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The FinTech industry is quite dynamic and it has progressed beyond its early stages rapidly. FinTech can be defined as “organizations that combine innovative business models and technology to enable, enhance and disrupt financial services” (Hwa, 2019). This Work Project aims to analyse Portuguese and Spanish FinTechs and combine the findings in a comprehensive report of the Iberian FinTech ecosystem. This paper explains how that report was built and it is organized in four main parts: literature review, methodology, results and personal reflection. Additionally, limitations and recommendations for further research are presented in the end of the paper.

[EN] The publication in 2018 of volume 75 of the journal Trabajos de Prehistoria [TP] provides the occasion for a complete analysis of its contents since its iception in 1960.TP’s presence in documentary databases makes possible this contribution to the debate on the evaluation of scientific journals.The bibliometric study addresses the thematic evolution, the distribution of authorship and the impact through citations, according to the data that can be extracted from InDICEs-CSIC and Scopus.To place the journal in the context of the Spanish publications of archeology and prehistory, a comparison is made with other nine Spanish archeology journals present in Scopus and published between 2010 and 2018 by public institutions: Archivo de Prehistoria Levantina, Archivo Español de Arqueología, Complutum, Lucentum, Munibe Antropologia-Arkeologia, Pyrenae, Saguntum, SPAL, and Zephyrus. The classification by periods of the articles that appeared in those 9 years clearly defines the thematic orientation of each journal.Their comparison allows a general characterization of the patterns of scientific publication in the last decade by archeologists oriented towards Prehistory or Ancient History, respectively.Consequently, the article is also a contribution to the history of science., [ES] La publicación en 2018 del volumen 75 de la revista Trabajos de Prehistoria motiva este análisis completo de la misma (1960-2018). El artículo parte de su presencia en bases de datos documentales y se plantea como una aportación al debate sobre la evaluación de las revistas científicas. El estudio bibliométrico aborda la evolución temática, la distribución de la autoría y el impacto a través de citas, a partir de los datos que pueden extraerse de ÍnDICEs- CSIC y Scopus. Para situar la revista en el contexto de las publicaciones españolas de Arqueología y Prehistoria, se compara con otras 9 revistas de Arqueología de la península ibérica presentes en Scopus y editadas entre 2010 y 2018 por instituciones públicas: Archivo de Prehistoria Levantina, Archivo Español de Arqueología, Complutum, Lucentum, Munibe Antropologia-Arkeologia, Pyrenae, Saguntum, SPAL y Zephyrus. La clasificación por periodos de los artículos aparecidos en esos 9 años define con claridad la orientación temática de cada revista. Su comparación permite una caracterización general de las pautas de difusión científica de los arqueólogos orientados hacia la Prehistoria y/o hacia la Historia antigua en la última década. En consecuencia, el artículo es también una aportación a la historia de la ciencia.

There is a relatively low amount of Middle Paleolithic sites in Europe dating to MIS 4. Of the few that exist, several of them lack evidence for anthropogenic fire, raising the question of how this period of global cooling may have affected the Neanderthal population. The Iberian Peninsula is a key area to explore this issue, as it has been considered as a glacial refugium during critical periods of the Neanderthal timeline and might therefore yield archaeological contexts in which we can explore possible changes in the behaviour and settlement patterns of Neanderthal groups during MIS 4. Here we report recent data from Abric del Pastor, a small rock shelter in Alcoy (Alicante, Spain) with a stratified deposit containing Middle Palaeolithic remains. We present absolute dates that frame the sequence within MIS 4 and multi-proxy geoarchaeological evidence of in situ anthropogenic fire, including microscopic evidence of in situ combustion residues and thermally altered sediment. We also present archaeostratigraphic evidence of recurrent, functionally diverse, brief human occupation of the rock shelter. Our results suggest that Neanderthals occupied the Central Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula during MIS 4, that these Neanderthals were not undergoing climatic stress and they were habitual fire users., This research was funded by a Leakey Foundation General Grant, Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities Projects HAR2008-06117/HIST and HAR2015-68321-P, Junta de Castilla y León-FEDER Project BU235P18, the LabEx Sciences Archéologiques de Bordeaux (LaScArBx ANR-10-LABX-52) and ERC Consolidator Grant ERC-CoG-2014. Archaeological excavations at Abric del Pastor are supported by the Archaeological Museum of Alcoy and the Government of Valencia Cultural Heritage Department.

The Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe represents an important test case for the study of human population movements during prehistoric periods. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the peninsula formed a periglacial refugium [1] for hunter-gatherers (HGs) and thus served as a potential source for the re-peopling of northern latitudes [2]. The post-LGM genetic signature was previously described as a cline from Western HG (WHG) to Eastern HG (EHG), further shaped by later Holocene expansions from the Near East and the North Pontic steppes [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]. Western and central Europe were dominated by ancestry associated with the ∼14,000-year-old individual from Villabruna, Italy, which had largely replaced earlier genetic ancestry, represented by 19,000–15,000-year-old individuals associated with the Magdalenian culture [2]. However, little is known about the genetic diversity in southern European refugia, the presence of distinct genetic clusters, and correspondence with geography. Here, we report new genome-wide data from 11 HGs and Neolithic individuals that highlight the late survival of Paleolithic ancestry in Iberia, reported previously in Magdalenian-associated individuals. We show that all Iberian HGs, including the oldest, a ∼19,000-year-old individual from El Mirón in Spain, carry dual ancestry from both Villabruna and the Magdalenian-related individuals. Thus, our results suggest an early connection between two potential refugia, resulting in a genetic ancestry that survived in later Iberian HGs. Our new genomic data from Iberian Early and Middle Neolithic individuals show that the dual Iberian HG genomic legacy pertains in the peninsula, suggesting that expanding farmers mixed with local HGs., The genetic research was funded by the Max Planck Society and the European Research Council ERC-CoG 771234 PALEoRIDER (W.H.). V.V.-M. was funded by a predoctoral scholarship of the Gobierno de Aragon and the Fondo Social Europeo (BOA20150701025) and a 3-month research stay grant (CH 76/16) by Programa CAI-Ibercaja de Estancias de Investigacio´ n. V.V.-M. and P.U. are members of the Spanish project HAR2014-59042-P (Transiciones clima´ ticas y adaptaciones sociales en la prehistoria de la Cuenca del Ebro), and of the regional government of Aragon PPVE research group (H-07: Primeros Pobladores del Valle del Ebro). The Goyet project was funded by the Wenner-Gren Foundation (7837 to H.R.), the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences of CSUN, and the CSUN Competition for Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activity Awards.

International audience; A new scrutiny of Livy’s Roman History, Cato’s fragments and Appian’s Iberika leads us to assume that the people called Turdetani by the Romans at the beginning of the conquest of Spain was situated in the South of the central Meseta, near Celtiberia. A completely different location, in the lower Guadalquivir valley, is given by Strabo to Turdetania in the third book of his Geography. Though Strabo’s conception appears to be quite isolated when compared with other literary sources, it has been followed by modern scholars who use Turdetania as the name of a late Iron Age cultural complex of Lower Andalusia. The aim of this paper is to understand why ancient historians and geographers did not give the same meaning to this ethnic name, in the moving context of the Roman conquest and of the first attempts to organize Iberian territories in a provincial framework.

