, while the opposite holds true for Baltic countries.

Leseprobe ----- Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag erlautert zunachst die namensgebende Bezeichnung Kommunikativer Konstruktivismus als eine offene sozialwissenschaftliche- akademische Bewegung, die ihre theoretischen Wurzeln in der sozialkonstruktivistischen Wissenssoziologie hat. Ihre Entwicklung aber verdankt sie der empirischen Forschung, aus der sich die Ausweitung des Ansatzes ergibt; zudem machen die Herausforderungen neuerer sozialwissenschaftlicher Theorien eine kritische Integration notig. Trotz ihrer Offenheit ist sie nicht beliebig, sondern teilt eine Reihe von grundlegenden sozialtheoretischen Vorstellungen, die in einen umfassenderen theoretischen Zusammenhang integriert wurden. Dies gilt auch fur die spezifischen gesellschaftstheoretischen und diagnostischen Uberlegungen zur Kommunikationsgesellschaft und zur Re-Figuration, die den Hintergrund fur die sozialtheoretische Umstellung auf das kommunikative Handeln bilden. Abschliesend sollen die Forschungsaufgaben und -potentiale des kommunikativen Konstruktivismus in aller Kurze skizziert werden. Schlagworter: Kommunikativer Konstruktivismus, Wissenssoziologie, kommunikatives Handeln, Kommunikationsgesellschaft, Re-Figuration ----- Communicative Constructivism and the Communicative Construction of Reality Abstract The paper first sketches communicative constructivism as an open social scientific movement rooted in the sociology of knowledge and social constructivism. It has been motivated by empirical studies which forced to widen the theoretical frame of its roots and to critically integrate new theoretical approaches. Despite its openness it is not arbitrary but shares distinct theoretical positions which have been fused into an integrated theoretical approach. It has also developed diagnoses of contemporary communication society and the refiguration of modernity which provides the reason for the reformation of social theory in terms of communicative construction. By way of conclusion the major challenges for research will be sketched. Keywords: Communicative Constructivism, Sociology of Knowledge, Communicative Action, Communication Society, Refiguration ----- Bibliographie: Knoblauch, Hubert: Kommunikativer Konstruktivismus und die kommunikative Konstruktion der Wirklichkeit, ZQF – Zeitschrift fur Qualitative Forschung, 1-2019, S. 111-126. https://doi.org/10.3224/zqf.v20i1.09

Zusammenfassung Eine Analyse globaler Ungleichheiten kann nicht im Rahmen des Nationalstaats erfolgen. Zentral ist vielmehr das Verhaltnis zwischen den Ressourcen von Personen und den vielfaltigen – auch transnationalen – Kontexten, in denen die Ressourcen Wert gewinnen. Der Artikel zeigt an Fallvergleichen zwischen Sud-Nord-Migrant_innen, die ihre soziale Lage im Zuge der Migration deutlich verbessern konnten, wie diese an eine Vielzahl von Kontexten anschliesen und so strukturelle Hurden uberwinden. Dabei wird analytisch zwischen sozial differenzierten, politisch umkampften und territorial gebundenen Kontextrelationen unterschieden werden. Da diese Kontextrelationen oft transnational sind, wird eine Methode wie die hier verwendete Dokumentarische Methode benotigt, die Kontextrelationen nicht nur uber Selbstpositionierungen und den Lebensmittelpunkt einer Person erfasst, sondern die auch implizite Lagerungsahnlichkeiten rekonstruiert. Mit Hilfe (trans-)nationaler Vergleichsstrategien analysiert der Beitrag das komplexe Verhaltnis von Personen zu (trans-)nationalen ungleichheitsrelevanten Kontexten und die daraus resultierenden Lebenschancen. Schlagworter: Globale Ungleichheit, soziale Mobilitat, Qualitative Methoden, Migration, Rassismus ----- Social mobility and migration. Global inequalities viewed through the lens of qualitative case comparison Abstract The analysis of global inequalities must move beyond the nation-state frame and consider the – potentially transnational – contexts in which the resources of persons gain value. The article uses case comparisons between South-North migrants, who were able to significantly improve their social position in the course of migration, in order to show how they overcome structural barriers by connecting to a variety of contexts. Analytically we distinguish socially differentiated, politically contested and territorially bounded context relations. Considering that context relations often have a transnational scope, we need a method such as the documentary method used in this article, which reconstructs context relations not only from self-identification and place of residence, but also from implicit habitual homologies. With the help of multiple (trans-)national comparison the article shows how the complex relationship between persons and (trans-)national contexts promotes or obstructs social mobility. Keywords: Global inequalities, social mobility, qualitative research methods, migration, racism ----- Bibliographie: Weis, Anja/Kellmer, Ariana: Soziale Aufstiege durch Migration. Lassen sich globale Ungleichheiten durch fallvergleichende qualitative Forschung rekonstruieren?, ZQF – Zeitschrift fur Qualitative Forschung, 1-2/2018, S. 97-112. https://doi.org/10.3224/zqf.v19i1-2.07

