105 results on '"Disordered systems"'
Search Results
2. Generalizations of Parisi's replica symmetry breaking and overlaps in random energy models.
- Author
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Derrida, Bernard and Mottishaw, Peter
- Subjects
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ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics) , *EXPONENTIAL sums , *SYMMETRY breaking , *SPIN glasses , *POISSON processes - Abstract
The random energy model (REM) is the simplest spin glass model which exhibits replica symmetry breaking. It is well known since the 80's that its overlaps are non-selfaveraging and that their statistics satisfy the predictions of the replica theory. All these statistical properties can be understood by considering that the low energy levels are the points generated by a Poisson process with an exponential density. Here we first show how, by replacing the exponential density by a sum of two exponentials, the overlaps statistics are modified. One way to reconcile these results with the replica theory is to allow the blocks in the Parisi matrix to fluctuate. Other examples where the sizes of these blocks should fluctuate include the finite size corrections of the REM, the case of discrete energies and the overlaps between two temperatures. In all these cases, the block sizes not only fluctuate but need to take complex values if onewishes to reproduce the results of our replica-free calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2025
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3. Replica-Symmetry Breaking Transitions in the Large Deviations of the Ground-State of a Spherical Spin-Glass.
- Author
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Lacroix-A-Chez-Toine, Bertrand, Fyodorov, Yan V., and Le Doussal, Pierre
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LARGE deviations (Mathematics) , *THRESHOLD energy , *PHASE transitions , *MAGNETIC fields , *SYMMETRY breaking , *GENERALIZATION - Abstract
We derive, within the replica formalism, a generalisation of the Crisanti–Sommers formula to describe the large deviation function (LDF) L (e) for the speed-N atypical fluctuations of the intensive ground-state energy e of a generic spherical spin-glass in the presence of a random external magnetic field of variance Γ . We then analyse our exact formula for the LDF in much detail for the Replica symmetric, single step Replica Symmetry Breaking (1-RSB) and Full Replica Symmetry Breaking (FRSB) situations. Our main qualitative conclusion is that the level of RSB governing the LDF may be different from that for the typical ground-state. We find that while the deepest ground-states are always controlled by a LDF of replica symmetric form, beyond a finite threshold e ≥ e t a replica-symmetry breaking starts to be operative. These findings resolve the puzzling discrepancy between our earlier replica calculations for the p = 2 spherical spin-glass (Fyodorov and Le Doussal in J Stat Phys 154:466, 2014) and the rigorous results by Dembo and Zeitouni (J Stat Phys 159:1306, 2015) which we are able to reproduce invoking an 1-RSB pattern. Finally at an even larger critical energy e c ≥ e t , acting as a "wall", the LDF diverges logarithmically, which we interpret as a change in the large deviation speed from N to a faster growth. In addition, we show that in the limit Γ → 0 the LDF takes non-trivial scaling forms (i) L (e) ∼ G ((e - e c) / Γ) in the vicinity of the wall (ii) L (e) ∼ Γ η ν F ((e - e typ) / Γ ν) in the vicinity of the typical energy, characterised by two new exponents η ≥ 1 and ν characterising universality classes. Via matching the latter allows us to formulate several conjectures concerning the regime of typical fluctuations, identified as e - e typ ∼ N - 1 / η and Γ ∼ N - 1 / (η ν) . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
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4. Revisiting the Replica Trick: Competition Between Spin Glass and Conventional Order.
- Author
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Baldwin, Christopher L. and Swingle, Brian
- Abstract
There is an ambiguity in how to apply the replica trick to spin glass models which have additional order parameters unrelated to spin glass order—with respect to which quantities does one minimize vs maximize the action, and in what sequence? Here we show that the correct procedure is to first maximize with respect to “replica” order parameters, and then minimize with respect to “conventional” order parameters. With this result, we further elucidate the relationship between quenched free energies, annealed free energies, and replica order—it is possible for the quenched and annealed free energies to differ even while all replica order parameters remain zero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2023
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5. Finite-Size Relaxational Dynamics of a Spike Random Matrix Spherical Model.
- Author
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de Freitas Pimenta, Pedro H. and Stariolo, Daniel A.
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RANDOM matrices , *PHASE transitions , *SPIN glasses , *SPIN crossover , *NUMERICAL analysis , *POWER law (Mathematics) , *RANDOM graphs - Abstract
We present a thorough numerical analysis of the relaxational dynamics of the Sherrington–Kirkpatrick spherical model with an additive non-disordered perturbation for large but finite sizes N. In the thermodynamic limit and at low temperatures, the perturbation is responsible for a phase transition from a spin glass to a ferromagnetic phase. We show that finite-size effects induce the appearance of a distinctive slow regime in the relaxation dynamics, the extension of which depends on the size of the system and also on the strength of the non-disordered perturbation. The long time dynamics are characterized by the two largest eigenvalues of a spike random matrix which defines the model, and particularly by the statistics concerning the gap between them. We characterize the finite-size statistics of the two largest eigenvalues of the spike random matrices in the different regimes, sub-critical, critical, and super-critical, confirming some known results and anticipating others, even in the less studied critical regime. We also numerically characterize the finite-size statistics of the gap, which we hope may encourage analytical work which is lacking. Finally, we compute the finite-size scaling of the long time relaxation of the energy, showing the existence of power laws with exponents that depend on the strength of the non-disordered perturbation in a way that is governed by the finite-size statistics of the gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2023
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6. Random Ising chain in transverse and longitudinal fields: Strong disorder RG study.
- Author
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Pető, T., Iglói, F., and Kovács, I. A.
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QUANTUM spin models , *RANDOM fields , *RENORMALIZATION group , *QUANTUM fluctuations , *CRITICAL point (Thermodynamics) , *SPACE groups - Abstract
Motivated by the compound LiHoxY1-xF4, we consider the Ising chain with random couplings and in the presence of simultaneous random transverse and longitudinal fields, and study its low-energy properties at zero temperature by the strong disorder renormalization group approach. In the absence of longitudinal fields, the system exhibits a quantum-ordered and a quantum-disordered phase separated by a critical point of infinite disorder. When the longitudinal random field is switched on, the ordered phase vanishes and the trajectories of the renormalization group are attracted to two disordered fixed points: one is characteristic of the classical random field Ising chain, the other describes the quantum disordered phase. The two disordered phases are separated by a separatrix that starts at the infinite disorder fixed point and near which there are strong quantum fluctuations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2023
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7. (Dis)assortative partitions on random regular graphs.
- Author
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Behrens, Freya, Arpino, Gabriel, Kivva, Yaroslav, and Zdeborová, Lenka
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RANDOM graphs , *SPIN glasses , *DISPLAY systems , *SYMMETRY breaking , *REGULAR graphs , *GRAPH algorithms , *SYSTEM dynamics - Abstract
We study the problem of assortative and disassortative partitions on random d -regular graphs. Nodes in the graph are partitioned into two non-empty groups. In the assortative partition every node requires at least H of their neighbors to be in their own group. In the disassortative partition they require less than H neighbors to be in their own group. Using the cavity method based on analysis of the belief propagation algorithm we establish for which combinations of parameters (d, H) these partitions exist with high probability and for which they do not. For \lceil \frac{d}{2}\rceil $?> H > ⌠d 2 ⌉ we establish that the structure of solutions to the assortative partition problems corresponds to the so-called frozen-one-step replica symmetry breaking. This entails a conjecture of algorithmic hardness of finding these partitions efficiently. For H ⩽ ⌠d 2 ⌉ we argue that the assortative partition problem is algorithmically easy on average for all d. Further we provide arguments about asymptotic equivalence between the assortative partition problem and the disassortative one, going through a close relation to the problem of single-spin-flip-stable states in spin glasses. In the context of spin glasses, our results on algorithmic hardness imply a conjecture that gapped single spin flip stable states are hard to find which may be a universal reason behind the observation that physical dynamics in glassy systems display convergence to marginal stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2022
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8. Is the Riemann Zeta Function in a Short Interval a 1-RSB Spin Glass?
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Arguin, Louis-Pierre, Tai, Warren, and Sidoravicius, Vladas, editor
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- 2019
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9. The Asymptotics of the Clustering Transition for Random Constraint Satisfaction Problems.
- Author
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Budzynski, Louise and Semerjian, Guilhem
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CONSTRAINT satisfaction , *RANDOM graphs , *HYPERGRAPHS , *PHASE transitions , *FUNCTIONAL equations , *STATISTICAL physics , *SPIN glasses - Abstract
Random constraint satisfaction problems exhibit several phase transitions when their density of constraints is varied. One of these threshold phenomena, known as the clustering or dynamic transition, corresponds to a transition for an information theoretic problem called tree reconstruction. In this article we study this threshold for two CSPs, namely the bicoloring of k-uniform hypergraphs with a density α of constraints, and the q-coloring of random graphs with average degree c. We show that in the large k, q limit the clustering transition occurs for α = 2 k - 1 k (ln k + ln ln k + γ d + o (1)) , c = q (ln q + ln ln q + γ d + o (1)) , where γ d is the same constant for both models. We characterize γ d via a functional equation, solve the latter numerically to estimate γ d ≈ 0.871 , and obtain an analytic lowerbound γ d ≥ 1 + ln (2 (2 - 1)) ≈ 0.812 . Our analysis unveils a subtle interplay of the clustering transition with the rigidity (naive reconstruction) threshold that occurs on the same asymptotic scale at γ r = 1 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2020
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10. Dynamics for Spherical Spin Glasses: Disorder Dependent Initial Conditions.
- Author
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Dembo, Amir and Subag, Eliran
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SPIN glasses , *NONLINEAR equations , *LOW temperatures , *HIGH temperatures , *STATISTICAL mechanics , *INTEGRO-differential equations - Abstract
We derive the thermodynamic limit of the empirical correlation and response functions in the Langevin dynamics for spherical mixed p-spin disordered mean-field models, starting uniformly within one of the spherical bands on which the Gibbs measure concentrates at low temperature for the pure p-spin models and mixed perturbations of them. We further relate the large time asymptotics of the resulting coupled non-linear integro-differential equations, to the geometric structure of the Gibbs measures (at low temperature), and derive their FDT solution (at high temperature). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2020
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11. Introduction to the dynamics of disordered systems: Equilibrium and gradient descent.