Being at the Western fringe of Europe, Iberia had a peculiar prehistory and a complex pattern of Neolithization. A few studies, all based on modern popu- lations, reported the presence of DNA of likely African origin in this region, generally concluding it was the result of recent gene flow, probably during the Islamic period. Here, we provide evidence of much older gene flow from Africa to Iberia by sequencing whole genomes from four human remains from Northern Portugal and Southern Spain dated around 4000 years BP (from the Middle Neolithic to the Bronze Age). We found one of them to carry an unequi- vocal Sub-Saharan mitogenome of most probably West or West-Central African origin, never reported before in prehistoric remains outside Africa. Our analyses of ancient nuclear genomes show small but significant levels of Sub-Saharan African affinity in several ancient Iberian samples, which indicates that what we detected was not an occasional individual phenomenon, but an admixture event recognizable at the population level. We interpret this result as evidence of an early migration process from Africa into the Iberian Peninsula through a Western route, possibly across the Strait of Gibraltar., his research was supported by a Marie Sklodowska-CurieIndividual Fellowship to G.G.F (NeoGenHeritage, grant no. 655478); by the European Research Council (ERC) Advanced grant 295733-LanGeLin and the consolidator grant 310763 - GeneFlow toG.B. and M.H., respectively; by the research project BIOGEOS (CGL2014-57209-P) of the Spanish MINECO to A.G.; and by theresearch project HAR2010-21786/HIST of the Spanish MINECOand Xunta de Galicia to R.F., M.V., A.L.-H. and X.P.R.-A. A.M. was supported by the European Research Council Consolidator grant 647787—LocalAdaptation

New finds of bones of the Egyptian Mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon), one from Portugal and one from Spain, were directly ¹⁴C dated to the first century AD. While the Portuguese specimen was found without connection to the Chalcolithic occupation of the Pedra Furada cave where it was recovered, the Spanish find, collected in the city of Mérida, comes from a ritual pit that also contained three human and 40 dog burials. The finds reported here show that the Egyptian mongoose, contrary to the traditional and predominant view, did not first arrive in the Iberian Peninsula during the Muslim occupation of Iberia. Instead, our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the species was first introduced by the Romans, or at least sometime during the Roman occupation of Hispania. Therefore, radiocarbon dating of new archaeological finds of bones of the Egyptian Mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon) in the Iberian Peninsula push back the confirmed presence of the species in the region by approximately eight centuries, as the previously oldest dated record is from the ninth century. With these new dates, there are now a total of four ¹⁴C dated specimens of Egyptian mongooses from the Iberian Peninsula, and all of these dates fall within the last 2000 years. This offers support for the hypothesis that the presence of the species in Iberia is due to historical introductions and is at odds with a scenario of natural sweepstake dispersal across the Straits of Gibraltar in the Late Pleistocene (126,000–11,700 years ago), recently proposed based on genetic data. UNIARQ (Center of Archaeology, Faculty of Letters of the University of Lisbon) funded the 14C dating, and FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia) funded CD's post-doctorate (grant: SFRHIBPD/ I 08326/2015). CF was suppolted by FCT, within the project UIDIBW00329/2013. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

International audience; Disentangling scattered charcoal assemblages for palimpsest dissection: spatial analyses from El Salt Stratigraphic unit Xb (Eastern Iberia)

The European paternal lineage R-DF27 has been proposed as a haplogroup of Iberian origin due to its maximum frequencies in the Iberian Peninsula. In this study, the distribution and structure of DF27 were characterized in 591 unrelated male individuals from four key populations of the north area of the Iberian Peninsula through the analysis of 12 Y-SNPs that define DF27 main sublineages. Additionally, Y-SNP allele frequencies were also gathered from the reference populations in the 1000 Genomes Project to compare and obtain a better landscape of the distribution of DF27. Our results reveal frequencies over 35% of DF27 haplogroup in the four North Iberian populations analyzed and high frequencies for its subhaplogroups. Considering the low frequency of DF27 and its sublineages in most populations outside of the Iberian Peninsula, this haplogroup seems to have geographical significance; thus, indicating a possible Iberian patrilineal origin of vestiges bearing this haplogroup. The dataset presented here contributes with new data to better understand the complex genetic variability of the Y chromosome in the Iberian Peninsula, that can be applied in Forensic Genetics., Funds were provided by the Basque Government (IT-424-07). PV received a PhD grant from the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU. The authors are deeply indebted to the Basque Foundation of Science (BIOEF), the Spanish National DNA Bank Carlos III (BNADN), SGIker (UPV/EHU, MICINN, GV/EJ, ERDF and ESF) and to all the people who voluntarily participated in this study.