Zusammenfassung Dieser Artikel widmet sich dem Thema der sozialisatorischen Reproduktion sozialer Ungleichheit in der Verknupfung empirischer Hypothesen mit methodologischen Uberlegungen. Im ersten Teil des Aufsatzes versuche ich an kurzen Interaktionssequenzen zu zeigen und theoretisch zu begrunden, dass die Eigenlogik der familialen und der schulischen Interaktion eine restriktive Bedingung fur die Reproduktion sozialer Ungleichheit darstellt. Diese Beobachtung hat methodologische Implikationen: Im zweiten Teil mochte ich darauf hinweisen, dass ein empirischer Zugriff auf das Phanomen der sozialen Ungleichheit eine Domane der tatsachenwissenschaftlichen Forschung darstellt. Er gestaltet sich weit schwieriger fur eine sinnverstehende Forschung, die als empirisches Datum ihrer Forschung Ausdrucksgestalten zu Grunde legt. Schlagworter: Familie, Schule, Sozialisation, soziale Ungleichheit, Ausdrucksgestalt, Objektive Hermeneutik ----- Socialization and social inequality: an interactional approach Abstract This paper focuses on the problem of social inequality, linking empirical with methodological considerations. First I will try to show that the inner logic of family and school interaction works against the reproduction of social inequality. In a second part I would like to point out the methodological implications of this hypothesis. I argue that the empirical access to the phenomenon of social inequality lies in the domain of an evidence based, „factual“ research, whereas an interpretative, interaction based research doesn’t lead to such clear results on social inequality. Keywords: family, school, social inequality, „expressive shape“ („Ausdrucksgestalt“); objective hermeneutics ----- Bibliographie: Wernet, Andreas: Sozialisatorische Interaktion und soziale Ungleichheit. Ein Versuch, ZQF – Zeitschrift fur Qualitative Forschung, 1-2/2018, S. 31-46. https://doi.org/10.3224/zqf.v19i1-2.03

Zusammenfassung Intersektionalitat stellt sowohl eine theoretische Perspektive mit gesellschaftskritischen und politischen Ambitionen dar als auch eine empirische und analytische Herangehensweise, um Ungleichheitsverhaltnisse sichtbar zu machen. Der Beitrag gibt Einblicke in ein DFG-gefordertes Forschungsprojekt, das sich fur die Wahrnehmung des Ubergangs in die Grundschule aus Perspektive der Mutter* und Vater* interessiert. Basis sind qualitative Interviews mit Elternteilen zu zwei Erhebungszeitpunkten, die mit Hilfe der Intersektionalen Mehrebenenanalyse ausgewertet werden. Ziel des Beitrags ist es aufzuzeigen, wie eine intersektionale, qualitative Bildungsforschung im Einzelnen aussehen kann und welchen Mehrwert sie hat, wenn es um die Sichtbarmachung sozialer Positionierungen in Ungleichheitsverhaltnissen geht. Auserdem wird fur die Erganzung klassischer Kategorien sozialer Ungleichheiten um die Kategorie Generation argumentiert, um das Herrschaftsverhaltnis Adultismus sichtbar zu machen. Schlagworter: Intersektionalitat, Intersektionale Mehrebenenanalyse, soziale Ungleichheiten, Eltern als Bildungsakteur*innen, Generation/Adultismus ----- Intersectionality and reconstructive inequality research. The praxeological multi-level analysis in educational research on parents perspective concerning the transition to school Abstract Intersectionality is a theoretical and analytical concept aiming at highlighting inequality and power relations as well as their intervowenness. The article at hand gives insights into a DFG-funded research project that is interested in the perceptions of mothers* and fathers* in their child’s transition process from kindergarten to school and the first school year. Along qualitative interviews with parents we present an empirical intersectional multi-level analysis. The main issue herewith is to reconstruct discriminations as well as privileges in a situation and context related way and to interpret these towards their inequality potentials. Methodologically we try to figure out generation as a structural category in intersectional analysis in education research enabling to make the power relation adultism visible. Keywords: Intersectionality, Intersectional Multi-Level Analysis, Social Inequalities, Parents as Educational Agents, Generation ----- Bibliographie: Hunner-Kreisel, Christine/Steinbeck, Katharina: Intersektionalitat und rekonstruktive Ungleichheitsforschung. Der praxeologische Mehrebenenansatz im Kontext einer Bildungsforschung zum Ubergang in die Schule aus Elternperspektive, ZQF – Zeitschrift fur Qualitative Forschung, 1-2/2018, S. 79-96. https://doi.org/10.3224/zqf.v19i1-2.06

