Search

In order to explore the effect of hot air circulation heating on the functional value of radish sprouts, red, green, and white radish sprouts were used as the research subjects in this study. Different temperature and time of hot air circulation heating were used to analyze the changes in active substances such as total phenolic substances, anthocyanins, total phenolic acids, flavonoids, VC, and glucosinolates, as well as the antioxidant activity changes such as DPPH free radical scavenging ability and reducing ability. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted based on the distance method of superior and inferior solutions. The results showed that low-temperature short-term (60 °C for 30 s) hot air circulation heating had the greatest positive effect on the retention rate of anthocyanins and VC content in white radish sprouts, with retention rates reaching 77.8% and 85.3%, respectively. At the same time, the retention rates of total phenolic acids in green and white radish sprouts were 99.3% and 82.5% by short-term (60 °C for 30 s) hot air circulation heating at low temperature, which had a positive effect on the retention of active substance content in the two types of radish sprouts. In addition, the experimental group (100 °C for 60 s) had a certain positive effect on the increase of total phenolic substances, flavonoids, and glucosinolates content in radish sprouts. Moreover, comprehensive evaluation found that short-term hot air circulation heating (60 °C for 30 s) was the best heating condition for maintaining the functional value and antioxidant activity of the three types of radish sprouts. This experiment provided theoretical basis and data support for the in-depth study of hot air circulation heating of sprouts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, different intensities of UV-A were applied to compare their effects on growth, bioactive compounds and hypoglycemia-related enzyme activities in broccoli and radish sprouts. The growth of sprouts was decreased after UV-A irradiation. A total of 12 W of UV-A irradiation resulted in the highest content of anthocyanin, chlorophyll, polyphenol and ascorbic acid in broccoli and radish sprouts. The highest soluble sugar content was recorded in sprouts under 8 W of UV-A irradiation, while no significant difference was obtained in soluble protein content among different UV-A intensities. Furthermore, 12 W of UV-A irradiation induced the highest glucosinolate accumulation, especially glucoraphanin and glucoraphenin in broccoli and radish sprouts, respectively; thus, it enhanced sulforaphane and sulforaphene formation. The α-amylase, α-glucosidase and pancrelipase inhibitory rates of two kinds of sprouts were enhanced significantly after UV-A irradiation, indicating UV-A-irradiation-treated broccoli and radish sprouts have new prospects as hypoglycemic functional foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for healthy foods with high functional value has progressively increased. Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) have a promising application in agriculture including the enhancement of plant growth. However, there are few studies on the interactive effects of CNPs and mild salinity on radish seed sprouting. To this end, the effect of radish seed priming with 80mM CNPs on biomass, anthocyanin, proline and polyamine metabolism, and antioxidant defense system under mild salinity growth condition (25 mM NaCl). The results indicated that seed nanopriming with CNPs along with mild salinity stress enhanced radish seed sprouting and its antioxidant capacity. Priming boosted the antioxidant capacity by increasing antioxidant metabolites such as (polyphenols, flavonoids, polyamines, anthocyanin, and proline). To understand the bases of these increases, precursors and key biosynthetic enzymes of anthocyanin [phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, coumaric acid, naringenin, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, chalcone synthase (CHS), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H) and 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL)], proline [pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS), proline dehydrogenase (PRODH), Sucrose, Sucrose P synthase, invertase) and polyamines [putrescine, spermine, spermidine, total polyamines, arginine decarboxylase, orinthnine decarboxylase, S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase, spermidine synthase, spermine synthase] were analyzed. In conclusion, seed priming with CNPs has the potential to further stimulate mild salinity-induced bioactive compound accumulation in radish