- Author
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Giampaolo, Folena, Alessandro, Manacorda, and Francesco, Zamponi
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SYSTEM dynamics , *STATISTICAL physics , *GLASS transitions , *EQUILIBRIUM , *SUMMER schools - Abstract
This paper contains the lecture notes of the short courses given by one of us (F.Z.) at the summer school Fundamental Problems in Statistical Physics XV , held in Brunico, Italy, in July 2021, and, just before that, at the summer school Glassy Systems and Inter-Disciplinary Applications , held in Cargese, France, in June 2021. The course was a short introductory overview of the dynamics of disordered systems, focused in particular on the equilibrium dynamics (with the associated glass transition), and on the simplest case of off-equilibrium dynamics, namely gradient descent. A few selected topics (and references) are chosen, based on the authors' own taste and competences, and on pedagogical reasons, without aiming at a complete review of the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2023
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12. Spin Glasses in a Field Show a Phase Transition Varying the Distance among Real Replicas (And How to Exploit It to Find the Critical Line in a Field)
- Author
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Maddalena Dilucca, Luca Leuzzi, Giorgio Parisi, Federico Ricci-Tersenghi, and Juan J. Ruiz-Lorenzo
- Subjects
disordered systems ,spin glasses ,mean field ,phase transitions ,numerical simulations ,Science ,Astrophysics ,QB460-466 ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
We discuss a phase transition in spin glass models that have been rarely considered in the past, namely, the phase transition that may take place when two real replicas are forced to be at a larger distance (i.e., at a smaller overlap) than the typical one. In the first part of the work, by solving analytically the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model in a field close to its critical point, we show that, even in a paramagnetic phase, the forcing of two real replicas to an overlap small enough leads the model to a phase transition where the symmetry between replicas is spontaneously broken. More importantly, this phase transition is related to the de Almeida-Thouless (dAT) critical line. In the second part of the work, we exploit the phase transition in the overlap between two real replicas to identify the critical line in a field in finite dimensional spin glasses. This is a notoriously difficult computational problem, because of considerable finite size corrections. We introduce a new method of analysis of Monte Carlo data for disordered systems, where the overlap between two real replicas is used as a conditioning variate. We apply this analysis to equilibrium measurements collected in the paramagnetic phase in a field, h > 0 and T c ( h ) < T < T c ( h = 0 ) , of the d = 1 spin glass model with long range interactions decaying fast enough to be outside the regime of validity of the mean field theory. We thus provide very reliable estimates for the thermodynamic critical temperature in a field. more...
- Published
- 2020
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13. Influence of Concentration Fluctuations on Relaxation Processes in Spin Glasses
- Author
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Julia N. Wagner, Wolfgang Häußler, Olaf Holderer, Andreas Bauer, Stephen M. Shapiro, and Peter Böni
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spin glasses ,disordered systems ,magnetism ,neutron spin echo ,Technology ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
Using the unique combination of atomically resolved atom probe tomography (APT) and volume averaged neutron (resonance) spin echo (NRSE and NSE) experiments, the influence of nano-scaled clusters on the spin relaxation in spin glasses was studied. For this purpose, the phase transition from the paramagnetic phase to the spin glass phase in an Fe-Cr spin glass with a composition of Fe 17.8 Cr 82.2 was studied in detail by means of NRSE. The microstructure was characterised by APT measurements, which show local concentration fluctuations of Fe and Cr on a length scale of 2 to 5 nm, which lead (i) to the coexistence of ferro- and anti-ferromagnetic clusters and (ii) a change of the magnetic properties of the whole sample, even in the spin glass phase, where spins are supposed to be randomly frozen. We show that a generalized spin glass relaxation function, which was successfully used to describe the phase transition in diluted spin glasses, can also be used for fitting the spin dynamics in spin glasses with significant concentration fluctuations. more...
- Published
- 2018
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14. Out of equilibrium Phase Diagram of the Quantum Random Energy Model
- Author
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Marco Schiró, Marco Tarzia, Giulio Biroli, Davide Facoetti, Pierpaolo Vivo, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Systèmes Désordonnés et Applications, Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS (UMR_8023)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Jeunes Équipes de l'Institut de Physique du Collège de France (JEIPCdF), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (LPMC), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Schiro, Marco, Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL, and European Project: 723955,GlassUniversality more...
- Subjects
[PHYS.COND.GAS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Quantum Gases [cond-mat.quant-gas] ,FOS: Physical sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,[PHYS] Physics [physics] ,symbols.namesake ,[PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph] ,Spin glasses ,Phase (matter) ,0103 physical sciences ,Many-body localization ,Ergodic theory ,Anderson localization ,[PHYS.COND.CM-DS-NN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Disordered Systems and Neural Networks [cond-mat.dis-nn] ,Statistical physics ,[PHYS.COND.CM-SM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Statistical Mechanics [cond-mat.stat-mech] ,010306 general physics ,Quantum ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ,Phase diagram ,Physics ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Quantum Physics ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,Random energy model ,Diagram ,Hilbert space ,Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn) ,Eigenfunction ,Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Disordered systems ,Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas) ,symbols ,0210 nano-technology ,Quantum Physics (quant-ph) ,Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases - Abstract
In this paper we study the out-of-equilibrium phase diagram of the quantum version of Derrida's Random Energy Model, which is the simplest model of mean-field spin glasses. We interpret its corresponding quantum dynamics in Fock space as a one-particle problem in very high dimension to which we apply different theoretical methods tailored for high-dimensional lattices: the Forward-Scattering Approximation, a mapping to the Rosenzweig-Porter model, and the cavity method. Our results indicate the existence of two transition lines and three distinct dynamical phases: a completely many-body localized phase at low energy, a fully ergodic phase at high energy, and a multifractal "bad metal" phase at intermediate energy. In the latter, eigenfunctions occupy a diverging volume, yet an exponentially vanishing fraction of the total Hilbert space. We discuss the limitations of our approximations and the relationship with previous studies., 21 pages, 13 figures more...
- Published
- 2021
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15. The glass crossover from mean-field Spin-Glasses to supercooled liquids.
- Author
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Rizzo, Tommaso
- Subjects
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SUPERCOOLED liquids , *METALLIC glasses , *MEAN field theory , *SIMULATED annealing , *SPIN glasses - Abstract
Stochastic-Beta-Relaxation provides a characterisation of the glass crossover in discontinuous Spin-Glasses and supercoooled liquid. Notably it can be derived through a rigorous computation from a dynamical Landau theory. In this paper, I will discuss the precise meaning of this connection in a language that does not require familiarity with statistical field theory. I will discuss finite-size corrections in mean-field Spin-Glass models and loop corrections in finite-dimensional models that are both described by the dynamical Landau theory considered. Then I will argue that the same Landau theory can be associated to supercooled liquid described by Mode-Coupling Theory invoking a physical principle of time-scale invariance. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER] more...
- Published
- 2016
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16. STOCHASTIC STABILITY AND THE SPIN GLASS PHASE. THE STATE OF ART FOR MEAN FIELD AND FINITE DIMENSIONAL MODELS.
- Author
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CONTUCCI, P.
- Subjects
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MEAN field theory , *FACTORIZATION , *SPIN glasses , *QUANTUM field theory , *FERROMAGNETISM - Published
- 2013
17. Effect of short range ordering on the magnetism in disordered Fe:Al alloy.
- Author
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Ghosh, Tanmoy, Jena, Ambika Prasad, Sanyal, Biplab, Hirosuke Sonomura, Mukhopadhyay, P. K., Tomoyuki Kakeshita, Takashi Fukuda, and Mookerjee, Abhijit
- Subjects
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IRON-aluminum alloys , *MAGNETISM , *MAGNETIC properties of metals , *CHEMISTRY experiments , *SPIN glasses , *ELECTRONIC band structure - Abstract
Magnetic behavior of equiatomic FeAl alloy is still not satisfactorily understood. In this work, we studied the magnetic properties of disordered FeAl alloy both experimentally and using first-principles theories and revisited the alloy system in perspective of the inhomogeneity present in the system. After obtaining magnetic exchange interactions from first-principles theories, we carried out Monte-Carlo simulations on special quasi-random structures (SQS) and compared the results with experimental measurements. We tried to understand the plethora of often differing results and explain them in terms of possible inhomogeneities in the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2014
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18. Free-Energy Bounds for Hierarchical Spin Models.
- Author
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Castellana, Michele, Barra, Adriano, and Guerra, Francesco
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QUANTUM spin models , *MEAN field models (Statistical physics) , *SPIN glasses , *FERROMAGNETIC materials , *CRITICAL temperature , *STATISTICAL correlation - Abstract
In this paper we study two non-mean-field (NMF) spin models built on a hierarchical lattice: the hierarchical Edward-Anderson model (HEA) of a spin glass, and Dyson's hierarchical model (DHM) of a ferromagnet. For the HEA, we prove the existence of the thermodynamic limit of the free energy and the replica-symmetry-breaking (RSB) free-energy bounds previously derived for the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model of a spin glass. These RSB mean-field bounds are exact only if the order-parameter fluctuations (OPF) vanish: given that such fluctuations are not negligible in NMF models, we develop a novel strategy to tackle part of OPF in hierarchical models. The method is based on absorbing part of OPF of a block of spins into an effective Hamiltonian of the underlying spin blocks. We illustrate this method for DHM and show that, compared to the mean-field bound for the free energy, it provides a tighter NMF bound, with a critical temperature closer to the exact one. To extend this method to the HEA model, a suitable generalization of Griffith's correlation inequalities for Ising ferromagnets is needed: since correlation inequalities for spin glasses are still an open topic, we leave the extension of this method to hierarchical spin glasses as a future perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2014
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19. Scaling Law Describes the Spin-Glass Response in Theory, Experiments, and Simulations
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Enzo Marinari, Marco Baity-Jesi, Enrico Calore, David Iñiguez, A. Cruz, Beatriz Seoane, Andrea Maiorano, I. Gonzalez-Adalid Pemartin, Victor Martin-Mayor, A. Muñoz-Sudupe, Deborah L. Schlagel, Alfonso Tarancón, Raymond Lee Orbach, Qiang Zhai, L. A. Fernandez, Sebastiano Fabio Schifano, Raffaele Tripiccione, Giorgio Parisi, David Yllanes, Denis Navarro, J. Moreno-Gordo, I. Paga, Federico Ricci-Tersenghi, Antonio Gordillo-Guerrero, Juan J. Ruiz-Lorenzo, J. M. Gil-Narvion, and Sergio Perez-Gaviro more...