The main objective of the current research is to identify the impact of intellectual resources (recognition and disclosure of information) in business organisations and to examine how diversity on boards, as an embodiment of expertise and knowledge, affects performance. Using information from 125 businesses listed on an Iberian stock exchange, two complimentary models (aggregation and disaggregation) are regressed with the objective of identifying to what extent intangible assets and diversity on boards are sources of effective future economic benefit. The salient conclusions are that intangibles are immaterial factors that drive businesses towards future economic benefits; that focus on intangibles has the potential to drive companies towards a sustainable financial and strategic positioning and enhance economic growth. From a pure accounting perspective, identification and measurement of intangibles can contribute to better decision-making. In spite of the limitations—the range of time under analysis, the intrinsic subjective approach observed in the classification of the information—and the use of the five-score Likert scale, the results attained are considered more reliable than those achieved using a dummy variable. The empirical results provide both an understanding of how internal governance mechanisms tested in aggregate positively affect business performance and offer some explanation as to the relationship between internal governance mechanisms and performance. The research adds value to the current literature by exploring the effects of intangibles and internal governance mechanisms on business performance using data from Spanish and Portuguese non-financial listed business organisations. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

In 1170, the military-religious Order of Santiago identified themselves as “a wall of the faithful” in their foundational Rule. As the premier Christian institutions residing on the fortified border between Christian and Muslim territory, Iberia’s military orders may have formed a metaphorical wall, but their architecture existed in a much more complex spatial system. These orders were so pervasive in Iberia that until now, scholars have considered a comprehensive survey of their architecture to be ‘impossible.’ This dissertation argues that regimented, data-driven methods make it possible to study patterns in the distribution and intention of military order architecture in Iberia in the mid 12th through 14th centuries. When combined with historical context, these patterns reveal strategies that have gone unnoticed in past scholarship. Four patterns governing the manifestation of the wall of the faithful are represented at multiple spatial scales in this work. First, the Iberian military orders were founded at fortified sites that lie near the “edges” of Christian-controlled territory. Second, these sites were chosen based on their ability to surveil and influence the landscape. Third, the wall of the faithful was closer to a shifting, intervisible and/or spatially connected network than a linear wall. Finally, two architectural case studies reveal that the military orders were capable of and motivated to manifest their identity on the frontier through the construction of large-scale, fortress-monastery headquarters. By combining peninsula-wide patterns with in-depth studies of two sites – the fortress-monastery of Calatrava la Nueva and the Castillo-Convento de Montesa – this study reveals that the meager and isolated appearance of the hilltop fortresses of the military orders conceals the central role they played in the formation of a vast religious frontier.