sprouts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radish sprouts are valued as a key nutrient-dense food in Asian countries. In the current study, we examined how radish sprouts responded to treatments with various carbon sources. The influence of those treatments in parameters such as plant growth and glucosinolate and phenolic compounds levels were analyzed. A positive correlation between plant growth and the accumulation of glucosinolates and phenolics was observed. In this study, except for galactose treatment, all other carbon-exposed radish sprouts showed the highest shoot and root length and fresh weight. Seven different glucosinolate and five phenolic compounds were identified in radish sprouts. The total glucosinolates and phenolic compound content were increased after treatments with different carbon sources. Radish sprouts exposed to sucrose showed the highest total glucosinolates and phenolics content, which was 1.22-fold and 1.45-fold higher than that of untreated sprouts, respectively. Moreover, sucrose exposure led to a higher production of glucoiberin, gluconapoleiferin, 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, glucoerucin, glucoraphasatin, glucobrassicin, gallic acid, sinapic acid, rutin, and p-coumaric acid compared to that of untreated sprouts. The results obtained in this study will be helpful for researchers around the world to enhance specific glucosinolate and phenolic compounds by treating the radish sprout plants with suitable carbon sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The health benefits of anthocyanins impel researchers and food producers to explorer new methods to increase anthocyanin contents in plant foods. Our previous studies revealed a positive role of nitric oxide (NO) in anthocyanin accumulation in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) sprouts. The application of hemin, an inducer of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), can effectively elevate NO production in vivo. Hemin treatment also improves plant growth and stress tolerance. This study is aimed to assess the effects of hemin treatment on anthocyanin production in radish sprouts, and to investigate whether NO signalling is involved in this process. Results: The application of hemin significantly up regulated the expressions of many anthocyanins biosynthesis related structure and regulatory genes, leading to increased anthocyanins accumulation in radish hypocotyls. Hemin treatment also raised NO contents in radish sprouts, probably through enhancing nitrate reductase (NR) activity and Nitric Oxide-Associated 1 (NOA1) expression. Comparing the effects of Zinc Protoporphyrin (ZnPP, HO-1 activity inhibitor), Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP, NO donor) and carboxy-PTIO (cPTIO, NO-scavenger) on anthocyanin and NO production, a positive role of NO signalling has been revealed in hemin-derived anthocyanin accumulation. A positive feedback loop between HO-1 and NO may be involved in regulating this process. Conclusions: Hemin induced anthocyanin accumulation in radish sprouts through HO-1 and NO signalling network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People have used plants as medications since the beginning of history. With the advancement in science, people headed more towards using synthetic drugs. However, with the rise of problems like the toxic side effects of these drugs as in the case of chemotherapy, and the origin of drug resistant bacteria, the need has come for developing new drugs. The safest source of developing new drugs is natural products from plants. In this study, antimicrobial and anticancer activity of radish sprouts extracts was tested. Radish seeds were planted and watered until they sprouted. Sprouts were then dried and grinded. Radish sprouts were soaked in three different solvents, (100% water, 100% ethanol, and 80% ethanol) for three hours with sonication, and then solvents were evaporated using rotary evaporator at 40 C°. Radish sprouts extracts were then tested for anticancer activity against MCF7 and HT29 cancer cells. Their antimicrobial activity for different types of positive and negative gram bacteria (E. coli, S. pneumonia, and S. aureus) was also tested using disk-diffusion method. Results showed that radish sprouts have anticancer activity against HT29 and MCF7. The most drastic effect was observed for radish sprouts extracted with 100% ethanol against MCF7 cells where 62% of cells were found dead compared to the control. No antimicrobial activity was observed for the radish sprouts extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Se (Selenium) treatment