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Nanoemulsion provides an effective way for the efficient, safe, and environmentally friendly use of pesticides. In this study, the influence of different type emulsifiers on the formation and stability of nanoemulsion were tested and an optimal pyraclostrobin nanoemulsion with long-term stability was obtained. Pyraclostrobin (2.5 %), #602 (phenylethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, 6 %), and #600 P (tristyryl- phenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, 2 %) were dissolved in methyl benzoate (2.5 %) and co-emulsifier ethanol (20 %) with deionized water replenished to 100 %. Compared with microemulsion (ME), the nanoemulsion using a lower dosage of emulsifier kept the system stable for a long time, reducing pollution of the environment. Compared with the commercial ME and suspension concentrate (SC), the nanoemulsion had a lower contact angle and surface tension, and higher maximum retention. In addition, adding 0.01 % AEO-3 (dodecyl alcohol polyol ethylene ether) to the dilution of nanoemulsion can significantly improve the target deposition of the nanoemulsion and improve the utilization rate of the pesticide. Besides, the use of methyl benzoate, an environmentally friendly solvent, resulted in the nanoemulsion with high bactericidal activity and low acute toxicity to zebrafish, thus reducing the environmental pollution of such chemicals. [Display omitted] • Pyraclostrobin nanoemulsion with environmentally friendly methyl benzoate as solvent was developed. • Pyraclostrobin nanoemulsion prepared by screening different types of emulsifiers meets the product quality requirements. • The developed pyraclostrobin nanoemulsion can improve the target deposition on target leaves. • Pyraclostrobin nanoemulsion exhibited high bactericidal activity and low acute toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthocyanins from red cabbage are of great importance for their applications in the food industry as natural colorants and their beneficial effects on human wellness as natural antioxidants. This study aimed to develop an effective method for the isolation of anthocyanins with the help of a combination of alternate recycling and direct recycling preparative liquid chromatography. Ten major components of anthocyanins from red cabbage were isolated and their structures were identified by HPLC-MS/MS. Meanwhile, the stability of the isolated anthocyanins under various light conditions was also investigated so as to provide data for their storage. In sum, the results showed that twin column recycling preparative chromatography is an effective method for the isolation of anthocyanin monomers with similar structures. Besides, the stability of various anthocyanins from red cabbage was related to the number of acylated groups and mainly affected by illumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]