While the sustainability of pension systems facing demographic ageing has been widely discussed, the adequacy of retirement income has often been neglected in current debate. However, considerable poverty and income inequality in old age exists across Europe. Using recent EU-SILC data (2017/18), the comparative analysis of poverty rates and income inequality in old age shows important cross-national variations that need to be seen in context of market-related inequalities but also the specific pension system. Beveridge basic security is not always capable of effectively reducing poverty despite the explicit goal to do so. In addition, private funded pensions may generate social inequality. Some contributory Bismarckian systems are better suited to reduce poverty, but given their focus on status maintenance also reproduce inequality. Poverty rates are low due to encompassing basic pensions in Dutch and some Nordic multipillar systems and in core Central and Eastern European countries. Bismarckian pensions such as in Germany are generating some inequality and medium level of poverty, while France and some Southern European countries perform better on poverty but reproduce larger inequalities. Beveridge systems such as in the United Kingdom and Switzerland with rather meagre basic multipillar systems have relatively medium to high poverty risks. In addition, the Baltic countries and new EU member states in the periphery have the highest poverty rates across Europe. The analysis shows that the minimum income provision of public pension systems matters most for poverty risks, while the overall pension architecture has an impact on reproducing inequality in old age acquired during working life.

Gesellschaft ist Ordnung. Doch jede Ordnung kennt auch das Ungeordnete, die Anarchie: etwas, dass sich nicht bezeichnen lässt, das Namenlose. Ein Name für dieses Namenlose musste erst erfunden werden: Anonymität. Damit ist ein Grundstein gelegt von heftigen Auseinandersetzungen, Such- und Jagdstrategien, Utopien, die die modernen Gesellschaften seit ihren Anfängen begleiten, irritieren. Anonymitätsdiskurse entstehen in Zeiten gesellschaftlicher Umbrüche, technischer Revolutionen, um neu entstehende Wirklichkeiten zu benennen, zu kartografieren. Aber die Beschreibung, Identifikationen, Einordnungen produzieren erst das, was Anonymität überhaupt ermöglicht: unmarkierte Zonen, zugleich Zonen der Instabilität und der Ambivalenz.Der erste Band der vorliegenden Untersuchung entwickelt einen theoretischen Rahmen, indem er gängige Namenstheorien auf den Kopf stellt und hin zu einer Theorie des Namenlosen umformuliert. Dieser theoretische Horizont bildet den Hintergrund für die Frage, in welchem technisch-sozialen Zusammenhang Anonymität ausgestaltet wurde. Dies geschieht im Bereich der Textproduktion und dem Versuch, eine Ordnung von Texten, Wissen und Fiktionen zu etablieren und zu kontrollieren. In der Presse werden immer wieder heftige Debatten entfacht über Sinn und Legitimität von Zeichnungsrecht und von Publikationen anonymer Stimmen. Analog erzeugt die Erfindung der Sociétés Anonymes (Aktiengesellschaften) Kontrollkrisen angesichts anonym zirkulierenden Kapitals. Erst allmählich erregt die Präsenz von unbekannten Menschen in den Städten Aufmerksamkeit. Hier zeigt sich eine spezifische Konstellation erwachender Anonymitätsdiskurse: Die Leute kennen sich sehr wohl, allein die kontrollierende Beschreibung der anarchisch anmutenden Gesellschaft und ihrer gefährlichen Klassen scheitert. Was zur bürokratischen Überförderung führt, freut die Literatur. Die Erfindung von Anonymität eröffnete Zonen der Unentschiedenheit, der Ambivalenz, die bis heute fortdauern. Die vorliegende Untersuchung liefert Mittel, ihre Unhintergehbarkeit zu begreifen.