on nutritional quality in radish sprouts. The results showed that 15 µM sodium selenite significantly increased phenolics compounds, flavonoids compounds, anthocyanins, and some essential amino acid content, while improving the total antioxidant capacity of radish sprouts. Besides, the Se‐enriched radish sprouts significantly alleviated the liver damage caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice and improved the antioxidant capacity of the liver in mice, whereas the Se‐enriched radish sprouts alleviated the inflammatory reaction and apoptosis caused by CCl4. These results imply that Se‐enriched radish sprouts have a positive impact on mice with CCl4‐induced liver injury, and that in future Se‐enriched radish sprouts could be developed into an effective food and health care product for the liver injury prevention. Practical Application: Because selenium is an essential trace element in the human body, selenium‐enriched sprouts can help eliminate free radicals in the body, relieve aging, and selenium‐deficient diseases. They are easy to grow and have low costs. Hence, selenium‐enriched sprouts have a great potential of being widely consumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of gaseous essential oils (EO gases) against Listeria monocytogenes on the surfaces of a laboratory medium and radish sprouts. We determined the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal lethal concentration (MLC) values of EO gases from eight EOs extracted from basil leaves, carrot seed, cinnamon bark, cinnamon leaves, clove flower buds, oregano leaves, thyme flowers (linalool), and thyme leaves (thymol) against L . monocytogenes on a nutrient agar supplemented with 1% glucose and 0.025% bromocresol purple (NGBA). Oregano, thyme thymol, and cinnamon bark EO gases showed the strongest antilisterial activities (MIC and MLC, 78.1 μL/L). We also investigated the inhibitory and lethal activities of these gases against L . monocytogenes on the surface of radish sprouts. The number of L . monocytogenes after exposure to EO gases at ≥ 156 μL/L was significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) lower than that of untreated L . monocytogenes . For example, the initial number of L . monocytogenes on the surface of radish sprouts (ca. 6.3 log CFU/g) decreased by 1.4 log CFU/g within 24 h at 30 °C and 43% relative humidity (RH) without EO gas treatment, whereas the number of L . monocytogenes after exposure to oregano, thyme thymol, and cinnamon bark EO gases at 156 μL/L decreased by 2.1, 2.1, and 1.8 log CFU/g, respectively, after 24 h. Although EO gases exerted greater lethal activities at higher concentrations (312 and 625 μL/L), L . monocytogenes on the surface of radish sprouts was not completely inactivated. The number of L . monocytogenes on sprouts treated with oregano, thyme thymol, and cinnamon bark EO gases at 625 μL/L decreased by 2.7–3.0 log CFU/g after 24 h at 30 °C and 43% RH. Results indicate that EO gases that showed antilisterial activities on a laboratory medium also exhibited reduced lethal activity on the surface of radish sprouts. These findings will be useful when developing strategies to inactivate L . monocytogenes and possibly other foodborne pathogens on sprouts and perhaps other foods using EO gases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effects of cold plasma treatment (CPT) on the inhibition of Salmonella typhimurium on radish sprouts and the quality attributes of the sprouts. Radish sprouts were treated with nitrogen (N 2 )-cold plasma at 900 W and 667 Pa for 0, 2, 5, 10, and 20 min using a microwave-powered CPT system. The sensory attributes of the radish sprouts, appearance and odor, were evaluated before and after the treatment. The effects of N 2 -CPT for 10 min on microbial growth and the quality attributes of the radish sprouts were evaluated during storage for 12 days at 4 and 10 °C. N 2 -CPT at 900 W and 667 Pa for 20 min reduced the number of S . typhimurium by 2.6 ± 0.4 log CFU/g. The moisture content of the radish sprouts decreased with treatment time. The appearance and odor of the radish sprouts were not altered by CPT ( p > 0.05) and this treatment did not affect the quality attributes of the sprouts in terms of color, ascorbic acid concentration, or antioxidant activity during storage at both 4 and 10 °C. These findings suggest that CPT has the potential to improve the microbiological safety of radish sprouts with reference to S . typhimurium during cold storage without significant detriment to its quality properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glucoraphenin, the predominant glucosinolate