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Physical Systems, Disordered systems, Glassy systems, Spin glasses ,Scaling law ,Spin glass ,General Physics and Astronomy ,FOS: Physical sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Condensed Matter::Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,NO ,Spin glasses ,0103 physical sciences ,Statistical physics ,Janus ,010306 general physics ,Analysis method ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ,Physics ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,Física ,Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn) ,Physical Systems ,Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,PE2_18 ,Magnetic field ,Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter ,Disordered systems ,Spin glasses, disorder system, theory and experiments ,Glass transition ,Single crystal ,Glassy systems - Abstract
The correlation length $\xi$, a key quantity in glassy dynamics, can now be precisely measured for spin glasses both in experiments and in simulations. However, known analysis methods lead to discrepancies either for large external fields or close to the glass temperature. We solve this problem by introducing a scaling law that takes into account both the magnetic field and the time-dependent spin-glass correlation length. The scaling law is successfully tested against experimental measurements in a CuMn single crystal and against large-scale simulations on the Janus II dedicated computer., Comment: Revised version, including supplemental material more...
- Published
- 2020
20. Room temperature relaxor ferroelectricity and spin glass behavior in Sr2FeTiO6 double perovskite
- Author
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Neenu Lekshmi, P., Savitha Pillai, S., Suresh, K.G., Santhosh, P.N., and Varma, Manoj Raama
- Subjects
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TEMPERATURE effect , *FERROELECTRICITY , *SPIN glasses , *PEROVSKITE , *STRONTIUM , *MAGNETIC properties of metals , *DIELECTRICS - Abstract
Abstract: The structure, dielectric and magnetic properties of complex Sr2FeTiO6 double perovskite have been investigated. Reitveld analysis of X-ray powder diffraction pattern reveals that the material is stabilized in a cubic perovskite phase with space group without the B-site cations ordering. The temperature evolution of crystal structural studies indicates the absence of structural changes with temperature. The scanning electron micrograph exhibits heterogeneous grain distribution with average grain size of 1–7.5μm. The bond valence sum calculations and diffusion-assisted small-polaron hopping conduction mechanism confirm the mixed valence state of Fe/Ti ions. Dielectric spectra show a broad dielectric anomaly coupled with a shift in dielectric maxima towards higher temperature with frequency, exhibiting a typical relaxor ferroelectric behavior. The relaxor behavior has been quantitatively characterized based on the phenomenological parameters (T m, T B, γ, ΔT relax). The agreement of dielectric relaxation with non-linear Vogel Fulcher relation indicates that the system is indeed a relaxor exhibiting glassy characteristics. The transport studies show a semiconductor like behavior and a negligible magnetoresistance. Furthermore, the magnetic characterisation exhibits a non-metallic spin-glass-like state below 16K, driven by competing interactions between the antiferromagnetic and the ferromagnetic states. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] more...
- Published
- 2012
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21. Exploring models of associative memory via cavity quantum electrodynamics.
- Author
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Gopalakrishnan, Sarang, Lev, Benjamin L., and Goldbart, Paul M.
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QUANTUM electrodynamics , *MATHEMATICAL models , *ASSOCIATIVE storage , *SPIN-spin interactions , *STATISTICAL physics , *MAGNETISM , *ARTIFICIAL neural networks - Abstract
Photons in multimode optical cavities can be used to mediate tailored interactions between atoms confined in the cavities. For atoms possessing multiple internal (i.e., “spin”) states, the spin–spin interactions mediated by the cavity are analogous in structure to the Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida (RKKY) interaction between localized spins in metals. Thus, in particular, it is possible to use atoms in cavities to realize models of frustrated and/or disordered spin systems, including models that can be mapped on to the Hopfield network model and related models of associative memory. We explain how this realization of models of associative memory comes about and discuss ways in which the properties of these models can be probed in a cavity-based setting. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER] more...
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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22. A numerical study of the overlap probability distribution and its sample-to-sample fluctuations in a mean-field model.
- Author
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Parisi, Giorgio and Ricci-Tersenghi, Federico
- Subjects
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NUMERICAL analysis , *DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory) , *MEAN field theory , *SPIN glasses , *MAGNETIC fields , *FLUCTUATIONS (Physics) , *STATISTICAL mechanics , *MAGNETISM - Abstract
In this paper we study the fluctuations of the probability distributions of the overlap in mean-field spin glasses in the presence of a magnetic field on the De Almeida–Thouless line. We find that there is a large tail in the left part of the distribution that is dominated by the contributions of rare samples. Different techniques are used to examine the data and to stress different aspects of the contribution of rare samples. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER] more...
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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23. The Sherrington–Kirkpatrick model near Tc and near T =0.
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Crisanti, A. and De Dominicis, C.
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ISING model , *SPIN glasses , *STATISTICAL mechanics , *TEMPERATURE effect , *SYMMETRY breaking , *EIGENVALUES - Abstract
Some recent results concerning the Sherrington–Kirkpatrick model are reported. For T near the critical temperature T c , the replica free energy of the Sherrington–Kirkpatrick model is taken as the starting point of an expansion in powers of about the replica symmetric solution . The expansion is kept up to fourth order in δ Q where a Parisi solution Q ab = Q(x) emerges, but only if one remains close enough to T c . For T near zero we show how to separate contributions from x ≪ T ≪ 1 where the Hessian maintains the standard structure of Parisi replica symmetry breaking with bands of eigenvalues bounded below by zero modes. For T ≪ x ≤ 1 the bands collapse and only two eigenvalues, a null one and a positive one, are found. In this region the solution stands in what can be called a droplet-like regime. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER] more...
- Published
- 2012
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24. How genealogies are affected by the speed of evolution.
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Brunet, Éric and Derrida, Bernard
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- *
SPIN glasses , *MONTE Carlo method , *COMPUTER simulation , *BIOPHYSICS , *PHENOMENOLOGY , *MEAN field theory - Abstract
In a series of recent works it has been shown that a class of simple models of evolving populations under selection leads to genealogical trees whose statistics are given by the Bolthausen–Sznitman coalescent rather than by the well-known Kingman coalescent in the case of neutral evolution. Here we show that when conditioning the genealogies on the speed of evolution, one finds a one-parameter family of tree statistics which interpolates between the Bolthausen–Sznitman and Kingman coalescents. This interpolation can be calculated explicitly for one specific version of the model, the exponential model. Numerical simulations of another version of the model and a phenomenological theory indicate that this one-parameter family of tree statistics could be universal. We compare this tree structure with those appearing in other contexts, in particular in the mean field theory of spin glasses. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER] more...
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Ground states of the Sherrington–Kirkpatrick spin glass with Levy bonds.
- Author
-
Boettcher, Stefan
- Subjects
- *
SPIN glasses , *ISING model , *MATHEMATICAL optimization , *COMPUTER simulation , *SYMMETRY breaking , *GAUSSIAN distribution , *FORCE & energy - Abstract
Ground states of Ising spin glasses on fully connected graphs are studied for a broadly distributed bond family. In particular, bonds J distributed according to a Levy distribution P(J) ∝ 1/|J|1+α, |J| > 1, are investigated for a range of powers α. The results are compared with those for the Sherrington–Kirkpatrick (SK) model, where bonds are Gaussian distributed. In particular, we determine the variation of the ground-state energy densities with α, their finite-size corrections, measure their fluctuations, and analyze the local field distribution. We find that the energies themselves at infinite system size attain universally the Parisi-energy of the SK as long as the second moment of P(J) exists (α > 2). They compare favorably with recent one-step replica symmetry breaking predictions well below α = 2. At and just below α = 2, the simulations deviate significantly from theoretical expectations. The finite-size investigation reveals that the corrections exponent ω decays from the putative SK value ω SK = 2/3 already well above α = 2, at which point it reaches a minimum. This result is justified with a speculative calculation of a random energy model with Levy bonds. The exponent ρ that describes the variations of the ground-state energy fluctuations with system size decays monotonically from its SK value for decreasing α and appears to vanish at α = 1. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER] more...
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Many-body spin glasses in the microcanonical ensemble.
- Author
-
Bertalan, Zsolt and Nishimori, Hidetoshi
- Subjects
- *
PHASE diagrams , *GLASS transition temperature , *PHASE transitions , *SPIN glasses , *GAUSSIAN distribution , *FORCE & energy - Abstract
We investigate the p-spin model with Gaussian-distributed random interactions in the microcanonical ensemble using the replica theory. For p = 2, there are only second-order phase transitions and we recover the results of Sherrington and Kirkpatrick obtained in the canonical ensemble. For p ≥ 3, the transition between the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases is of first order, and the microcanonical and canonical ensembles give different results. We also discuss the ensemble inequivalence of the random energy model, corresponding to the limit p → ∞. This is the first systematic treatment of spin glasses with long-range interactions in the microcanonical ensemble, which shows how the two ensembles give different results. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER] more...
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Phase Transitions for the Cavity Approach to the Clique Problem on Random Graphs.
- Author
-
Gaudillière, Alexandre, Scoppola, Benedetto, Scoppola, Elisabetta, and Viale, Massimiliano
- Subjects
- *
PHASE transitions , *STATISTICAL mechanics , *RANDOM graphs , *ALGORITHMS , *SPIN glasses - Abstract
We give a rigorous proof of two phase transitions for a disordered statistical mechanics system used to define an algorithm to find large cliques inside Erdös random graphs. Such a system is a conservative probabilistic cellular automaton inspired by the cavity method originally introduced in spin glass theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. The overlap parameter across an inverse first-order phase transition in a 3D spin-glass.
- Author
-
Paoluzzi, M., Leuzzi, L., and Crisanti, A.
- Subjects
- *
SPIN glasses , *PHASE transitions , *THERMODYNAMICS , *STATISTICAL mechanics , *MONTE Carlo method , *SIMULATION methods & models , *STATISTICAL physics - Abstract
We investigate the thermodynamic phase transition taking place in the Blume-Capel model in the presence of quenched disorder in three dimensions. In particular, performing exchange Monte Carlo simulations, we study the behaviour of the order parameters across the first-order phase transition and its related coexistence region. This transition is inverse freezing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Bond diluted Levy spin-glass model and a new finite-size scaling method to determine a phase transition.
- Author
-
Leuzzi, L., Parisi, G., Ricci-Tersenghi, F., and Ruiz-Lorenzo, J. J.