Die Studie sollte die Wahrnehmung und das Verständnis von sozialer Gerechtigkeit in Deutschland untersuchen. Dabei standen folgende Forschungsfragen im Mittelpunkt: Was versteht man unter sozialer Gerechtigkeit und woran erkennt man sie? Welche Gerechtigkeitsvorstellungen leiten dieses Verständnis? Wie schätzt man die eigene soziale Lage und die der Bevölkerung in Deutschland ein? Hat man den Eindruck, dass die soziale Differenzierung zunimmt? Wie schätzt man die soziale Mobilität in Deutschland ein? Wie sieht man die Auswirkungen der Pandemie auf die soziale Gerechtigkeit? Wie steht man zu Sozialstaat und Sozialleistungen in Deutschland? Für wen soll dieser Sozialstaat vor allem da sein? Welchen Stellenwert haben er und seine Leistungen für das eigene Sicherheitsgefühl? Was will man für dessen weitere Entwicklung: Soll er ausgebaut oder beschnitten werden? Welche sozialpolitischen Maßnahmen der letzten Jahre hat man wahrgenommen und wie bewertet man sie? Wie wird die Sozialpolitik der Bundesregierung insgesamt bewertet?

This analysis makes use of economic forecasts for 2020 issued by the European Commission in Autumn 2019 and Spring 2020, and of a counterfactual under a no-policy change assumption, to analyse the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on EU households´ income. Additionally, our analysis assesses the cushioning effect of discretionary fiscal policy measures taken by the EU Member States. We find that the COVID-19 pandemic is likely to affect significantly households’ disposable income in the EU, with lower income households being more severely hit. However, our results show that due to policy intervention, the impact of the crisis is expected to be similar to the one experienced during the 2008–2009 financial crisis. In detail, our results indicate that discretionary fiscal policy measures will play a significant cushioning role, reducing the size of the income loss (from −9.3% to −4.3% for the average equivalised disposable income), its regressivity and mitigating the poverty impact of the pandemic. We conclude that policy interventions are therefore instrumental in cushioning against the impact of the crisis on inequality and poverty. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10888-021-09485-8.

The study analyses inequalities in how German employees experience corona-related health and economic risks at the workplace A social class framework is used to locate both types of risks within the vertically stratified and horizontally differentiated employment structure A mixed-methods approach is applied based on a workforce survey (n = 9737) and qualitative interviews (n = 27), from the early stage of the pandemic (April to May 2020) Logistic regressions triangulated with interview analysis reveal striking occupational inequalities in employees’ corona experience: The work-life burdens of Covid-19 hit social classes quite unequally Three findings are particularly noteworthy First, health and economic risk experiences are primarily located in different horizontal segments of the employment structure Perceived health risks are highest for the classes based on the interpersonal work logic, whereas the independent classes and the technical classes experience higher economic risks Second, risk experience among wage earners is vertically stratified In each horizontal segment, members of the lower classes report significantly higher health and economic risks than the upper classes Third, although health and economic risks have their centres in different horizontal segments, the risks overlap among production and service workers at the lower end of the employment structure;thus, amplifying pre-existing class inequalities © 2020 European Sociological Association

Intercultural contact is a well-studied phenomenon and particularly relevant in the context of migration.However, research in this field often treats immigrants as independent entities and ignores their role in social structures. An approach that can account for the complex dynamics and relational interdependencies underlying immigrants’ acculturation processes is the social network approach. We illustrate the value of bringing in a personal social network perspective to the study of intercultural contact with two cases: (1) Eritrean and Syrian refugees in Germany and (2) Ecuadorian, Moroccan, Pakistani, and Romanian immigrants in Barcelona, Spain. We conclude with some thoughts on the conceptual and methodological benefits of the social network approach and some reflections on policy implications., easy social sciences No. 66 (2021): Content Meets Structure - Social Network Perspectives Starting Point and Frequency: Year: 1989, Issues per Year: 2, easy social sciences