in radish sprouts, is hydrolyzed by myrosinase to sulforaphene that is implicated to exert anticancerogenic effects. The effects of germination and subsequent cooking processes on the levels of glucoraphenin and its hydrolysis products were investigated in this research. HPLC analysis revealed that the levels of glucoraphenin and sulforaphene decreased with germination time. In agreement with the above results, the antiproliferation activity of radish sprouts extracts on human lung cancer cells was also found to decline gradually in line with the germination process. Furthermore, when we applied three traditional cooking treatments to radish sprouts, the glucoraphenin and sulforaphene were markedly decreased; while the antiproliferation activity of cooked radish sprouts was considerably decreased. This research showed that 3-day-old radish sprouts are an excellent source of bioactive compounds that could potentially benefit human health, while any cooking process appears to cause the devastation of beneficial attributes in radish sprouts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Application of Se promoted growth, antioxidant system and nutrients in radish sprouts. • 10 μM Se increased photosynthesis and sucrose synthesis in radish sprouts. • Se promoted anthocyanin accumulation in hypocotyl by inducing sucrose transport. Red radish sprout become a popular dietary vegetable because of its unique flavor, abundant nutrients and short production cycle. As a cruciferous plant, it has strong ability to absorb and assimilate Se which can promote the content of anthocyanin in plants. However, the mechanisms of Se on anthocyanin accumulation are still unclear. In this study, we explored that appropriate Se promoted growth, antioxidant system and nutrients in radish sprouts. The enhancement of photosynthesis by Se treatment resulted in more sucrose synthesis in radish sprouts. And the transport of sucrose from cotyledon to hypocotyl promoted by Se through up-regulating the gene expression of sucrose transporters, and more sucrose increased the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes to promote anthocyanin accumulation in hypocotyl. These results reveal the beneficial effect of Se on radish sprouts quality, and provide a new insight into the function of Se on sucrose-induced anthocyanin accumulation in radish sprouts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incubation conditions using tetrathionate broth (TT) and Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth (RV), which are typically employed as enrichment broths, were investigated for the isolation of Salmonella Brandenburg grown poorly at 42°C from radish sprouts. A small number (10² CFU/ml of broth) of Salmonella with Pseudomonas aeruginosa were injected into TT and RV; however, Salmonella colonies were absent when these broths were incubated at 42°C. No differences were observed in the detection rates of colonies on either TT or RV incubated anaerobically at 35°C and aerobically at 35°C, with the exception of a small number of Salmonella with P. aeruginosa on RV. In case of mixed culture of Salmonella Brandenburg and Escherichia coli in TT and RV at 42°C, there were samples that Salmonella colonies were not detected. In the mixed culture of Salmonella Brandenburg and radish sprouts in TT and RV, the detection rate of Salmonella was better on incubation at 35°C than that at 42°C when a large number of Salmonella Brandenburg was injected (105 or 106 CFU/ml of broth). Moreover, the detection rate at colonies was better at 35°Cthan at 42°C in the case of the injection (10² CFU/ml of broth) into RV. On the other hand, no remarkable differences were observed in the detection rates of colonies on either TT or RV incubated anaerobically at 35°C and aerobically at 35°C. These results demonstrated that the isolation of Salmonella grown poorly at 42°C from radish sprouts using a high temperature incubation was not favorable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known on structure-activity relationships of antioxidant anthocyanins. Raphanus sativus cv Sango sprouts are among the richest sources (270mg/100g fresh weight). We isolated from sprouts' juice 9 acylated anthocyanins, including 4 new compounds. All comprise a cyanidin core bearing 3-4 glucose units, multiply acylated with malonic and phenolic acids (ferulic and sinapic). All compounds were equally effective in inhibiting the autoxidation of linoleic acid in aqueous micelles, with rate constant for trapping peroxyl radicals kinh=(3.8±0.7)×104M-1s-1 at 37°C. In acetonitrile solution kinh varied with acylation: (0.9-2.1)×105M-1s-1 at 