18 results on '"Bräuning, Achim"'
Search Results
2. Trends in tree growth and intrinsic water-use efficiency in the tropics under elevated CO2 and climate change
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Rahman, Mizanur, Islam, Mahmuda, Gebrekirstos, Aster, and Bräuning, Achim
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- 2019
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3. Dendroecological Perspectives on Climate Change on the Southern Tibetan Plateau
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Bräuning, Achim, Grießinger, Jussi, Hochreuther, Philipp, Wernicke, Jakob, Singh, RB, editor, Schickhoff, Udo, editor, and Mal, Suraj, editor
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- 2016
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4. Inter-annual and intra-annual tree-ring oxygen isotope signals in response to monsoon rainfall in northwestern Thailand.
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Preechamart, Sineenart, Pumijumnong, Nathsuda, Bräuning, Achim, Muangsong, Chotika, Cai, Binggui, and Buajan, Supaporn
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RAINFALL ,TREE-rings ,MONSOONS ,TEAK ,STABLE isotopes ,OXYGEN isotopes ,MOISTURE - Abstract
We present a new teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) tree-ring stable oxygen isotope (δ
18 OTR ) chronology from Mae Tuen (MT) site, Tak province, northwestern Thailand at inter-annual (167-year, A.D.1850–2016) and intra-annual (A.D.2006–2016) timescales. The inter-annual δ18 OTR chronology showed a significant negative correlation (r = −0.678, p < 0.01) with the May–October amount of regional rainfall obtained from CRU TS4.03. We established a linear regression model that explained 46.0% of the actual rainfall variance and reconstructed monsoon season rainfall back to A.D.1850. The seasonal variations in moisture conditions were reflected in inter-annual δ18 OTR variability. The rainfall amount and δ18 O in precipitation (δ18 Op ) mainly controlled intra-annual variations in teak δ18 OTR . These results show that the variation in Thai teak δ18 OTR is dominated by rainfall, highlighting the strength of δ18 OTR as a monsoon rainfall proxy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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5. Long-term decrease in Asian monsoon rainfall and abrupt climate change events over the past 6,700 years.
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Bao Yang, Chun Qin, Bräuning, Achim, Osborn, Timothy J., Trouet, Valerie, Ljungqvist, Fredrik Charpentier, Esper, Jan, Schneider, Lea, Grießinger, Jussi, Büntgen, Ulf, Rossi, Sergio, Guanghui Dong, Mi Yan, Liang Ning, Jianglin Wang, Xiaofeng Wang, Suming Wang, Luterbacher, Jürg, Cook, Edward R., and Stenseth, Nils Chr.
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CLIMATE change ,MONSOONS ,PLEISTOCENE-Holocene boundary ,FOREST declines ,STABLE isotopes - Abstract
Asian summer monsoon (ASM) variability and its long-term ecological and societal impacts extending back to Neolithic times are poorly understood due to a lack of high-resolution climate proxy data. Here, we present a precisely dated and well-calibrated treering stable isotope chronology from the Tibetan Plateau with 1- to 5-y resolution that reflects high- to low-frequency ASM variability from 4680 BCE to 2011 CE. Superimposed on a persistent drying trend since the mid-Holocene, a rapid decrease in moisture availability between ~2000 and ~1500 BCE caused a dry hydroclimatic regime from ~1675 to ~1185 BCE, with mean precipitation estimated at 42 ± 4% and 5 ± 2% lower than during themid-Holocene and the instrumental period, respectively. This second-millennium-BCE megadrought marks the mid-to late Holocene transition, during which regional forests declined and enhanced aeolian activity affected northern Chinese ecosystems. We argue that this abrupt aridification starting ~2000 BCE contributed to the shift of Neolithic cultures in northern China and likely triggered human migration and societal transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
- Full Text
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6. Structure and Function of Intra–Annual Density Fluctuations: Mind the Gaps
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Battipaglia, Giovanna, Campelo, Filipe, Vieira, Joana, Grabner, Michael, De Micco, Veronica, Nabais, Cristina, Cherubini, Paolo, Carrer, Marco, Bräuning, Achim, Čufar, Katarina, Di Filippo, Alfredo, García-González, Ignacio, Koprowski, Marcin, Klisz, Marcin, Kirdyanov, Alexander V., Zafirov, Nikolay, and de Luis, Martin
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wood anatomy ,IADF ,stable isotopes ,wood formation ,Plant Science ,tree-ring ,network analysis - Abstract
Tree rings are natural archives of climate and environmental information with a yearly resolution. Indeed, wood anatomical, chemical, and other properties of tree rings are a synthesis of several intrinsic and external factors, and their interaction during tree growth. In particular, Intra-Annual Density Fluctuations (IADFs) can be considered as tree-ring anomalies that can be used to better understand tree growth and to reconstruct past climate conditions with intra-annual resolution. However, the ecophysiological processes behind IADF formation, as well as their functional impact, remain unclear. Are IADFs resulting from a prompt adjustment to fluctuations in environmental conditions to avoid stressful conditions and/or to take advantage from favorable conditions? In this paper we discuss: (1) the influence of climatic factors on the formation of IADFs; (2) the occurrence of IADFs in different species and environments; (3) the potential of new approaches to study IADFs and identify their triggering factors. Our final aim is to underscore the advantages offered by network analyses of data and the importance of high-resolution measurements to gain insight into IADFs formation processes and their relations with climatic conditions, including extreme weather events.