- Subjects
- *
SPIN glasses , *LEVY processes , *FINITE size scaling (Statistical physics) , *PHASE transitions , *GLASS transition temperature , *STATISTICAL mechanics , *THERMODYNAMICS - Abstract
A spin-glass transition occurs both within and outside of the limits of validity of mean-field theory for a diluted one-dimensional chain of Ising spins where exchange bonds occur with a probability decaying as the inverse power of the distance. Varying the power in this long-range model corresponds, in a one-to-one relationship, to changing the dimension in spin-glass short-range models. Using different finite-size scaling methods, evidence for a spin-glass transition is also found for systems whose equivalent dimension is below the upper critical dimension at zero magnetic field. The application of a new method is discussed, which can be exported to systems in a magnetic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. DRIVEN TRANSITIONS AT THE ONSET OF ERGODICITY BREAKING IN GAUGE-INVARIANT COMPLEX NETWORKS.
- Author
-
BARRA, ADRIANO
- Subjects
- *
GAUGE field theory , *ERGODIC theory , *STATISTICAL mechanics , *SPIN glasses , *COMPLEXITY (Philosophy) , *DEGREES of freedom , *PHASE transitions - Abstract
In the last few years, the statistical mechanics of spin glasses has become one of the major frameworks for analyzing the macroscopical equilibrium properties of complex systems starting from the microscopical dynamics of their components. Recently, many advances in its rigorous formulation without the replica trick have been achieved, highlighting the importance of this field of research in our understanding of complex systems. In this framework we analyze the critical behavior of a Poissonian diluted network with random competitive interactions among gauge-invariant dichotomic variables pasted on the nodes (i.e., a suitable version of the Viana-Bray diluted spin glass). The model is described by an infinite series of order parameters (the multioverlaps) and has two degrees of freedom: the temperature (which can be thought of as the noise level) and the connectivity (the averaged number of links per node in the underlying network). In this paper, we show that there are not several transition lines, one for every order parameter, as a naive approach would suggest but just one corresponding to ergodicity breaking. We explain this scenario within a novel and simple mathematical technique: we show the existence of a driving mechanism such that, as the first order parameter (the two-replica overlap) becomes different from zero due to a real second order phase transition, it enforces all the other multioverlaps toward positive values thanks to the strong correlations which develop among themselves and the two-replica overlap at the critical line. These correlations are ultimately related - within our framework - to the breaking of the gauge invariance of the Boltzmann state at the boundary of the ergodic region. A discussion on the structure of the free energy, fundamental macroscopical observable by which the whole thermodynamic can be achieved, is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. On a nonhierarchical version of the Generalized Random Energy Model, II: Ultrametricity
- Author
-
Bolthausen, Erwin and Kistler, Nicola
- Subjects
- *
SOLID state physics , *SOLIDS , *CRYSTALLINE electric field , *DX centers (Solid state physics) - Abstract
Abstract: We study the Gibbs measure of the nonhierarchical versions of the Generalized Random Energy Models introduced in previous work. We prove that the ultrametricity holds only provided some nondegeneracy conditions on the Hamiltonian are met. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] more...
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Limiting Dynamics for Spherical Models of Spin Glasses at High Temperature.
- Author
-
Dembo, Amir, Guionnet, Alice, and Mazza, Christian
- Subjects
- *
SPIN glasses , *HIGH temperatures , *STOCHASTIC processes , *STATISTICAL mechanics , *INTEGRO-differential equations , *LANGEVIN equations - Abstract
We analyze the coupled non-linear integro-differential equations whose solution is the thermodynamical limit of the empirical correlation and response functions in the Langevin dynamics for spherical p-spin disordered mean-field models. We provide a mathematically rigorous derivation of their FDT solution (for the high temperature regime) and of certain key properties of this solution, which are in agreement with earlier derivations based on physical grounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. New exactly solvable model: “spherical” 3-state Potts model
- Author
-
Gribova, N.V., Ryzhov, V.N., and Tareyeva, E.E.
- Subjects
- *
SOLVABLE groups , *MATHEMATICAL models , *CONSTRAINTS (Physics) , *SPIN glasses - Abstract
Abstract: A new class of exactly solvable models is proposed: continuous Potts models with an analog of spherical constraints. The “spherical” 3-state Potts spin glass model is solved using the known properties of large random matrices. For this model, the results are identical to those obtained by the replica approach for replica symmetric solution. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] more...
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. The High Temperature Region of the Viana–Bray Diluted Spin Glass Model.
- Author
-
Guerra, Francesco and Toninelli, Fabio Lucio
- Subjects
- *
SPIN glasses , *HIGH temperatures , *MAGNETIC fields , *MEAN field theory , *RANDOM variables , *SIMULATED annealing - Abstract
In this paper, we study the high temperature or low connectivity phase of the Viana–Bray model in the absence of magnetic field. This is a diluted version of the well known Sherrington–Kirkpatrick mean field spin glass. In the whole replica symmetric region, we obtain a complete control of the system, proving annealing for the infinite volume free energy and a central limit theorem for the suitably rescaled fluctuations of the multi-overlaps. Moreover, we show that free energy fluctuations, on the scale 1/N, converge in the infinite volume limit to a non-Gaussian random variable, whose variance diverges at the boundary of the replica-symmetric region. The connection with the fully connected Sherrington– Kirkpatrick model is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Le modèle du p-spin mixte : sélectionner, suivre et perdre les états
- Author
-
Folena, Giampaolo, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Dipartimento di Fisica [Roma La Sapienza], Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Université Paris-Saclay, Università degli studi La Sapienza (Rome), Silvio Franz, and Federico Ricci-Tersenghi more...
- Subjects
Verres de spin ,Disordered systems ,mean-field ,Mean field ,Spin glasses ,spin glasses ,out of equilibrium dynamics ,Champ moyen ,[PHYS.COND.CM-DS-NN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Disordered Systems and Neural Networks [cond-mat.dis-nn] ,Systèmes désordonnés ,Dynamique hors équilibre ,Out of equilibrium dynamics - Abstract
The main driving notion behind my thesis research is to explore the connection between the dynamics and the static in a prototypical model of glass transition, i.e. the mean-field p-spin spherical model. This model was introduced more than 30 years ago with the purpose of offering a simplified model that had the same equilibrium dynamical slowing down, theoretically described a few years earlier by mode-coupling theory. Over the years, the p-spin spherical model has shown to be a very meaningful and promising model, capable of describing many equilibrium and out-of-equilibrium aspects of glasses. Eventually it came to be considered as a prototypical model of glassiness. Having such a simple but rich reference model allows a coherent examination of a subject, in our case the glass behavior, which presents a very intricate phenomenology. Thus, the main purpose is not to have a quantitative prediction of the phenomena, but rather a broader view with a strong analytical basis. In this sense the p-spin model has assumed a role for disordered systems which is comparable to that of the Ising model for understanding ferromagnetism. My research is a natural path to reinforce our knowledge and comprehension of this model. In the first chapter, we provide a general introduction to supercooled liquids and their phenomenology. The introduction is brief, and the main goal is to give a general overview, mainly from the point of view of the Random First Order Transition, while considering other perspectives on the subject and attempting to provide a ‘fair' starting bibliography to whomever wants to study supercooled liquids. The last section focuses on the Potential Energy Landscape paradigm (PEL), which in my view, gives a very solid modelization of glassy phenomenology, and shares many aspects with mean-field analysis. In the second chapter, the p-spin spherical model is presented in details. The equilibrium analysis is performed with the replica formalism, with a focus on the ultrametric structure. Then, different tools to study its free energy landscape are introduced: the TAP approach, the Franz-Parisi potential and the Monasson method. These three different ways of selecting states are carefully contrasted and their analogies and differences are underlined, in particular highlighting the different behavior played by pure and mixed p-spin models. Then the equilibrium dynamics is discussed, and a selection of classical results on the dynamical slowing down are analyzed by numerical integration. To conclude, the out-of-equilibrium dynamics in the two temperature protocol is analyzed. This shows two different regimes, the state following and the aging. For both, an asymptotic analysis and a numerical integration are performed and compared. A strong emphasis is given to the possibility of describing the asymptotic dynamics with a static potential. The third chapter presents all the new results that emerged during my research. The study focuses on the two temperature protocol, starting in equilibrium and setting the second temperature to zero, which corresponds to a gradient descent dynamics. This protocol is especially interesting because it corresponds to the search of inherent structure of the energy landscape. The integrated dynamics, depending on the starting temperature, shows three different regimes, one that corresponds to a new phase, which shows aging together with memory of the initial condition. This new phase is not present in pure p-spin models, only in mixed ones. In order to theoretically describe this new phase, a constrained analysis of the stationary points of the energy landscape is performed. A numerical simulation of the system is also presented to confirm this new scenario.; L'objectif principal de ma thèse est d’explorer le lien entre la dynamique et la statique dans un modèle prototypique de transition vitreuse, i.e. le modèle à champ moyen du p-spin sphérique. Ce modèle a été introduit il y a plus de 30 ans dans le but d’offrir un modèle simplifié ayant, à l'équilibre, le même ralentissement dynamique décrit théoriquement quelques années plus tôt par la théorie des modes couplés. Au fil des ans, le modèle du p-spin sphérique s’est révélé être un modèle très significatif et prometteur, capable de décrire de nombreux aspects d’équilibre et hors équilibre des verres. Avoir un tel modèle de référence simple mais riche permet un examen cohérent d’un sujet, dans notre cas le comportement du verre qui présente une phénoménologie très complexe. Ainsi, le but principal n’est pas d’avoir une prédiction quantitative des phénomènes, mais plutôt une vue plus large avec une forte base analytique. En ce sens, le modèle du p-spin a assumé un rôle pour les systèmes désordonnés qui est comparable à celui du modèle Ising pour comprendre le ferromagnétisme. Ma recherche est une voie naturelle pour renforcer notre connaissance et notre compréhension de ce modèle. Dans le premier chapitre, nous donnons une introduction générale aux liquides surfondus et leur phénoménologie. L’introduction est brève, et l’objectif principal est de donner un aperçu général, principalement du point de vue de la transition aléatoire du premier ordre, tout en tenant compte d’autres points de vue sur le sujet et en essayant de fournir une « bonne » bibliographie de départ à quiconque veut étudier les liquides surfondus. La dernière section se concentre sur le paradigme du surface d'énergie potentielle (PEL), qui, à mon avis, donne une modélisation très solide de la phénoménologie vitreuse, et partage de nombreux aspects avec l’analyse du champ moyen. Dans le deuxième chapitre, le modèle du p-spin sphérique est présenté en détail. L’analyse d’équilibre est réalisée avec le formalisme des répliques, avec un accent sur la structure ultramétrique. Ensuite, différents outils pour étudier son paysage d’énergie libre sont présentés: l’approche TAP, le potentiel de Franz-Parisi et la méthode de Monasson. Ces trois manières différentes de sélectionner les états sont soigneusement contrastées et leurs analogies et différences sont soulignées, en particulier le comportement différent joué par les modèles du p-spin purs et mixtes. Ensuite, la dynamique d’équilibre est discutée, et une sélection de résultats classiques sur le ralentissement dynamique sont analysés par intégration numérique. Pour conclure, la dynamique hors équilibre dans le protocole à deux températures est analysée. Cela montre deux régimes différents, des états suivables et du vieillissement. Pour les deux, une analyse asymptotique et une intégration numérique sont effectuées et comparées. L’accent est mis sur la possibilité de décrire la dynamique asymptotique avec un potentiel statique. Le troisième chapitre présente tous les nouveaux résultats qui ont émergé au cours de mes recherches. L’étude se concentre sur le protocole à deux températures, commençant à l’équilibre et fixant la deuxième température à zéro, ce qui correspond à une dynamique de descente du gradient. Ce protocole est particulièrement intéressant car il correspond à la recherche de la structure inhérente du paysage énergétique. La dynamique intégrée, en fonction de la température de départ, montre trois régimes différents. Une de ceux-ci corresponde à une nouvelle phase, qui présente le vieillissement avec la mémoire de la condition initiale. Cette nouvelle phase n’est pas présente dans les modèles du p-spin pure, seulement dans les modèles mixtes. Afin de décrire théoriquement cette nouvelle phase, une analyse des points stationnaires du paysage énergétique est effectuée. Une simulation numérique du système est également présentée pour confirmer ce nouveau scénario. more...