30°C. Each molecule trapped a number n of peroxyl radicals ranging from 4 to 7. Anthocyanins bearing sinapic acid were more effective than those bearing the ferulic moiety. Under identical settings, deacylated cyanin, ferulic and sinapic acids had kinh of 0.4×105, 0.3×105 and 1.6×105M-1s-1 respectively, with n ranging 2-3. Results show the major role of acylation on antioxidant performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The freeze-dried sprouts’ juice of Raphanus sativus (L.) cv. Sango was prepared and analysed for the first time. HPLC analysis of total isothiocyanates, after protein displacement, resulted in 77.8±3.0μmol/g of dry juice while GC–MS analysis of hexane and acetone extracts showed E- and Z-raphasatin (8.9 and 0.11μmol/g, respectively) and sulforaphene (11.7μmol/g), summing up to 20.7±1.7μmol/g of free isothiocyanates. Sprouts’ juice contained an unprecedented wealth of anthocyanins and a new fractionation methodology allowed us to isolate 34mg/g of acylated anthocyanins (28.3±1.9μmol/g), belonging selectively to the cyanidin family. Analysis was performed by HPLC–PDA–ESI–MSn and extended to deacylated anthocyanins and aglycones, obtained, respectively, by alkaline and acid hydrolysis. This study identified 70 anthocyanins, 19 of which have never been described before and 32 of which are reported here in R. sativus for the first time. Sango radish sprouts are exceptional dietary sources of heath-promoting micronutrients. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We investigated combinations of gaseous essential oils (EO gases) for their synergistic inhibitory activities against Listeria monocytogenes on a laboratory medium and radish sprouts. The minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum lethal concentrations of oregano, thyme thymol, and cinnamon bark EO gases against L. monocytogenes were 0.0781 μL/mL on nutrient agar supplemented with glucose and bromocresol purple (NGBA). A checkerboard assay showed that combinations of oregano and thyme thymol EO gases and of oregano and cinnamon bark EO gases exert the strongest synergistic antilisterial activity (fractional inhibitory concentration index [FICI] = 0.3750). A combination of thyme thymol and cinnamon bark EO gases also had a synergistic effect (FICI = 0.5000) on L. monocytogenes on NGBA. Combinations of oregano and thyme thymol EO gases were tested for synergistic antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes on radish sprouts. A combination of these gases, each at 0.313 μL/mL, caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in the number of L. monocytogenes on radish sprouts compared with reductions caused by treatment with oregano or thyme thymol EO gas alone at the same concentration. Our findings provide information that will be useful when developing antimicrobial applications using EO gases to control L. monocytogenes in the food industry. • Essential oils (EOs) with synergistic antilisterial activities were identified. • MIC and MLC of oregano, thyme thymol, and cinnamon bark EO gases were 0.0781 μL/mL. • Oregano and thyme thymol EO gases had synergistic antilisterial effects on a medium. • Oregano and thyme thymol EO gases had synergistic antilisterial effects on radish sprouts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen (N) is a macronutrient important for the survival of plants. To investigate the effects of N deficiency, a time-course metabolic profiling of radish sprouts was performed. A total of 81 metabolites—including organic acids, inorganic acid, amino acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, amines, amide, sugar phosphates, policosanols, tocopherols, phytosterols, carotenoids, chlorophylls, and glucosinolates—were characterized. Principal component analysis and heat map showed distinction between samples grown under different N conditions, as well as with time. Using PathVisio, metabolic shift in biosynthetic pathways was visualized using the metabolite data obtained for 7 days. The amino acids associated with glucosinolates accumulated as an immediate response against –N condition. The synthesis of pigments and glucosinolates was decreased, but monosaccharides and γ-tocopherol were increased as antioxidants in radish sprouts grown in –N condition. These results indicate that in radish sprouts, response to N deficiency occurred quickly and dynamically. Thus, this metabolic phenotype reveals that radish responds quickly to N deficiency by increasing the content of soluble sugars and γ-tocopherol, which acts as a defense mechanism after the germination of radish seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]