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- 2016
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7. Air moisture signals in a stable oxygen isotope chronology of dwarf shrubs from the central Tibetan Plateau.
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Wernicke, Jakob, Stark, Georg, Wang, Lily, Grießinger, Jussi, and Bräuning, Achim
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ISOTOPIC fractionation ,HUMIDITY ,OXYGEN isotopes ,STABLE isotopes ,SHRUBS - Abstract
Background and Aims Annually resolved biological climate proxies beyond the altitudinal and latitudinal distribution limit of trees are rare. In such regions, several studies have demonstrated that annual growth rings of dwarf shrubs are suitable proxies for palaeoclimatic investigations. In High Asia, the pioneer work of Liang et al. (Liang E, Lu X, Ren P, Li X, Zhu L, Eckstein D, 2012. Annual increments of juniper dwarf shrubs above the tree line on the central Tibetan Plateau: a useful climatic proxy. Annals of Botany 109 : 721–728) confirmed the suitability of shrub growth-ring chronologies for palaeoclimatic research. This study presents the first sensitivity study of an annually resolved δ
18 O time series inferred from Wilson juniper (Juniperus pingii var. wilsonii) from the northern shoreline of lake Nam Co (Tibetan Plateau). Methods Based on five individual dwarf shrub discs, a statistically reliable δ18 O chronology covering the period 1957–2009 was achieved (expressed population signal = 0.80). Spearman's correlation analysis between the δ18 O chronology and climate variables from different sources was applied. In a first step, the suitability of various climate data was evaluated. Key Results Examinations of climate–proxy relationships revealed significant negative correlations between the δ18 O shrub chronology and summer season moisture variability of the previous and current year. In particular, relative humidity of the previous and current vegetation period significantly determined the proxy variability (ρ = −0.48, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the δ18 O variability of the developed shrub chronology significantly coincided with a nearby tree-ring δ18 O chronology of the same genus (r = 0.62, P < 0.01). Conclusions The δ18 O shrub chronology reliably recorded humidity variations in the Nam Co region. The chronology was significantly correlated with a nearby moisture-sensitive tree-ring δ18 O chronology, indicating a common climate signal in the two chronologies. This climate signal was likely determined by moisture variations of the Asian summer monsoon. Local climate effects were superimposed on the supra-regional climate signature of the monsoon circulation. Opposing δ18 O values between the two chronologies were interpreted as plant-physiological differences during isotopic fractionation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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8. Trends in tree growth and intrinsic water-use efficiency in the tropics under elevated CO2 and climate change.