- Published
- 2020
36. The mixed p-spin model : selecting, following and losing states
- Author
-
Folena, Giampaolo, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Dipartimento di Fisica [Roma La Sapienza], Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Université Paris-Saclay, Università degli studi La Sapienza (Rome), Silvio Franz, and Federico Ricci-Tersenghi more...
- Subjects
Verres de spin ,Disordered systems ,Mean field ,Spin glasses ,Champ moyen ,[PHYS.COND.CM-DS-NN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Disordered Systems and Neural Networks [cond-mat.dis-nn] ,Systèmes désordonnés ,Dynamique hors équilibre ,Out of equilibrium dynamics - Abstract
The main driving notion behind my thesis research is to explore the connection between the dynamics and the static in a prototypical model of glass transition, i.e. the mean-field p-spin spherical model. This model was introduced more than 30 years ago with the purpose of offering a simplified model that had the same equilibrium dynamical slowing down, theoretically described a few years earlier by mode-coupling theory. Over the years, the p-spin spherical model has shown to be a very meaningful and promising model, capable of describing many equilibrium and out-of-equilibrium aspects of glasses. Eventually it came to be considered as a prototypical model of glassiness. Having such a simple but rich reference model allows a coherent examination of a subject, in our case the glass behavior, which presents a very intricate phenomenology. Thus, the main purpose is not to have a quantitative prediction of the phenomena, but rather a broader view with a strong analytical basis. In this sense the p-spin model has assumed a role for disordered systems which is comparable to that of the Ising model for understanding ferromagnetism. My research is a natural path to reinforce our knowledge and comprehension of this model. In the first chapter, we provide a general introduction to supercooled liquids and their phenomenology. The introduction is brief, and the main goal is to give a general overview, mainly from the point of view of the Random First Order Transition, while considering other perspectives on the subject and attempting to provide a ‘fair' starting bibliography to whomever wants to study supercooled liquids. The last section focuses on the Potential Energy Landscape paradigm (PEL), which in my view, gives a very solid modelization of glassy phenomenology, and shares many aspects with mean-field analysis. In the second chapter, the p-spin spherical model is presented in details. The equilibrium analysis is performed with the replica formalism, with a focus on the ultrametric structure. Then, different tools to study its free energy landscape are introduced: the TAP approach, the Franz-Parisi potential and the Monasson method. These three different ways of selecting states are carefully contrasted and their analogies and differences are underlined, in particular highlighting the different behavior played by pure and mixed p-spin models. Then the equilibrium dynamics is discussed, and a selection of classical results on the dynamical slowing down are analyzed by numerical integration. To conclude, the out-of-equilibrium dynamics in the two temperature protocol is analyzed. This shows two different regimes, the state following and the aging. For both, an asymptotic analysis and a numerical integration are performed and compared. A strong emphasis is given to the possibility of describing the asymptotic dynamics with a static potential. The third chapter presents all the new results that emerged during my research. The study focuses on the two temperature protocol, starting in equilibrium and setting the second temperature to zero, which corresponds to a gradient descent dynamics. This protocol is especially interesting because it corresponds to the search of inherent structure of the energy landscape. The integrated dynamics, depending on the starting temperature, shows three different regimes, one that corresponds to a new phase, which shows aging together with memory of the initial condition. This new phase is not present in pure p-spin models, only in mixed ones. In order to theoretically describe this new phase, a constrained analysis of the stationary points of the energy landscape is performed. A numerical simulation of the system is also presented to confirm this new scenario.; L'objectif principal de ma thèse est d’explorer le lien entre la dynamique et la statique dans un modèle prototypique de transition vitreuse, i.e. le modèle à champ moyen du p-spin sphérique. Ce modèle a été introduit il y a plus de 30 ans dans le but d’offrir un modèle simplifié ayant, à l'équilibre, le même ralentissement dynamique décrit théoriquement quelques années plus tôt par la théorie des modes couplés. Au fil des ans, le modèle du p-spin sphérique s’est révélé être un modèle très significatif et prometteur, capable de décrire de nombreux aspects d’équilibre et hors équilibre des verres. Avoir un tel modèle de référence simple mais riche permet un examen cohérent d’un sujet, dans notre cas le comportement du verre qui présente une phénoménologie très complexe. Ainsi, le but principal n’est pas d’avoir une prédiction quantitative des phénomènes, mais plutôt une vue plus large avec une forte base analytique. En ce sens, le modèle du p-spin a assumé un rôle pour les systèmes désordonnés qui est comparable à celui du modèle Ising pour comprendre le ferromagnétisme. Ma recherche est une voie naturelle pour renforcer notre connaissance et notre compréhension de ce modèle. Dans le premier chapitre, nous donnons une introduction générale aux liquides surfondus et leur phénoménologie. L’introduction est brève, et l’objectif principal est de donner un aperçu général, principalement du point de vue de la transition aléatoire du premier ordre, tout en tenant compte d’autres points de vue sur le sujet et en essayant de fournir une « bonne » bibliographie de départ à quiconque veut étudier les liquides surfondus. La dernière section se concentre sur le paradigme du surface d'énergie potentielle (PEL), qui, à mon avis, donne une modélisation très solide de la phénoménologie vitreuse, et partage de nombreux aspects avec l’analyse du champ moyen. Dans le deuxième chapitre, le modèle du p-spin sphérique est présenté en détail. L’analyse d’équilibre est réalisée avec le formalisme des répliques, avec un accent sur la structure ultramétrique. Ensuite, différents outils pour étudier son paysage d’énergie libre sont présentés: l’approche TAP, le potentiel de Franz-Parisi et la méthode de Monasson. Ces trois manières différentes de sélectionner les états sont soigneusement contrastées et leurs analogies et différences sont soulignées, en particulier le comportement différent joué par les modèles du p-spin purs et mixtes. Ensuite, la dynamique d’équilibre est discutée, et une sélection de résultats classiques sur le ralentissement dynamique sont analysés par intégration numérique. Pour conclure, la dynamique hors équilibre dans le protocole à deux températures est analysée. Cela montre deux régimes différents, des états suivables et du vieillissement. Pour les deux, une analyse asymptotique et une intégration numérique sont effectuées et comparées. L’accent est mis sur la possibilité de décrire la dynamique asymptotique avec un potentiel statique. Le troisième chapitre présente tous les nouveaux résultats qui ont émergé au cours de mes recherches. L’étude se concentre sur le protocole à deux températures, commençant à l’équilibre et fixant la deuxième température à zéro, ce qui correspond à une dynamique de descente du gradient. Ce protocole est particulièrement intéressant car il correspond à la recherche de la structure inhérente du paysage énergétique. La dynamique intégrée, en fonction de la température de départ, montre trois régimes différents. Une de ceux-ci corresponde à une nouvelle phase, qui présente le vieillissement avec la mémoire de la condition initiale. Cette nouvelle phase n’est pas présente dans les modèles du p-spin pure, seulement dans les modèles mixtes. Afin de décrire théoriquement cette nouvelle phase, une analyse des points stationnaires du paysage énergétique est effectuée. Une simulation numérique du système est également présentée pour confirmer ce nouveau scénario. more...
- Published
- 2020
37. Reflection symmetry in mean-field replica-symmetric spin glasses
- Author
-
Gribova, N.V., Ryzhov, V.N., Schelkacheva, T.I., and Tareyeva, E.E.
- Subjects
- *
OPTICAL reflection , *OPTICS , *SPIN glasses , *SOLID state physics - Abstract
The role of reflection symmetry for the character of the appearance of replica-symmetric spin glass state is investigated. It is shown that if in the pure system the transition to the ordered phase is of the second order, then in the corresponding random system the glass regime appears as a result of a phase transition; if the transition in the pure system is of the first order, then in the random system the replica-symmetric glass order parameter grows continuously on cooling; the transition to a nonergodic low-temperature phase is associated with replica symmetry breaking. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] more...
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. A Self-Consistent Ornstein–Zernike Approximation for the Edwards–Anderson Spin-Glass Model.
- Author
-
Kierlik, E., Rosinberg, M., and Tarjus, G.