Interkultureller Kontakt ist ein gut untersuchtes Phänomen und im Kontext von Migration von besonderer Relevanz. Die Forschung auf diesem Gebiet behandelt Immigrant*innen jedoch häufig als unabhängige Einheiten und lässt ihre Rolle in sozialen Strukturen außer Acht. Ein Ansatz, der der komplexen Dynamik und den Wechselbeziehungen, die den Akkulturationsprozessen der Einwandernden zugrunde liegen, Rechnung tragen kann, ist der Ansatz der sozialen Netzwerke. Wir veranschaulichen den Wert der Einbeziehung einer persönlichen sozialen Netzwerkperspektive in die Untersuchung interkultureller Kontakte anhand von zwei Beispielen: (1) Eritreische und syrische Geflüchtete in Deutschland und (2) ecuadorianische, marokkanische, pakistanische und rumänische Immigrant*innen in Barcelona, Spanien. Wir schließen mit einigen Gedanken zu den konzeptionellen und methodischen Vorteilen des Ansatzes der sozialen Netzwerke und Überlegungen zu den politischen Implikationen., easy social sciences No. 66 (2021): Content Meets Structure - Social Network Perspectives Starting Point and Frequency: Year: 1989, Issues per Year: 2, easy social sciences

Die pandemiebedingte Ausnahmesituation stellt auch an den Sozialstaat besondere Herausforderungen. Die schwierige Lage einiger Branchen hat die Arbeitslosigkeit, vor allem jedoch die Kurzarbeit erhöht. Die große Mehrheit der Bürger ist überzeugt, dass es aufgrund der Corona-Krise vielen in Deutschland finanziell schlechter geht als vor der Krise. Diejenigen, die sich selbst als Corona-Verlierer sehen, gehen mit noch größerer Mehrheit davon aus, dass sie keine kleine Minderheit sind, sondern ihr Schicksal mit vielen teilen. Tatsächlich sieht sich die große Mehrheit jedoch weder als Krisengewinner noch als Krisenverlierer. 76 Prozent der Bevölkerung sehen keine unmittelbaren Auswirkungen der Krise auf ihre persönliche materielle Situation; 4 Prozent sehen sich als Gewinner, 18 Prozent als Verlierer. Dies ist zwar eine beachtliche Gruppe, zeigt aber gleichzeitig, dass es gelungen ist, die materiellen Auswirkungen der Krise stärker zu begrenzen als bei dieser Dimension der Krise zu erwarten war. Die schwächeren sozialen Schichten ziehen überdurchschnittlich die Bilanz, dass es ihnen schlechter geht als vor der Krise, die höheren Sozialschichten weit unterdurchschnittlich. So sehen sich nur 12 Prozent aus den höheren sozialen Schichten als Verlierer der Krise, dagegen 23 Prozent aus den schwächeren sozialen Schichten. Dies deckt sich mit der Betroffenheit durch Kurzarbeit und Arbeitslosigkeit, die in den schwächeren Schichten signifikant höher ist als in der Mittel- und Oberschicht.

Research investigating how social conditions influence attitudes about immigrants has focused primarily on demographic and economic factors as potential threat inducing contexts that lead to anti-immigrant sentiment. However, the empirical evidence supporting this link is mixed, while social cohesion indicators such as the influence of social trust, have largely been left unexamined. This article uses the European Social Survey (2002–2016) to test how differences in social trust, both within and between countries influence attitudes about immigrants. Results from longitudinal analyses show that countries with higher levels of social trust have more favorable attitudes toward immigrants, and while changes in social trust over time are small, they result in comparably large changes in anti-immigrant attitudes, even when controlling for other social factors. These results are robust across different model specifications and data sources.