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Rahman, Mizanur, Islam, Mahmuda, Gebrekirstos, Aster, and Bräuning, Achim
- Abstract
Key message: Increasing water-use efficiency, due to rising atmospheric CO
2 , did not stimulate radial growth in tropical trees, probably because negative impacts of changing climate on tree growth have overridden the small positive influence of rising atmospheric CO2 . Global environmental changes affect tree growth and physiological behavior across the major biomes around the world. However, it is not yet clear how tree growth and physiology of tropical trees responded to global environmental changes in a long term, yet such information is critical to get insight into how tropical trees will respond to future global changes. The main objective of this review article is to explore the long-term trends in tree growth, carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13 C), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci ), and intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) across the tropics and subtropics. We distinguished between data generated on plot levels or on species or tree individual levels. Stand-level growth trends were not consistent across the studies and plots, although recent studies indicated a declining growth trend. Ci and iWUE consistently increased during the past decades, while Δ13 C remained nearly constant. Increased iWUE either caused by higher photosynthetic capacity or reduced stomatal conductance did not translate into tree- and species-level radial growth, probably because assimilated carbon was allocated more to the root development to facilitate water absorption from moisture-limited soils rather than to basal area growth or xylem cell differentiation and maturation processess were impared by cavitation induced hydraulic limitations. Thus, higher temperature or drought-induced soil moisture deficit might have strongly impaired radial growth which has probably overridden the small positive effect of atmospheric CO2 . Yet, disentangling the role of multiple drivers in explaining stem radial growth variation and their interactive effects on tropical trees under natural field conditions are not adequately studied and hence future research should focus on this aspect. Tree hydraulics should be taken into account in future research when predicting radial growth variability in tropical trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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9. Long-term growth trends of Abies delavayi and its physiological responses to a warming climate in the Cangshan Mountains, southwestern China.
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Yang, Rao-Qiong, Zhao, Fan, Fan, Ze-Xin, Panthi, Shankar, Fu, Pei-Li, Bräuning, Achim, Grießinger, Jussi, and Li, Zong-Shan
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MOUNTAIN climate ,TREE growth ,WATER efficiency ,FIR ,LOW temperatures ,CARBON dioxide - Abstract
• Radial growth of Abies delavayi in southwest China is mainly limited by high temperatures and low moisture availability. • Tree growth rate of A. delavayi has been declining since the 1950s, accompanied with a remarkable increase of iWUE. • Xylem stable carbon (δ
13 C) and oxygen (δ18 O) isotopic composition shifted to higher values from cold to warm years. • Growth declines of A. delavayi were driven by increasing drought stress and stomatal closure under a warming climate. Long-term tree growth trends and physiological responses to environmental changes, i.e., climate warming, and the rise of atmospheric [CO 2 ] (C a), need to be investigated across diverse forest ecosystems. We detected long-term trends in tree growth and δ13 C derived intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) of Abies delavayi in the Cangshan Mountains, at its southern distribution edge in the Hengduan Mountains in southwestern China. We applied a dual-isotopic approach (δ13 C, δ18 O) to detect the shifts of tree physiological responses (photosynthetic, stomatal conductance) from colder to warmer conditions. Annual basal area increment (BAI) of A. delavayi in the Cangshan Mountains was decreasing since the 1950s, whilst the declining trend of tree growth was not obvious during the earlier period (1800–1951) after removing tree age- and size-related growth signals. Tree growth correlated negatively with temperatures and positively with relative humidity and self-calibrated Palmer drought severity index (scPDSI) during the early growing season (February to June), indicating a predominant growth limitation by moisture availability. Leaf inter-cellular [CO 2 ] (C i) derived from tree-ring δ13 C of A. delavayi increased over time, with a rate slower than atmospheric C a rise, resulting in a decrease in the C i /C a ratio. Intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) was increasing, especially after the 1950s. Dual-isotopic analyses revealed a reduction of stomatal conductance and stable or declined photosynthetic assimilation under warmer and drier environmental conditions. Recent growth decline of A. delavayi in the Cangshan Mountains was mainly related to the increase of warming-mediated drought stress and the resulting stomatal closure, while a positive effect of CO 2 fertilization was diminished under warming and drying environmental conditions. Our results serve as an early warning for tree growth and productivity of A. delavayi forests at the southern distribution limits under the ongoing warming climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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10. Growth dynamics and potential for cross-dating and multi-century climate reconstruction of Podocarpus falcatus in Ethiopia.
