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Simple Summary: The systematics of Cyrtophyllitinae Zeuner, 1935 sensu Gorochov, Jarzembowski & Coram, 2006 was revised. A new subfamily Archaboilinae subfam. nov. and a new genus, Pararchaboilus gen. nov. were erected. Two new species, Archaboilus ornatus sp. nov. and Vitimoilus gigantus sp. nov., are described from the Middle Jurassic China. A phylogeny of Cyrtophyllitinae Zeuner, 1935 sensu Gorochov, Jarzembowski & Coram, 2006, based on wing morphology, is presented including all genera. Cyrtophillitinae is found to be paraphyletic. Except for Cyrtophyllites rogeri Oppenheim, 1888, all other species were moved from the subfamily Cyrtophyllitinae (Hagloidea, Haglidae). Consequently, a new subfamily Archaboilinae subfam. nov. was erected and accommodates most of the previous cyrtophillitine taxa, except Cyrtophyllites rogeri. The type genus Archaboilus Martynov, 1937 of the new subfamily was designated; a new genus, Pararchaboilus gen. nov., was erected with the designation of type species Pararchaboilus cretaceus comb. nov. From the Middle Jurassic deposits of China, two new species, Archaboilus ornatus sp. nov. and Vitimoilus gigantus sp. nov., are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new genus and new species of the euthemistid, Kidaneuthemis ningchengensis gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China. It can be assigned to the Euthemistidae by the several long intercalary veins between RP1 and IR1, IR1 and RP2, as well as between RP2 and IR2 and between IR2 and RP3/4. Kidaneuthemis ningchengensis gen. et sp. nov. distinguishes from the other two genera of this family by the presence of not less than eight intercalary veins between MP and wing margin; about three rows of cells in the distal part between MA and MP; the base of IR2 is two cells distal to that of RP3/4. In addition, a revision of the family Euthemistidae has been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Berothidae, a small family with both extant species and extinct species of Neuroptera, has high species diversity in Cretaceous Myanmar amber. An in-depth study on the diversity of berothids in Cretaceous Myanmar amber will be conducive to better understand the early evolution of Berothidae species and explore the evolutionary relationship of fossil and extant groups. In this study, we describe one new genus and four new species of Berothidae from mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber. The new genus possesses some synapomorphies in common with Cyrenoberothinae, and this suggests that the new genus may have a close relationship with Cyrenoberothinae. In recent years, as more and more fossil species of berothids from Myanmar have been reported, the species and morphological diversity of Berothidae continues to increase. Herein, one new species of Berothidae, Aggregataberotha paucipunctata sp. nov., and one new genus, Sejunctaberotha gen. nov., with three new species (Sejunctaberotha sphaerica gen. et sp. nov., Sejunctaberotha tenuis gen. et sp. nov. and Sejunctaberotha transversa gen. et sp. nov.) are described from mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber. A. paucipunctata sp. nov. is assigned to Aggregataberotha Wang, Huang & Wang, 2022, based on the characteristics of the similar female terminalia and wing venation, but can be different from A. punctate regarding the pale pterostigma and a few detailed features of wing venation. Additionally, representatives of Sejunctaberotha gen. nov. are remarkably different from the representatives of the other genera within Berothidae in the configuration of wing venation. For example, Sejunctaberotha gen. nov. has simple subcostal veinlets, obviously free Sc and RA at the apex present both in fore- and hindwings, a single ra-rp crossvein connecting the RA with RP3, a single rp-m crossvein locating before the origin of the MP, a simple CuP and no gradate veins. Interestingly, in one of the specimens of Sejunctaberotha gen. nov., a pair of spherical bulges was found at the end of the antennae. The new genus Sejunctaberotha gen. nov. suggests that Berothidae had a higher potential diversification during the Mesozoic Era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Phasmatodea (stick and leaf insects) play a central role on the debate regarding wing reduction and loss, and its wings are putative reacquisition from secondarily wingless ancestors based solely on extant species. A pivotal taxon in this respect is the species-poor Timematodea, consisting of approximately 21 wingless extant species, which form the sister group of all remaining winged or wingless stick and leaf insects, the Euphasmatodea. Results: Herein, the new fossils of Timematodea from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber are reported, with winged and wingless species co-occurring. The palaeogeographic distributions of all fossils of Holophasmatodea are summarized, showing their wide paleo-distributions. The phylogenetic analysis based on morphological characters confirms the earliest-diverging lineage of winged Breviala cretacea gen. et sp. nov. in Timematodea, and the possible relationships among all families of Holophasmatodea. These are critical for the reconstruction of patterns of wing evolution in early Phasmatodea. Conclusions: The new fossils suggest that Timematodea once had wings, at least during the mid-Cretaceous. The palaeogeographic occurrences imply that Timematodea probably have been widely distributed since at least the Jurassic. The phylogenetic analysis with the ancestral-state reconstruction of wings indicates that the common ancestors of Holophasmatodea were winged, the reductions and losses of wings among Timematodea and Euphasmatodea have occurred independently since at least the Cretaceous, and the reduction or loss of the forewing earlier than the hind wings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the contrary, I M. robustus i and the two new species described here share with Ripipterygidae pro- and meso-tarsi with only two tarsomeres, metatarsi with only one tarsomere, unsegmented cerci and developed paraproctal lobes. Graph: Figure 4 Details of Magnidactylusgracilis sp. nov.: (A) photograph of left mesotibia, (B) line drawing of left mesotibia, (C) photograph of right metatarsus, (photograph obtained by holding specimen SICAU-A-085 upright with its side up), (D) line drawing of right metatarsus, (E) photograph of terminal abdominal and (F) line drawing of terminal abdominal. Ripipterygidae are characterized by unsegmented cerci (the cerci are two-segmented in Tridactylidae), uninflated mesotibiae (the mesotibiae are distinctly inflated in Tridactylidae) and modified paraproctal lobes (in Tridactylidae, the paraproctal lobes are unmodified and cylindrical in shape) [[2], [4], [6]]. Protibia slightly inflated distally with four or five dactyls; metatibia lacking swimming plates, metatarsus over twice as long as apical spurs, with a subapical denticular process; paraproctal lobe modified and two-segmented, clavate, longer than the cercus. [Extracted from the article]

Simple Summary: The presence of various morphologies of the ap-Cu, an extra vein with different lengths in the forewing, is a special character in Pamphiliidae. In Juralydinae, this vein is usually absent or extremely short. Here, we describe one new genus and three new species of Juralydinae with varying lengths of the ap-Cu from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Duolun County, Inner Mongolia, China, and revise the diagnostic characteristics of Juralydinae. The new specimens expand the diversity of Pamphiliidae in the Mesozoic and strengthen our knowledge of venation variation. One new genus and three new species of Pamphiliidae, Dolicholyda obtusata gen. et sp. nov., Dolicholyda confluens sp. nov., and Dolicholyda angusta sp. nov. are described and illustrated. All of them were collected from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Duolun County, Inner Mongolia, China. The new genus is established based on the following characters: body surface without punctations; forewing with pterostigma lanceolate and sclerotized around the margins; angle between 1-M and 1-Cu nearly 90°; cell 1mcu long and obviously longer than length of pterostigma. In most cases, the ap-Cu is present, and its length varied. Additionally, we revise the diagnostic characteristics of Juralydinae based on the new specimens. New findings enhance our understanding of the wing venation characteristics of fossil pamphiliids and expand the diversity of Pamphiliidae in the Mesozoic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: A new genus and species of Pachymeridiidae is described from the Early Cretaceous of Northeastern China. The structure of the well-developed coastal facture, claws, and male parameres are preserved. The documentation of these structures is provided for exploring the systematic position of Pachymeridiidae and the evolution of the costal fracture in Heteroptera. Varicapitatus sinuolatus gen. et sp. nov. is described from the Yixian Formation of Northeastern China. Based on the new specimens, this study discusses the morphological characteristics and taxonomic position of Pachymeridiidae: Pachymeridiidae belongs to Pentatomomorpha and is more closely related to Lygaeoidea. In Heteroptera, the costal fracture of the forewing is a homoplastic characteristic, already evolved independently several times among most taxa before the Early Cretaceous. The pulvillus under the claw in Pentatomomorpha is also a homoplastic characteristic. In Pachymeridiidae, the forewing costal fracture and absence of pulvillus can be recognized as an independent evolution or convergence, implying that pachymeridiids may have different flight and crawling behaviors distinct from other Pentatomomorpha groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new genus and species of Labenopimplinae (Ichneumonidae), Heteropimpla megista Li, Shih, Kopylov & Ren gen. et sp. nov., is erected based on a specimen in mid-Cretaceous Myanmar (Burmese) amber. A key to genera of Labenopimplinae is provided. In addition, a new species, Amplicella abbreviata Li, Shih, Kopylov & Ren (Tanychorinae) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation is described. Geometric morphometric analysis (GMA) was applied to study forewing venation of 24 Cretaceous species of Ichneumonidae and the results are presented for the first time. The GMA results not only confirm the taxonomic position of new taxa and relationships among these genera consistent with subfamily classifications, but also clarify the methodological differences between classical taxonomy and the GMA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of stem Orthoptera, namely Phtanomiamia gui gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Pennsylvanian Xiaheyan locality in China. Despite the intensive collecting efforts undertaken at this locality, a single forewing was recovered. It shares with the "lobeattid" Miamia spp. two peculiar traits, namely a broad ScP–R/RA area and a very early branching of CuA + CuPa. On the other hand, it displays a free portion of CuA (between its divergence from M + CuA and its fusion with CuPa), a trait allowing exclusion of the new species from Miamia , to which it is most likely very closely related. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five finely preserved termites from the mid‐Cretaceous (Cenomanian) amber of Myanmar provide new information allowing a reanalysis of the phylogeny of basal termites. The Mastotermitidae family is recovered as monophyletic, and a redefined Hodotermitidae sensu lato is also monophyletic to include Archotermopsidae, Hodotermitidae and Stolotermitidae. Such a phylogenetic relationship agrees with the results from previous molecular phylogeny. Alongside these findings, there are many taxa that can only be shown to be termites with no other phylogenetically informative data. These form a comb of 'grade groups' emerging in the Late Jurassic. The new amber specimens are described as two new species. Anisotermes xiaigen. et sp.n. is described from multiple castes and has symplesiomorphic characteristics: large body size, a broad pronotum, well‐developed reticulated veins, and a large anal lobe of the hindwings. It shares wing features with the other new species, Mastotermes monostichussp.n. Both new taxa are assigned to the Mastotermitidae, as they are shown to have synapomorphies that unite the family. This published work has been registered on ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1AD5CECA‐27B7‐48D5‐88DC‐CEC5150962D7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New Anomopterella Rasnitsyn, 1975, wasps from the Jiulongshan Formation (Bathonian/Callovian) at Daohugou (Inner Mongolia of China), with well-preserved wings, body, antennae and tarsi, document relationship among species and enhance our understanding of the morphology of the extinct family Anomopterellidae Rasnitsyn, 1975. Based on eight well-preserved specimens, we describe, A. pygmea sp. n. and A. brevis sp. n., describe new materials of A. ovalis Li, Rasnitsyn, Shih & Ren, 2013, and A. ampla Li, Rasnitsyn, Shih & Ren, 2013, emend the genus in Anomopterellidae (A. pygmea sp. n. with toruli and eyes), and provide a determination key to species of the genus, including four specimens outside the formal classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Lophocateridae are a small family of Cleroidea and their taxonomic rank has changed several times. The fossil record of Lophocateridae from Mesozoic deposits is sparse. Here, we figure and describe a new lophocaterid fossil, Gracilenticrus burmiticus, from the mid-Cretaceous amber of Myanmar. The new taxa broaden the generic and species diversity of lophocaterids and provide additional information for understanding the early evolution of Cleroidea. A new genus and species of the cleroid family Lophocateridae are described and illustrated from the mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar. Gracilenticrus burmiticus Yu, Kolibáč & Ślipiński gen. et sp. nov. is unique among Lophocateridae in the tiny body size, frontoclypeal suture and antennal grooves absent, symmetrical antennal clubs, protrochantin reduced, tarsal claws small and widened at base. A key to the species of Mesozoic Lophocateridae is also provided. Morphological characters of the newly discovered Gracilenticrus were analyzed together with representatives of 43 extant genera of Cleroidea (broadly defined Trogossitidae) in a matrix of 91 characters. Gracilenticrus burmiticus was resolved as a member of Lophocateridae. The discovery of a diverse fauna of Lophocateridae in the mid-Cretaceous sheds a new light on the early evolution of superfamily Cleroidea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Description of the Early Cretaceous (Yixian Formation, China) fauna of Staphylininae and Paederinae rove beetles, and a rigorous (maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) phylogenetic analysis of both extinct and extant taxa resulted in the following discoveries: a stem lineage sister to Staphylininae + Paederinae; a new tribe for Staphylininae, Thayeralinini trib. n.; several extinct species of the extant tribe Arrowinini; extinct basal lineages of the extant tribe Staphylinini; two stem genera of the 'Xantholinine-lineage' (Staphylininae); and recovery of Mesostaphylinus in Paederinae with several new species. It is demonstrated that by the Early Cretaceous, Paederinae and Staphylininae were already diversified into groups, some of which now represent extant tribes but not the branches dominating in the modern biota. While the study of the Early Cretaceous rove beetle fauna pushes the estimated divergence time between Paederinae and Staphylininae down into the Jurassic, it also suggests that presently hyperdiverse groups of Staphylininae originated some time later than the Early Cretaceous. In addition to one new tribe, five new genera ( Paleothius, Cretoprosopus, Thayeralinus, Paleowinus and Durothorax) and 17 new species are described in Staphylininae, and three new species of Mesostaphylinus are described in Paederinae. Mesostaphylinus fraternus ( incertae sedis) is moved to the genus Thayeralinus (Staphylininae). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new genera with six new species of hangingflies (Mecoptera: Raptipedia: Cimbrophlebiidae) are described. They were collected from the Middle Jurassic nonmarine sedimentary strata of the Jiulongshan Formation in Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, north-eastern China. This report of Cimbrophlebiidae from the Yanliao Biota provides detailed morphological information and evidence of a broad diversity of Cimbrophlebiidae during the Middle Jurassic. A key to the known species of Cimbrophlebiidae is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new genusAbrohadeocoleodesgen. nov. with four new species,A.eurycladussp. nov.,A. ooideussp. nov.,A. niisp. nov. andA. patefactussp. nov., and a new species,Menopraesagus oryziformissp. nov., assigned to the extinct family Schizophoridae (Archostemata) are described from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of eastern Inner Mongolia, China. Nearly 20 extinct schizophorid genera have been discovered throughout the world. These fossil records are of some significance in piecing together the evolution of the suborders Adephaga and Archostemata. Members of the new genusAbrohadeocoleodesappear to have a prognathous head with fairly large mandibles, a narrow linear space between the antennal fossa, large metatrochanter, and long and thin legs, as in some terrestrial Adephaga. They might have been able to run fast and hunt small prey over the open ground of lakeshores similarly to the earliest adephagan beetles. Furthermore,Abrohadeocoleodesexhibits a mixture of characters of both Archostemata and Adephaga, suggesting that it may share synapomorphies with Mesozoic adephagan beetles. In addition, the length ratio of the last to the penultimate abdominal ventrites in Schizophoridae shows an increasing trend from the Early Triassic to the Late Jurassic, suggesting that the species with a lower length ratio might have lived in more ancient times. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EBC0CDA1-C076-471B-A40C-81F1A9A40B03 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of Neuroptera, Sophogramma lii sp. nov. is described and illustrated in this paper. This new species is assigned to Sophogramma Ren of Kalligrammatidae, mainly based on its humeral recurrent veins, the basal cell present between posterior branch of media at base of wing, etc. The new species is distinguished from all other Sophogramma species on the difference of wing venation. This exceptionally well-preserved specimen is recovered from the Yixian Formation, Huangbanjigou, located near Beipiao City, in western Liaoning Province. The genus diagnosis has been emended based on new characters shown in this new species. Based on a summary of localities, distribution and geological ages of all genera and species of the Kalligrammatidae, we suggest that Kalligrammatids might have originated in Eastern Asia, especially in China. Function of the wing pigmentation is discussed briefly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jurassonurus amoenus, a new genus and species of Siphlonuridae s. l. is described from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of the Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China. The new species is established by more than 20 imago and subimago specimens in relatively good condition. Detailed description and illustration of the specimens along with a review of fossil Siphlonuridae s. l. are given. Comparing with two known dominant nymph species Fuyous gregarious Zhang and Kluge, 2007 and Shantous lacustri Zhang and Kluge, 2007 from the same locality, we could not find any relationship among them. The new species is another dominant species in Daohugou beds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oldest eurypterid from China is described as Hughmilleria wangi sp. nov., from the Xiaoxiyu Formation (Silurian: latest Llandovery) of Hunan Province. H. wangi is relatively similar to two species from North America, but differs in the development of epimera on the postabdomen, a slightly wider carapace, a styliform telson and the dimensions of the penultimate podomere of the paddle. The Llandovery age of the specimen substantially reduces the ghost range of the genus Hughmilleria. The exact phylogenetic relationship between the different species in Hughmilleria, the most basal genus in the pterygotoid clade, cannot be resolved because the plesiomorphic states within this clade are poorly known. The shapes of the telson and swimming paddle of the Chinese species suggest that it is more primitive than its North American relatives, which is in accord with its greater age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper one new genus and one new species of fossil ommatid, Odontomma trachylaena gen. et sp. nov., is described and illustrated from the Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaonlng, China. Based on wide epipleural space of elytron with several rows of cells, the new taxa is attributed to tribe Brochocoleini of Ommatidae and compared with genus Brochocoleus. Due to the fact that most other Chinese Mesozoic ommatids are not complete, the complete preservation of the new specimens reported here enabled us to determine the characteristics of the body of these ancient ommatid. Moreover, based on the well-preserved individual of this new genus, we may suppose the affinities of the new species with extant and extinct groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: A new false click-beetle (Eucnemidae) belonging to subfamily Anischiinae, formerly not known as fossils, extends the age of this small extant group 125 million years back. The structural specializations of the false click-beetle larvae are discussed. On the basis of this new piece of paleontological evidence, it is shown that these insects have changed their host preference from gymnosperms to angiosperms at least twice. It also indicates that the beetle larvae can switch their favored development substrate by adapting in different ways, either with or without morphological specialization. Rheanischia new genus, type species Rheanischia brevicornis new species (Eucnemidae, Anischiinae) is described from the Lower Cretaceous of Liaoning, China. The presence of this species in early Cretaceous deposits provides new insight into the evolution of basal lignicolous Eucnemidae clades. Both Anischiinae and Palaeoxeninae species diversified in a world dominated by gymnosperms, before the main radiation of angiosperms. More than 95% of modern eucnemid larvae have a Palaeoxenus-type highly modified head structure, but contrary to the Palaeoxenus larva, they develop in angiosperm wood. Anischiinae utilize angiosperms as well, but their head capsule shows no such modifications. These facts prove that highly specialized morphological features do not offer definite proof of similar way of life in the distant past, nor should non-modified structures be taken as proof for another kind of substrate choice. Eucnemidae have invaded angiosperms with two quite different morphological adaptations. This fact may have implications for the evolution of all clicking elateroids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although scales are a defining and conspicuous feature of moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera), 1–3 their earliest evolution predates the group but is shrouded by a dearth of fossil evidence. Herein, we report two new species in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, representing lineages closely related to Lepidoptera: one represents the extinct Tarachoptera, with dense scales on the fore- and hindwings, while the other is an early lineage of caddisflies, with a hindwing covered by a single layer of angustifoliate scales. A novel phylogenetic analysis of 174 morphological characters and 73 extant and fossil representatives of Mecopterida demonstrates a monophyletic origin of scales in the common ancestor of Tarachoptera, Trichoptera, and Lepidoptera; that Tarachoptera are monophyletic but their scale morphology is plesiomorphic for the whole group; and that scales were lost early in caddisfly evolution before reappearing multiple times within the clade. Collectively, these fossils provide clarity into the origin and early evolution of scales before their diversification among the moths and butterflies. • Lepidochlamidae fam. nov is the most basal lineage of Trichoptera with scales • Support the Tarachoptera as a monophyletic group at the base of Amphiesmenoptera • Scales are a monophyletic origin in the common ancestors of Endymenoptera • Scales lost in Eutrichoptera, but evolved and further developed in moths and butterflies Lepidochlamidae of Trichoptera and Tarachoptera in the mid-Cretaceous (99 Ma) have small and angustifoliate scales. Based on phylogenetic and morphometric analyses, Wang et al. suggest that scales are the ancestral state in Endymenoptera, followed by a major loss in Eutrichoptera and developed in moths and butterflies respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]