Wie bilden sich Erlebens- und Deutungsweisen des eigenen Körpers heraus? In welchem Zusammenhang stehen sie mit Erfahrungen? Das Buch bietet einen Ordnungsversuch der Relationen von biografischem Verlaufs- und Körpererleben sowie ihrer Erforschbarkeit. Dafür wurden narrative Interviews mit Berufstanzenden mit einer modifizierten, leibphänomenologisch angereicherten sozialwissenschaftlichen Prozessanalyse ausgewertet. Mit dieser 'Leibheuristik', die Körper als Erfahrungselemente auch mit spürenden Qualitäten berücksichtigt, liegt nicht zuletzt ein Empirisierungsvorschlag für Körper vor, der grundlegende forschungspraktische Anschlüsse eröffnet. Die Studie mit dem Ziel, Körpererleben über biografische Darstellungen zu analysieren, nimmt es sich zur Aufgabe, Sinnkonstitutionen deutend zu verstehen, indem Körper als Erfahrungselemente mit spürenden Qualitäten berücksichtig werden. Ziel ist es, die Relevanz des er- und gelebten Körpers für das eigene Sogewordensein auszuloten, indem über zusammenhängende lebensgeschichtliche Prozessdarstellungen Entstehungszusammenhänge von leiblichem Körper und biografischem Verlauf systematisch einzelfallanalytisch und fallvergleichend untersucht werden. Das Forschungsanliegen ist über die Fragen konkretisiert, wie sich im- und explizites Körperwissen (gefasst als Erfahrungs- und Deutungswissen) entwickelt, wie es im Verlauf in Handeln und Erleben einfließt, und wie das Verhältnis von Bedingungskonstellationen, Körperperspektiven und Emergenz in ihrer Relevanzentfaltung für das Erleben zu beschreiben ist. Da die Leibfundierung von Erfahrungen, insbesondere in empirischer Forschung, bisher nur wenig Beachtung findet, sind im Rahmen der Untersuchung zwei Erkenntnisstränge zentral. Auf der einen Seite wird im Sinne der vorangehenden Fragen die Absicht verfolgt, empirieverankerte Erkenntnisse für den Erfahrungsgegenstand des er- und gelebten Körpers zu generieren. Auf der anderen Seite obliegt es der Forschung wegen des mangelnden forschungspraktischen Wissens zum Gegenstand, eine konsistente Methodologie zu erarbeiten sowie ein methodisches Vorgehen im Forschungsprozess erprobend zu plausibilisieren. Insgesamt bietet die Arbeit, deren Befunde auf narrativen Interviews mit Berufstanzenden basieren, einen ersten Ordnungsversuch der Relationen von Körper- und biografischem Verlaufserleben ebenso wie von (leib-)phänomenologischen mit method(olog)ischen Bezügen an. Dabei werden mit bildungs-, sozialisations- und biografietheoretischen ebenso wie organisationspädagogischen Bezügen relevante Fragen der Erziehungswissenschaft diskutiert.

'Caring in Times of a Global Pandemic' investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the measures to contain it in a cross-national perspective with regard to the areas of care, social reproduction, and affective security policies. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated an existing crisis across different unpaid and paid domains of care and social reproduction. It revealed just who exactly keeps life going by doing the jobs that no society can do without. The management of the pandemic relied on significant swathes of unpaid or underpaid care work without sufficient consideration of the conditions under which this work is carried out and without providing sufficient resources and support. Self-organised practices of care and mutual aid in the pandemic potentially pointed to the possibilities of more progressive or even radical care infrastructures, while public welfare, health, and social care systems were vital in responding adequately and inclusively to the pandemic. In the wake of the pandemic, a key question is how capitalist economies will adjust, and how the pandemic may act as a catalyst for change. This article introduces the topic and presents the individual contributions to the HSR Forum.

Die Autorin geht am Beispiel von Schulwahl praktizierenden Müttern aus Berliner Innenstadtbezirken der Frage nach den Grenzen eines paraethnografischen Vorgehens für ihre Arbeit vor. Sie befasst sich damit, wie Verstehen und (Rassismus-)Kritik zusammengedacht werden können. On the backdrop of school choice practices of mothers in inner city districts in Berlin, the author asks for limitations of the method of paraethnography for her work. She examines, how understanding and (antiracist) critique might come together.

Sammelbesprechung: 1) Gerald Hartung, Tim-Florian Steinbach (Hrsg.): Georg Simmel - Philosophie des Geldes. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter 2020. 978-3-11-065194-2.+++2) Hans-Peter Müller: Max Weber - Eine Spurensuche. Berlin: Suhrkamp 2020. 978-3-518-29917-3.+++3) Wolfgang Schluchter: Mit Max Weber. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck 2020. 978-3-16-159018-4.