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Krepkowski, Julia, Bräuning, Achim, and Gebrekirstos, Aster
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PLANT growth ,PODOCARPUS ,CONIFERS ,PLANT species ,AGE of plants ,DENDROMETERS ,STABLE isotopes - Abstract
Abstract: Podocarpus falcatus is an indigenous evergreen conifer species of tropical mountain forests in southeastern Ethiopia, showing potential tree ages of around 500 years. To study the influence of seasonal climate on the growth pattern of P. falcatus, we combined high-resolution electronic dendrometer measurements with wood anatomical investigations of microcores from the outermost stem parts collected in monthly intervals. At any time of the year sufficient rain events are able to cause cambial activity in P. falcatus. This permanent growing readiness leads to irregular wood formation with the formation of intra-annual density fluctuations and missing rings. Wood anatomical studies of microcores collected around the circumference of a mature P. falcatus revealed locally different activity status of the cambium on different lobes of the stem. Tree-ring width measurements of stem disks resulted in tentative tree ages that were confirmed by radiocarbon dating of selected wood samples. Although our efforts to cross-date ring-width series from several stem disks were not successful, further sampling in areas with different rainfall regimes, additional radiocarbon dating and measurements of stable isotopes hopefully would enable the establishment of a multi-century-long tree-ring series for climate reconstruction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2012
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11. Tree-Ring Isotopes Provide Clues for Sink Limitation on Treeline Formation on the Tibetan Plateau.
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Pu, Xing, Wang, Xiaochun, Lyu, Lixin, Bräuning, Achim, and Yi, Chuixiang
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TIMBERLINE ,DENDROCHRONOLOGY ,TREE-rings ,WATER efficiency - Abstract
Identifying what determines the high elevation limits of tree growth is crucial for predicting how treelines may shift in response to climate change. Treeline formation is either explained by a low-temperature restriction of meristematic activity (sink limitation) or by the photosynthetic constraints (source limitation) on the trees at the treeline. Our study of tree-ring stable isotopes in two Tibetan elevational transects showed that treeline trees had higher iWUE than trees at lower elevations. The combination of tree-ring δ
13 C and δ18 O data further showed that photosynthesis was higher for trees at the treeline than at lower elevations. These results suggest that carbon acquisition may not be the main determinant of the upper limit of trees; other processes, such as immature tissue growth, may be the main cause of treeline formation. The tree-ring isotope analysis (δ13 C and δ18 O) suggests that Tibetan treelines have the potential to benefit from ongoing climate warming, due to their ability to cope with co-occurring drought stress through enhanced water use efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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12. Evaluation of Different Pooling Methods to Establish a Multi-Century δ18O Chronology for Paleoclimate Reconstruction.
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Foroozan, Zeynab, Grießinger, Jussi, Pourtahmasi, Kambiz, and Bräuning, Achim
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TREE-rings ,DENDROCHRONOLOGY ,PALEOCLIMATOLOGY ,STABLE isotopes ,CLIMATE extremes ,CLIMATE sensitivity - Abstract
To develop multi-century stable isotope chronologies from tree rings, pooling techniques are applied to reduce laboratory costs and time. However, pooling of wood samples from different trees may have adverse effects on the signal amplitude in the final isotope chronology. We tested different pooling approaches to identify the method that is most cost-efficient, without compromising the ability of the final chronology to reflect long-term climate variability as well as climatic extreme years. As test material, we used δ
18 O data from juniper trees (Juniperus polycarpus) from Northern Iran. We compared inter-tree and shifted 5-year blocks serial pooling of stable isotope series from 5 individual trees and addition of one single series to a shifted serial pooled chronology. The inter-tree pooled chronology showed the strongest climate sensitivity and most synchronous δ18 O variations with the individual tree ring analyses, while the shifted block chronologies showed a marked decline in high-frequency signals and no correlations with climate variables of the growth year. Combinations of block-pooled and single isotope series compensated the high-frequency decline but added tree-individual climatic signals. Therefore, we recommend pooling calendar synchronous tree rings from individual trees as a viable alternative to individual-tree isotope measurements for robust paleoclimate reconstructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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13. A Dual Stable Isotope Approach Unravels Common Climate Signals and Species-Specific Responses to Environmental Change Stored in Multi-Century Tree-Ring Series from the Tibetan Plateau.
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Grießinger, Jussi, Bräuning, Achim, Helle, Gerhard, Schleser, Gerhard Hans, Hochreuther, Philipp, Meier, Wolfgang Jens-Henrik, and Zhu, Haifeng
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PLATEAUS , *STABLE isotopes , *TREE-rings , *METEOROLOGICAL stations , *GROWING season , *CLIMATOLOGY - Abstract
Tree-rings are recorders of environmental signals and are therefore often used to reconstruct past environmental conditions. In this paper, we present four annually resolved, multi-centennial tree-ring isotope series from the southeastern Tibetan plateau. The investigation site, where juniper and spruce trees jointly occur, is one of the highest known tree-stands in the world. Tree ring cellulose oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) isotopes were analyzed for a common period of 1685–2007 AD to investigate climate–isotope relationships. Therefore, various climate parameters from a local meteorological station and from the CRU 4.02 dataset were used. Tree-ring δ18O of both species revealed highly significant sensitivities with a high degree of coherence to hydroclimate variables during the growing season. The obtained δ18O–climate relationships can even be retained using a species mean. In contrast, the individual δ13C series indicated a weaker and non-uniform response to the tested variables. Underlying species-specific responses and adaptations to the long-term trend in atmospheric CO2 bias even after a trend correction identified dominant environmental factors triggering the tree-ring δ13C at our site. However, analysis of individual intrinsic water-use efficiency in juniper and spruce trees indicated a species-specific adaptation strategy to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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14. Recent advances in dendroclimatology in China.
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He, Minhui, Yang, Bao, Bräuning, Achim, Rossi, Sergio, Ljungqvist, Fredrik Charpentier, Shishov, Vladimir, Grießinger, Jussi, Wang, Jianglin, Liu, Jingjing, and Qin, Chun
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TREE-rings , *OXYGEN isotopes , *STABLE isotopes , *CARBON isotopes , *TREE growth ,WOOD density - Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in dendroclimatological research in China during the period 2000–2017, including a significant increase in the spatial coverage of tree-ring chronologies developed for paleoclimatic research. New tree-ring sampling sites have been established across the Tibetan Plateau, as well as the northeastern and sub-tropical eastern parts of China. Most of the studies use coniferous trees, although different plant functional types (e.g., broadleaf species and shrubs) have also been increasingly investigated. Tree-ring chronologies longer than 600 years, however, are mostly found on the Tibetan Plateau, with the longest one extending back to 2637 BCE (before Common Era). Most tree-ring records in the eastern parts of China are <400 years long. Tree-ring width is the most commonly studied parameter, although stable isotope ratios and wood density data have also been obtained for specific sites. Stable oxygen isotope data frequently shares a common hydroclimate signal, whereas the climate or environmental signals remain inconsistent for the few available stable carbon isotope records. In general, tree-ring width-based temperature reconstructions originate from higher elevation sites (i.e., treeline) compared to hydroclimate reconstructions. Precipitation or drought reconstructions are mainly obtained from regions with an annual precipitation of <800 mm. Most of the tree-ring reconstructions are based on individual site or local-scale chronologies, although a limited number of regional-scale and field reconstructions have been produced. The most prominent identified characteristics of the recent advances in dendroclimatological research for China have manifested in aspects such as an expanded network of sampling sites, improved climate reconstruction methodology, and improved uncertainty estimations in the latter. Furthermore, the traditional statistical-based tree growth–climate relationships have been supplemented by monitoring and modeling approaches. Based on the progress from 2000 to 2017, and on the research potential of the country in this field, we expect additional widening of the dendroclimatological investigations in China during the coming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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15. Climatic signals in stable carbon isotope ratios of Juniper and Oak tree rings from northern Iran.