- Abstract
We propose a self-consistent Ornstein–Zernike approximation for studying the Edwards–Anderson spin glass model. By performing two Legendre transforms in replica space, we introduce a Gibbs free energy depending on both the magnetizations and the overlap order parameters. The correlation functions and the thermodynamics are then obtained from the solution of a set of coupled partial differential equations. The approximation becomes exact in the limit of infinite dimension and it provides a potential route for studying the stability of the high-temperature phase against replica-symmetry breaking fluctuations in finite dimensions. As a first step, we present the predictions for the freezing temperature T
f and for the zero-field thermodynamic properties and correlation length above Tf as a function of dimensionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. An experiment-oriented analysis of 2D spin-glass dynamics: a twelve time-decades scaling study
- Author
-
Juan J. Ruiz-Lorenzo, Victor Martin-Mayor, L. A. Fernandez, Enzo Marinari, and Giorgio Parisi
- Subjects
Statistics and Probability ,spin glasses ,Spin glass ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Physics and Astronomy ,01 natural sciences ,Condensed Matter::Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,numerical simulations ,Critical point (thermodynamics) ,disordered systems ,0103 physical sciences ,Side product ,Ising spin ,Statistical physics ,out-of-equilibrium dynamics ,010306 general physics ,Scaling ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ,Mathematical Physics ,Physics ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,Física ,Statistical and Nonlinear Physics ,Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn) ,Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,Universality (dynamical systems) ,Modeling and Simulation ,Picosecond ,Equilibrium behavior - Abstract
Recent high precision experimental results on spin-glass films ask for a detailed understanding of the domain-growth dynamics of two-dimensional spin glasses. To achieve this goal, we numerically simulate the out-equilibrium dynamics of the Ising spin glass for a time that spans close to twelve orders of magnitude (from picoseconds to order of a second), in systems large enough to avoid finite-size effects. We find that the time-growth of the size of the glassy domains is excellently described by a single scaling function. A single time-scale $\tau(T)$ controls the dynamics. $\tau(T)$ diverges upon approaching the $T=0$ critical point. The divergence of $\tau(T\to 0)$ is Arrhenius-like, with a barrier height that depends very mildly on temperature. The growth of this barrier-height is best described by critical dynamics. As a side product we obtain an impressive confirmation of universality of the equilibrium behavior of two-dimensional spin-glasses., Comment: 21 pages, 9 figures. Updated references. Added DOI and Journal ref more...
- Published
- 2019
40. Physique statistique des modèles épars et denses en optimisation et inférence
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Schmidt, Hinnerk Christian, Institut de Physique Théorique - UMR CNRS 3681 (IPHT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Lenka Zdeborová, and STAR, ABES more...
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Verres de spin ,Disordered systems ,Constraint satisfaction problems ,Spin glasses ,Bayesian inference ,[PHYS.COND.CM-DS-NN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Disordered Systems and Neural Networks [cond-mat.dis-nn] ,Graphe aléatoire ,Systèmes désordonnés ,Inférence bayésienne ,[PHYS.COND.CM-DS-NN] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Disordered Systems and Neural Networks [cond-mat.dis-nn] ,Random graphs ,Problème de satisfaction de contraintes - Abstract
Datasets come in a variety of forms and from a broad range of different applications. Typically, the observed data is noisy or in some other way subject to randomness. The recent developments in machine learning have revived the need for exact theoretical limits of probabilistic methods that recover information from noisy data. In this thesis we are concerned with the following two questions: what is the asymptotically best achievable performance? And how can this performance be achieved, i.e., what is the optimal algorithmic strategy? The answer depends on the properties of the data. The problems in this thesis can all be represented as probabilistic graphical models. The generative process of the data determines the structure of the underlying graphical model. The structures considered here are either sparse random graphs or dense (fully connected) models. The above questions can be studied in a probabilistic framework, which leads to an average (or typical) case answer. Such a probabilistic formulation is natural to statistical physics and leads to a formal analogy with problems in disordered systems. In turn, this permits to harvest the methods developed in the study of disordered systems, to attack constraint satisfaction and statistical inference problems. The formal analogy can be exploited as follows. The optimal performance analysis is directly related to the structure of the extrema of the macroscopic free energy. The algorithmic aspects follow from the minimization of the microscopic free energy (that is, the Bethe free energy in this work) which is closely related to message passing algorithms. This thesis is divided into four contributions. First, a statistical physics investigation of the circular coloring problem is carried out that reveals several distinct features. Second, new rigorous upper bounds on the size of minimal contagious sets in random graphs, with bounded maximum degree, are obtained. Third, the phase diagram of the dense Dawid-Skene model is derived by mapping the problem onto low-rank matrix factorization. The associated approximate message passing algorithm is evaluated on real-world data. Finally, the Bayes optimal denoising mean square error is derived for a restricted class of extensive rank matrix estimation problems., Une donnée peut avoir diverses formes et peut provenir d'un large panel d'applications. Habituellement, une donnée possède beaucoup de bruit et peut être soumise aux effets du hasard. Les récents progrès en apprentissage automatique ont relancé les recherches théoriques sur les limites des différentes méthodes probabilistes de traitement du signal. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons aux questions suivantes : quelle est la meilleure performance possible atteignable ? Et comment peut-elle être atteinte, i.e., quelle est la stratégie algorithmique optimale ?La réponse dépend de la forme des données. Les sujets traités dans cette thèse peuvent tous être représentés par des modèles graphiques. Les propriétés des données déterminent la structure intrinsèque du modèle graphique correspondant. Les structures considérées ici sont soit éparses, soit denses. Les questions précédentes peuvent être étudiées dans un cadre probabiliste, qui permet d'apporter des réponses typiques. Un tel cadre est naturel en physique statistique et crée une analogie formelle avec la physique des systèmes désordonnés. En retour, cela permet l'utilisation d'outils spécifiques à ce domaine et de résoudre des problèmes de satisfaction de contraintes et d'inférence statistique. La problématique de performance optimale est directement reliée à la structure des extrema de la fonction d'énergie libre macroscopique, tandis que les aspects algorithmiques proviennent eux de la minimisation de la fonction d'énergie libre microscopique (c'est-à-dire, dans la forme de Bethe).Cette thèse est divisée en quatre parties. Premièrement, nous aborderons par une approche de physique statistique le problème de la coloration de graphes aléatoires et mettrons en évidence un certain nombre de caractéristiques. Dans un second temps, nous calculerons une nouvelle limite supérieure de la taille de l'ensemble contagieux. Troisièmement, nous calculerons le diagramme de phase du modèle de Dawid et Skene dans la région dense en modélisant le problème par une factorisation matricielle de petit rang. Enfin, nous calculerons l'erreur optimale de Bayes pour une classe restreinte de l'estimation matricielle de rang élevé. more...
- Published
- 2018
41. Aging Rate of Spin Glasses from Simulations Matches Experiments
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Janus Collaboration, Baity-Jesi, M., Calore, E., Cruz, A., Fernandez, L. A., Gil-Narvion, J. M., Gordillo-Guerrero, A., Iñiguez, D., Maiorano, A., Marinari, E., Martin-Mayor, V., Moreno-Gordo, J., Muñoz-Sudupe, A., Navarro, D., Parisi, G., Perez-Gaviro, S., Ricci-Tersenghi, F., Ruiz-Lorenzo, J. J., Schifano, S. F., Seoane, B., Tarancon, A., Tripiccione, R., and Yllanes, D. more...
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spin glasses ,numerical simulations ,disordered systems ,Física-Modelos matemáticos ,Spin glass ,glass models ,Crossover ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Fixed point ,spin glass ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,NO ,0103 physical sciences ,Ising model ,Janus ,010306 general physics ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ,Physics ,spin glass, Ising model, glass models ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,Condensed matter physics ,Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn) ,Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,Exponent ,Value (mathematics) - Abstract
Experiments on spin glasses can now make precise measurements of the exponent $z(T)$ governing the growth of glassy domains, while our computational capabilities allow us to make quantitative predictions for experimental scales. However, experimental and numerical values for $z(T)$ have differed. We use new simulations on the Janus II computer to resolve this discrepancy, finding a time-dependent $z(T, t_w)$, which leads to the experimental value through mild extrapolations. Furthermore, theoretical insight is gained by studying a crossover between the $T = T_c$ and $T = 0$ fixed points., Version accepted for publication in PRL. 12 pages, 9 figures more...
- Published
- 2018
42. Loop expansion around the Bethe approximation through the M -layer construction
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Federico Ricci-Tersenghi, Tommaso Rizzo, Carlo Lucibello, Maria Chiara Angelini, Ada Altieri, Giorgio Parisi, Department of Physics [Roma La Sapienza], Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Roma I, Soft and Living Matter Laboratory (S.Li.M. Lab), CNR Istituto di Nanotecnologia (NANOTEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Sapienza Universit'a di Roma and Sezione INFN, Dipartimento di Fisica and INFM, Dipartimento di Fisica [Roma La Sapienza], Institute for Complex Systems [Rome] (CNR - ISC), and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR) more...
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CAVITY AND REPLICA METHOD, CLASSICAL PHASE TRANSITIONS, SPIN GLASSES ,Statistics and Probability ,spin glasses ,FOS: Physical sciences ,cavity and replica method ,classical phase transitions ,Statistical and Nonlinear Physics ,Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty ,01 natural sciences ,loop expansion ,critical properties ,disordered systems ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,symbols.namesake ,0103 physical sciences ,Feynman diagram ,010306 general physics ,Mathematics ,Mathematical physics ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Bethe lattice ,Statistics ,Propagator ,Graph theory ,Observable ,Bethe approximation ,Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn) ,critical phenomena ,Renormalization group ,Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,Mean field theory ,symbols ,Probability and Uncertainty ,Critical exponent - Abstract
For every physical model defined on a generic graph or factor graph, the Bethe M -layer construction allows building a different model for which the Bethe approximation is exact in the large M limit, and coincides with the original model for ##IMG## [http://ej.iop.org/images/1742-5468/2017/11/113303/jstataa8c3cieqn001.gif] $M=1$ . The ##IMG## [http://ej.iop.org/images/1742-5468/2017/11/113303/jstataa8c3cieqn002.gif] $1/M$ perturbative series is then expressed by a diagrammatic loop expansion in terms of so-called fat diagrams. Our motivation is to study some important second-order phase transitions that do exist on the Bethe lattice, but are either qualitatively different or absent in the corresponding fully connected case. In this case, the standard approach based on a perturbative expansion around the naive mean field theory (essentially a fully connected model) fails. On physical grounds, we expect that when the construction is applied to a lattice in finite dimension there is a small region of the external parameters, close to the Bethe critical point, where strong deviations from mean-field behavior will be observed. In this region, the ##IMG## [http://ej.iop.org/images/1742-5468/2017/11/113303/jstataa8c3cieqn003.gif] $1/M$ expansion for the corrections diverges, and can be the starting point for determining the correct non-mean-field critical exponents using renormalization group arguments. In the end, we will show that the critical series for the generic observable can be expressed as a sum of Feynman diagrams with the same numerical prefactors of field theories. However, the contribution of a given diagram is not evaluated by associating Gaussian propagators to its lines, as in field theories: one has to consider the graph as a portion of the original lattice, replacing the internal lines with appropriate one-dimensional chains, and attaching to the internal points the appropriate number of infinite-size Bethe trees to restore the correct local connectivity of the original model. The actual contribution of each (fat) diagram is the so-called line-connected observable, which also includes contributions from sub-diagrams with appropriate prefactors. In order to compute the corrections near to the critical point, Feynman diagrams (with their symmetry factors) can be read directly from the appropriate field-theoretical literature; the computation of momentum integrals is also quite similar; the extra work consists of computing the line-connected observable of the associated fat diagram in the limit of all lines becoming infinitely long. more...
- Published
- 2017
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43. Path integral methods for the dynamics of stochastic and disordered systems
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John Hertz, Peter Sollich, and Yasser Roudi
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Statistics and Probability ,spin glasses ,Spin glass ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,Dynamics (mechanics) ,General Physics and Astronomy ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Statistical and Nonlinear Physics ,dynamics ,Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn) ,Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,01 natural sciences ,Noise (electronics) ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,path integral methods ,Modeling and Simulation ,disordered systems ,0103 physical sciences ,Path integral formulation ,Thermal ,Statistical physics ,010306 general physics ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ,Mathematical Physics - Abstract
We review some of the techniques used to study the dynamics of disordered systems subject to both quenched and fast (thermal) noise. Starting from the Martin-Siggia-Rose path integral formalism for a single variable stochastic dynamics, we provide a pedagogical survey of the perturbative, i.e. diagrammatic, approach to dynamics and how this formalism can be used for studying soft spin models. We review the supersymmetric formulation of the Langevin dynamics of these models and discuss the physical implications of the supersymmetry. We also describe the key steps involved in studying the disorder-averaged dynamics. Finally, we discuss the path integral approach for the case of hard Ising spins and review some recent developments in the dynamics of such kinetic Ising models., Comment: review article, 37 pages more...
- Published
- 2017
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44. Spin Glasses in a Field Show a Phase Transition Varying the Distance among Real Replicas (And How to Exploit It to Find the Critical Line in a Field).
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Dilucca, Maddalena, Leuzzi, Luca, Parisi, Giorgio, Ricci-Tersenghi, Federico, and Ruiz-Lorenzo, Juan J.
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MEAN field theory ,SPIN glasses ,BINOCULARS ,PHASE transitions ,CRITICAL temperature ,MONTE Carlo method - Abstract
We discuss a phase transition in spin glass models that have been rarely considered in the past, namely, the phase transition that may take place when two real replicas are forced to be at a larger distance (i.e., at a smaller overlap) than the typical one. In the first part of the work, by solving analytically the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model in a field close to its critical point, we show that, even in a paramagnetic phase, the forcing of two real replicas to an overlap small enough leads the model to a phase transition where the symmetry between replicas is spontaneously broken. More importantly, this phase transition is related to the de Almeida-Thouless (dAT) critical line. In the second part of the work, we exploit the phase transition in the overlap between two real replicas to identify the critical line in a field in finite dimensional spin glasses. This is a notoriously difficult computational problem, because of considerable finite size corrections. We introduce a new method of analysis of Monte Carlo data for disordered systems, where the overlap between two real replicas is used as a conditioning variate. We apply this analysis to equilibrium measurements collected in the paramagnetic phase in a field, h > 0 and T c (h) < T < T c (h = 0) , of the d = 1 spin glass model with long range interactions decaying fast enough to be outside the regime of validity of the mean field theory. We thus provide very reliable estimates for the thermodynamic critical temperature in a field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2020
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45. Transport quantique dans les verres de spins
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Forestier, Guillaume, STAR, ABES, Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Université Grenoble Alpes, and Laurent Saminadayar more...
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Physique Mésoscopique ,Verres de Spins ,Transport Electronique ,Spin Glasses ,Système Hors Equilibre ,Electron Transport ,Out Of Equilibrium System ,Metalic Nanostructure ,Systèmes Désordonnés ,Nanostructures Métalliques ,Disordered Systems ,[PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat] ,Mesoscopic Physics ,[PHYS.COND] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat] - Abstract
The experiments presented in this thesis associate two fields of condensed matter physic, on the one hand with the spin glass physic and the other hand with the mesoscopic physic. The spin glass state is one of the most emblematic of disordered and frustred system and at low temperature, it is caracterized by an unconventionel order where the magnetic disorder is quenched. Moroever, it is considered as a model system for glasses in general and thereby it has been extensively studied, both experimentally and theoreticlly. After extensive research efforts, the description of fundamental state of the system has lead towards two well different approaches. The first, given by the mean field solution, highlights a fundamental composed of mulitple states organised and hierarchical. The second, called droplet model is based on the off--equilibrium dynamic of a unique ground state. However, despite these contributions, the understanding ot this phase is far from being complete and the nature of the ground state still remains an open question. In a mesoscopic conductor, the transport of electron is coherent: electrons keep the memory of their phase, so that one can observe interference effects. The main motivation of this work is to use these interference effects in order to to probe the spin glass state. Indeed, as electronic interference depends of the position of the static disorder, coherent transport can be a useful tool to study the configuration of the microscopic disorder. Althought few coherent transport experiments exist to probe the spin glass, this field of research has very little explored. Nevertheless, this area has been a revival thanks to theoritical work, showing how coherent transport is sensitived to the quenched disorder and how it may provide informations of the nature of fundamental state of spin glass. So, this experimental work deals with the implementation of transport measurements in mesoscopic spin glasses. The first part of the study is focused on the general charateristics of classical and quatum transport of these system. We have examined the resistivity as a function of the temperature and magnetic field and we show that these mesoscopic systems have a spin glass-like behaviour. In a second part, we have focused on the low field magnetoresistivity. We show that it presents a strong hysteresis, whose the amplitude is strongly depends, both of the temperature in the glassy phase and sweeping rate of the magnetic field. We argue that this particular behaviour is related to the out off-equilibrium of the system and we show how the temperature and the sweeping rate control the deviation to the equilibrium. In this part, we also examine by transport measurements how the system relaxes towards the equilibrium just after its excitation. In addition, we present surprinsing transport propreties that we observed, resulting of experimental protocols more sophisticated in temperatures and magnetic fields., Les travaux expérimentaux présentés dans cette thèse associent deux pans de la physique de la matière condensée, avec d'un côté la physique des verres de spins et de l'autre la physique mésoscopique. Le verre de spins est un exemple emblématique de système désordonné et frustré, il se caractérise à basse température par un ordre magnétique non conventionnel, où le désordre magnétique apparaît gelé. De plus, celui-ci est considéré comme un système modèle pour étudier les verres en général et de ce fait, il a fait l'objet de nombreuses études expérimentales et théoriques. Après d'importants efforts de recherche, la description de l'état fondamental de ce système a abouti à deux approches très différentes. La première, donnée par la résolution non triviale du problème en champ moyen, met en avant un état fondamental composé d'une multitude d'états organisés et hiérarchisés. La deuxième approche, dite des "gouttelettes", se base quant à elle sur la dynamique hors équilibre d'un unique état. Cependant, en dépit de ces contributions, la compréhension de cette phase est loin d'être complète et la nature de l'état fondamental reste encore un débat ouvert. Dans un conducteur mésoscopique, le transport se fait de manière cohérente : les électrons gardent la mémoire de leur phase, ce qui permet d'observer des effets d'interférences électroniques. La motivation à la base de ce travail est d'utiliser ces effets d'interférences comme outil pour étudier le verre de spins. En effet, étant donné que les interférences électroniques dépendent intiment de la disposition du désordre statique du conducteur, le transport cohérent peut se révéler être une sonde microscopique très efficace pour étudier la configuration du désordre dans un conducteur. Bien que quelques expériences pionnières de transport cohérent existent dans des verres de spins, ce domaine de recherche n'a que très peu été exploré. Néanmoins, il a connu un récent renouveau grâce à des travaux théoriques qui montrent de quelle manière cette sonde est sensible au désordre magnétique gelé et comment elle peut fournir des informations sur la nature de l'état fondamental du verre de spins. Ainsi, ce travail de thèse expérimental présente l'implémentation de mesure de transport dans des verres de spins mésoscopiques. La première partie de l'étude est consacrée aux caractéristiques générales de transport classique et quantique de ces systèmes. Nous avons examiné les propriétés de la résistivité en fonction de la température et du champ magnétique et nous montrons que ces systèmes mésoscopiques possèdent bien des comportements attendus pour des verres de spins. Dans une deuxième partie, nous nous sommes intéressés au comportement de la magnétorésistance à bas. Nous avons mis en avant que celle-ci présente une forte hystérésis dont l'amplitude dépend fortement, de la température dans la phase vitreuse et de la vitesse de balayage du champ magnétique. Nous avons argumenté que ce comportement particulier traduit la mise hors équilibre du système et montrons comment la température et la vitesse de balayage du champ magnétique pilotent l'écart à l'équilibre. Dans cette partie, nous avons aussi examiné par des mesures de transport la relaxation du système vers l'équilibre, après l'avoir excité. Nous présentons également les propriétés de transport étonnantes que nous avons observées à bas champ, résultant de protocoles en températures et en champs magnétiques plus complexes. more...
- Published
- 2015
46. Finite size corrections in the random energy model and the replica approach
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Bernard Derrida, P. Mottishaw, Chaire Physique statistique, and Collège de France (CdF (institution))
- Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Statistics and Probability ,Physics ,spin glasses ,replica method ,Series (mathematics) ,Replica ,Random energy model ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Statistical and Nonlinear Physics ,Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn) ,Partition function (mathematics) ,Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,Condensed Matter::Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,Symmetry (physics) ,disordered systems ,Saddle point ,Symmetry breaking ,Statistical physics ,Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty ,Ansatz - Abstract
We present a systematic and exact way of computing finite size corrections for the random energy model, in its low temperature phase. We obtain explicit (though complicated) expressions for the finite size corrections of the overlap functions. In its low temperature phase, the random energy model is known to exhibit Parisi's broken symmetry of replicas. The finite size corrections given by our exact calculation can be reproduced using replicas if we make specific assumptions about the fluctuations (with negative variances!) of the number and sizes of the blocks when replica symmetry is broken. As an alternative we show that the exact expression for the non-integer moments of the partition function can be written in terms of coupled contour integrals over what can be thought of as "complex replica numbers". Parisi's one step replica symmetry breaking arises naturally from the saddle point of these integrals without making any ansatz or using the replica method. The fluctuations of the "complex replica numbers" near the saddle point in the imaginary direction correspond to the negative variances we observed in the replica calculation. Finally, our approach allows one to see why some apparently diverging series or integrals are harmless., 23 pages, 1 figure, revised version 11 December 2014 more...
- Published
- 2014
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47. From Spin Glasses to Negative-Weight Percolation.
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Hartmann, Alexander K., Melchert, Oliver, and Norrenbrock, Christoph
- Subjects
- *
SPIN glasses , *PERCOLATION , *PHASE transitions , *DOMAIN walls (Ferromagnetism) , *GRAPH theory - Abstract
Spin glasses are prototypical random systems modelling magnetic alloys. One important way to investigate spin glass models is to study domain walls. For two dimensions, this can be algorithmically understood as the calculation of a shortest path, which allows for negative distances or weights. This led to the creation of the negative weight percolation (NWP) model, which is presented here along with all necessary basics from spin glasses, graph theory and corresponding algorithms. The algorithmic approach involves a mapping to the classical matching problem for graphs. In addition, a summary of results is given, which were obtained during the past decade. This includes the study of percolation transitions in dimension from d = 2 up to and beyond the upper critical dimension d u = 6 , also for random graphs. It is shown that NWP is in a different universality class than standard percolation. Furthermore, the question of whether NWP exhibits properties of Stochastic–Loewner Evolution is addressed and recent results for directed NWP are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2019
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48. Inférence inverse dans le modèle Ising asymétrique
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Sakellariou, Jason, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, and Marc Mézard more...
- Subjects
Modèles graphiques ,Information theory ,Inverse Ising problem ,Problème d'Ising inverse ,Complex networks ,Statistical Inference ,Gene regulatory networks ,Inférence statistique ,Interactions asymétriques ,Spin glasses ,Réseaux complexes ,Physique statistique ,Réseaux de neurones ,Asymmetric interactions ,Théorie de l'information ,Modèle d'Ising cinétique ,Biological networks ,Réseaux de régulation de gènes ,Réseaux biologiques ,Verres de spin ,Disordered systems ,[PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other] ,Kinetic Ising model ,Statistical physics ,Graphical models ,Systèmes désordonnés ,Neural networks - Abstract
Recent experimental techniques in biology made possible the acquisition of overwhelming amounts of data concerning complex biological networks, such as neural networks, gene regulation networks and protein-protein interaction networks. These techniques are able to record states of individual components of such networks (neurons, genes, proteins) for a large number of configurations. However, the most biologically relevantinformation lies in their connectivity and in the way their components interact, information that these techniques aren't able to record directly. The aim of this thesis is to study statistical methods for inferring information about the connectivity of complex networks starting from experimental data. The subject is approached from a statistical physics point of view drawing from the arsenal of methods developed in the study of spin glasses. Spin-glasses are prototypes of networks of discrete variables interacting in a complex way and are widely used to model biological networks. After an introduction of the models used and a discussion on the biological motivation of the thesis, all known methods of network inference are introduced and analysed from the point of view of their performance. Then, in the third part of the thesis, a new method is proposed which relies in the remark that the interactions in biology are not necessarily symmetric (i.e. the interaction from node A to node B is not the same as the one from B to A). It is shown that this assumption leads to methods that are both exact and efficient. This means that the interactions can be computed exactly, given a sufficient amount of data, and in a reasonable amount of time. This is an important original contribution since no other method is known to be both exact and efficient.; Des techniques expérimentales récentes ont donné la possibilité d'acquérir un très grand nombre de données concernant des réseaux biologiques complexes, comme des réseaux de neurones, des réseaux de gènes et des réseaux d'interactions de protéines. Ces techniques sont capables d'enregistrer les états des composantes individuelles de ces réseaux (neurones, gènes, protéines) pour un grand nombre de configurations. Cependant, l'information la plus pertinente biologiquement se trouve dans la connectivité de ces systèmes et dans la façon précise avec laquelle ces composantes interagissent, information que les techniques expérimentales ne sont pas au point d'observer directement. Le bût de cette thèse est d'étudier les méthodes statistiques nécessaires pour inférer de l'information sur la connectivité des réseaux complexes en partant des données expérimentales. Ce sujet est traité par le point de vue de la physique statistique, en puisant de l'arsenal de méthodes théoriques qui ont été développées pour l'étude des verres de spins. Les verres de spins sont des exemples de réseaux à variables discrètes qui interagissent de façon complexe et sont souvent utilisés pour modéliser des réseaux biologiques. Après une introduction sur les modèles utilisés ainsi qu'une discussion sur la motivation biologique de cette thèse, toutes les méthodes d'inférence de réseaux connues sont présentées et analysées du point de vue de leur performance. Par la suite, dans la troisième partie de la thèse, un nouvelle méthode est proposée qui s'appuie sur la remarque que les interactions en biologie ne sont pas nécessairement symétriques (c'est-à-dire l'interaction entre les noeuds A et B n'est pas la même dans les deux directions). Il est démontré que cette assomption conduit à des méthodes qui sont capables de prédire les interactions de façon exacte, étant donné un nombre suffisant de données, tout en utilisant un temps de calcul polynomial. Ceci est un résultat original important car toutes les autres méthodes connues sont soit exactes et non-polynomiales soit inexactes et polynomiales. more...
- Published
- 2013
49. Mean-field disordered systems : glasses and optimization problems, classical and quantum
- Author
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Semerjian, Guilhem, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l'ENS [École Normale Supérieure] (LPTENS), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris - ENS Paris, Marc Mézard, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l'ENS (LPTENS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) more...
- Subjects
spin glasses ,constraint satisfaction ,calcul quantique ,quantum computing ,satisfaction de contraintes ,mécanique statistique ,optimisation combinatoire ,disordered systems ,verres de spin ,combinatorial optimization ,systèmes désordonnés ,statistical mechanics ,[PHYS.COND.CM-DS-NN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Disordered Systems and Neural Networks [cond-mat.dis-nn] ,[PHYS.COND.CM-SM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Statistical Mechanics [cond-mat.stat-mech] - Abstract
This manuscript present my research activities in the field of statistical mechanics of disordered systems, in particular mean-field models with finite connectivity. These models exhibit several phase transitions in the thermodynamic limit, with applications both for the physics of glasses and for their links with optimization problems from theoretical computer science. Their behavior under the effect of quantum fluctuations is also discussed, within the perspective of quantum computation.; Ce mémoire présente mes activités de recherche dans le domaine de la mécanique statistique des systèmes désordonnés, en particulier sur les modèles de champ moyen à connectivité finie. Ces modèles présentent de nombreuses transitions de phase dans la limite thermodynamique, avec des applications tant pour la physique des verres que pour leurs liens avec des problèmes d'optimisation de l'informatique théorique. Leur comportement sous l'effet de fluctuations quantiques est aussi discuté, en lien avec des perspectives de calcul quantique. more...
- Published
- 2013
50. Inverse inference in the asymmetric Ising model
- Author
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Sakellariou, Jason, STAR, ABES, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, and Marc Mézard more...
- Subjects
Modèles graphiques ,Information theory ,Inverse Ising problem ,Problème d'Ising inverse ,Complex networks ,Statistical Inference ,Gene regulatory networks ,Inférence statistique ,Interactions asymétriques ,[PHYS.COND.CM-GEN] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other] ,Spin glasses ,Physique statistique ,Réseaux complexes ,Réseaux de neurones ,Asymmetric interactions ,Théorie de l'information ,Modèle d'Ising cinétique ,Biological networks ,Réseaux de régulation de gènes ,Réseaux biologiques ,Verres de spin ,Disordered systems ,[PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other] ,Kinetic Ising model ,Statistical physics ,Graphical models ,Systèmes désordonnés ,Neural networks - Abstract
Recent experimental techniques in biology made possible the acquisition of overwhelming amounts of data concerning complex biological networks, such as neural networks, gene regulation networks and protein-protein interaction networks. These techniques are able to record states of individual components of such networks (neurons, genes, proteins) for a large number of configurations. However, the most biologically relevantinformation lies in their connectivity and in the way their components interact, information that these techniques aren't able to record directly. The aim of this thesis is to study statistical methods for inferring information about the connectivity of complex networks starting from experimental data. The subject is approached from a statistical physics point of view drawing from the arsenal of methods developed in the study of spin glasses. Spin-glasses are prototypes of networks of discrete variables interacting in a complex way and are widely used to model biological networks. After an introduction of the models used and a discussion on the biological motivation of the thesis, all known methods of network inference are introduced and analysed from the point of view of their performance. Then, in the third part of the thesis, a new method is proposed which relies in the remark that the interactions in biology are not necessarily symmetric (i.e. the interaction from node A to node B is not the same as the one from B to A). It is shown that this assumption leads to methods that are both exact and efficient. This means that the interactions can be computed exactly, given a sufficient amount of data, and in a reasonable amount of time. This is an important original contribution since no other method is known to be both exact and efficient., Des techniques expérimentales récentes ont donné la possibilité d'acquérir un très grand nombre de données concernant des réseaux biologiques complexes, comme des réseaux de neurones, des réseaux de gènes et des réseaux d'interactions de protéines. Ces techniques sont capables d'enregistrer les états des composantes individuelles de ces réseaux (neurones, gènes, protéines) pour un grand nombre de configurations. Cependant, l'information la plus pertinente biologiquement se trouve dans la connectivité de ces systèmes et dans la façon précise avec laquelle ces composantes interagissent, information que les techniques expérimentales ne sont pas au point d'observer directement. Le bût de cette thèse est d'étudier les méthodes statistiques nécessaires pour inférer de l'information sur la connectivité des réseaux complexes en partant des données expérimentales. Ce sujet est traité par le point de vue de la physique statistique, en puisant de l'arsenal de méthodes théoriques qui ont été développées pour l'étude des verres de spins. Les verres de spins sont des exemples de réseaux à variables discrètes qui interagissent de façon complexe et sont souvent utilisés pour modéliser des réseaux biologiques. Après une introduction sur les modèles utilisés ainsi qu'une discussion sur la motivation biologique de cette thèse, toutes les méthodes d'inférence de réseaux connues sont présentées et analysées du point de vue de leur performance. Par la suite, dans la troisième partie de la thèse, un nouvelle méthode est proposée qui s'appuie sur la remarque que les interactions en biologie ne sont pas nécessairement symétriques (c'est-à-dire l'interaction entre les noeuds A et B n'est pas la même dans les deux directions). Il est démontré que cette assomption conduit à des méthodes qui sont capables de prédire les interactions de façon exacte, étant donné un nombre suffisant de données, tout en utilisant un temps de calcul polynomial. Ceci est un résultat original important car toutes les autres méthodes connues sont soit exactes et non-polynomiales soit inexactes et polynomiales. more...
- Published
- 2013
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