Fil: Torcida Fernández Baldor, F. Museo de Dinosaurios de Salas de los Infantes y Colectivo Arqueológico Paleontológico de Salas; España Fil: Díaz Martínez, Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; Argentina Fil: Díaz Martínez, Ignacio. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Alto Valle; Argentina Fil: Contreras, R. Museo de Dinosaurios de Salas de los Infantes y Colectivo Arqueológico Paleontológico de Salas; España Fil: Huerta, P. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Fil: Huerta, P. Museo de Dinosaurios de Salas de los Infantes y Colectivo Arqueológico Paleontológico de Salas; España. Fil: Huerta, P. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro; Argentina Fil: Huerta, P. Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología; Argentina. Fil: Montero, D. Museo de Dinosaurios de Salas de los Infantes y Colectivo Arqueológico Paleontológico de Salas; España Fil: Urién, V. Museo de Dinosaurios de Salas de los Infantes y Colectivo Arqueológico Paleontológico de Salas; España The Las Sereas site includes at least 14 ichnological outcrops along 5.6 km, in the Lara area, southwest Burgos Province. 67 ichnites of dinosaurs are documented at Las Sereas 7, identified as theropod and sauropod trackways occurring in shallow carbonates of lacustrine environment. Sauropod trackways have intermediate-gauge and low heteropody, and show different anatomical features to other tracks found in the ichnological record, especially in the disposition and orientation of pes digits. They are similar to Polyonyx from the Middle Jurassic of Portugal. However, since they do not preserve reliable manus data they are classified as aff. Polyonyx. The three sauropod trackways are related to the same kind of trackmaker. They differ from each other only in size, and gregarious behavior has not been detected. Analysis of these trackways reveals changes in travel direction even when there are few tracks in each sequence. At the Las Sereas 7 tracksite, the pace length (PL), width of the angulation pattern (WAP) and the WAP/PL ratio and depth analysis via photogrammetry show a direction change in two sauropod trackways. This tracksite and that at La Pedraja are unique in the Tithonian-Berriasian interval of the Iberian Peninsula that occur in a lacustrine environment, and could be indicate of the relationship between the diversity of Iberian, Tithonian-Berriasian sauropod tracks and sedimentary environments. El yacimiento de Las Sereas se compone de al menos 14 afloramientos icníticos que se localizan a lo largo de 5,6 Km de longitud en la comarca de Lara, en el sureste de la provincia de Burgos. En el afloramiento de Las Sereas 7 se han documentado 67 icnitas de dinosaurios, identificadas como terópodas y saurópodas, producidas en un ambiente lacustre carbonatado somero. Las rastros saurópodos son de anchura intermedia y heteropodia baja mostrando caracteres anatómicos diferentes a los encontrados en el registro icnológico conocido, en especial en lo referente a la disposición y orientación de los dedos del pie. La mayor semejanza de estas icnitas saurópodas se establece con Polyonyx del Jurásico Medio de Portugal, pero al carecer de datos fiables sobre la anatomía de las manos en Las Sereas, clasificamos estas icnitas de Burgos como aff. Polyonyx. Los tres rastros saurópodos de Burgos se atribuyen a un mismo icnopoyeta, diferenciándose entre sí sólo por el tamaño, y sin que se haya detectado un comportamiento gregario. En el estudio de estos rastros pueden recogerse datos que informen sobre trayectos con cambio de dirección, incluso cuando lo que se conserva es una serie relativamente corta de pasos. En Las Sereas 7 la combinación de los valores de varios parámetros –longitud de paso (PL), pauta de anchura de angulación (WAP) y relación WAP/PL– y el estudio de la profundidad de las icnitas por fotogrametría permiten interpretar un cambio de dirección en dos de los rastros saurópodos. Este yacimiento y el de La Pedraja son los únicos conocidos en el registro del intervalo Titoniense-Berriasiense de la Península Ibérica que se formaron en un medio lagunar. En este sentido, podría haber una relación entre la diversidad de icnitas saurópodas ibéricas del intervalo Titoniense-Berriasiense y la presencia de éstas en distintos medios sedimentarios.

The research examines how board diversity and choice of auditing firm, as mechanisms of corporate governance, affect the profitability of Iberian companies. Using information from an adjusted sample of 93 non-financial companies listed on the Iberian stock exchanges, a theoretical model was regressed. Profit margin (PM) and return on equity (ROE), as two of the more frequently used profitability measures, capture, at a moderately acceptable level, the impact derived from board diversity and choice of auditing firm among Iberian companies. Most variables cited are not equally distributed across Iberia, in line with Hofstede’s cultural dimensions model. The evidence, while inconclusive, provides valuable insight into how governance mechanisms affect performance. In addition, the research provides value to the literature by introducing new proxies on board characteristics, and its impact on dynamic profitability. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion