1. Highly Effective Flame-Retardant Rigid Polyurethane Foams: Fabrication and Applications in Inhibition of Coal Combustion
- Author
-
Ye Yang, Yongqian Shi, Bin Yu, Rao Xiaohui, Fuqiang Yang, Benjamin Tawiah, Liancong Wang, Libi Fu, Chuan Liu, Yuntao Liang, and Cai Suncheng
- Subjects
Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Polyurethane foam ,Coal combustion products ,Environmental pollution ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,Combustion ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,lcsh:QD241-441 ,lcsh:Organic chemistry ,Coal ,Char ,coal combustion ,phosphorus ,Spontaneous combustion ,intumescent flame-retardant ,business.industry ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,General Chemistry ,expandable graphite ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Chemical engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Intumescent ,Fire retardant - Abstract
The extemporaneous combustion of coal remains a major threat to safety in coal mines because such fire accidents result in casualties and significant property loss, as well as serious environmental pollution. This work proposed the fabrication of flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) containing expandable graphite as char expander/sealant with melamine phosphosphate and 2-carboxyethyl (phenyl)phosphinic acid as char inducer and radical trapping agents. The as-prepared RPUF successfully inhibited coal combustion by forming thermally stable high graphitic content expandable intumescent char sealing over the coal. The RPUF achieved UL-94 V-0 rating in addition to significant reductions in peak heat release, total heat release, and CO and CO2 yields. The external and the internal residual char structure was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectra, Raman spectroscopy, and real-time Fourier transform infrared spectra techniques, and a flame-retardant mode of action has been proposed. This work provides important insight into a facile fabrication of highly efficient and economical flame-retardant RPUF to inhibit the spontaneous combustion of coal.
- Published
- 2019