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Foroozan, Zeynab, Pourtahmasi, Kambiz, and Bräuning, Achim
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STABLE isotopes , *TREE-rings , *METEOROLOGICAL precipitation , *OAK , *JUNIPERS , *PALEOCLIMATOLOGY - Abstract
Stable isotope ratios in tree rings are increasingly used as palaeoclimatic archive and ecophysiological indicator. We used cross-dated tree-ring series from different tree functional types, i.e. the evergreen conifer Juniperus polycarpus and the deciduous broadleaved Quercus macranthera . The samples were collected from Chaharbagh Gorgon forest in northern Iran, where oaks and junipers grow on north-facing and south-facing slopes, respectively. We extracted α-cellulose from the whole wood of annually separated tree rings and evaluated their potential for palaeoclimate reconstructions by examining the relationships between variations of δ 13 C in tree-ring cellulose and climate parameters. Based on tree-ring δ 13 C, we calculated intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) and evaluated changes in water availability at the study site over the past 50 years. We found significant negative relationships between tree-ring δ 13 C values in oak and juniper and precipitation in April and spring (only in junipers), while no significant correlations of tree-ring δ 13 C with temperature occurred. A strong negative relationship between tree-ring δ 13 C and summer Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) was found at the drier site, indicating that juniper growing on south-facing slopes is a better indicator of drought stress in semiarid environments. A continuous increase in iWUE in both species was observed. δ 13 C variations in both species reflect the combined influence of climate and local site conditions. The interplay between climatic conditions and species behavior determines the inter-annual δ 13 C patterns of oak and juniper trees. Due to its more enriched mean δ 13 C (i.e., less negative average δ 13 C) and its higher climatic sensitivity, juniper is a more suitable proxy for paleoclimatic reconstructions in northern Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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16. Combining wood anatomy and stable isotope variations in a 600-year multi-parameter climate reconstruction from Corsican black pine.
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Szymczak, Sonja, Hetzer, Timo, Bräuning, Achim, Joachimski, Michael M., Leuschner, Hanns-Hubert, and Kuhlemann, Joachim
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WOOD anatomy , *STABLE isotopes , *CLIMATE reconstruction (Research) , *AUSTRIAN pine , *TREE-rings , *CARBON isotopes - Abstract
We present a new multi-parameter dataset from Corsican black pine growing on the island of Corsica in the Western Mediterranean basin covering the period AD 1410–2008. Wood parameters measured include tree-ring width, latewood width, earlywood width, cell lumen area, cell width, cell wall thickness, modelled wood density, as well as stable carbon and oxygen isotopes. We evaluated the relationships between different parameters and determined the value of the dataset for climate reconstructions. Correlation analyses revealed that carbon isotope ratios are influenced by cell parameters determining cell size, whereas oxygen isotope ratios are influenced by cell parameters determining the amount of transportable water in the xylem. A summer (June to August) precipitation reconstruction dating back to AD 1185 was established based on tree-ring width. No long-term trends or pronounced periods with extreme high/low precipitation are recorded in our reconstruction, indicating relatively stable moisture conditions over the entire time period. By comparing the precipitation reconstruction with a summer temperature reconstruction derived from the carbon isotope chronologies, we identified summers with extreme climate conditions, i.e. warm-dry, warm-wet, cold-dry and cold-wet. Extreme climate conditions during summer months were found to influence cell parameter characteristics. Cold-wet summers promote the production of broad latewood composed of wide and thin-walled tracheids, while warm-wet summers promote the production of latewood with small thick-walled cells. The presented dataset emphasizes the potential of multi-parameter wood analysis from one tree species over long time scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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17. Long-term decrease in Asian monsoon rainfall and abrupt climate change events over the past 6,700 years
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Guanghui Dong, Valerie Trouet, Mi Yan, Nils Chr. Stenseth, Jianglin Wang, Chun Qin, Ulf Büntgen, Juerg Luterbacher, Liang Ning, Suming Wang, Jussi Grießinger, Bao Yang, Achim Bräuning, Sergio Rossi, Timothy J. Osborn, Jan Esper, Fredrik Charpentier Ljungqvist, Edward R. Cook, Xiaofeng Wang, Lea Schneider, Yang, Bao [0000-0002-1063-351X], Qin, Chun [0000-0003-3115-2376], Bräuning, Achim [0000-0003-3106-4229], Osborn, Timothy J [0000-0001-8425-6799], Trouet, Valerie [0000-0002-2683-8704], Ljungqvist, Fredrik Charpentier [0000-0003-0220-3947], Schneider, Lea [0000-0002-8208-7300], Grießinger, Jussi [0000-0001-6103-2071], Büntgen, Ulf [0000-0002-3821-0818], Yan, Mi [0000-0003-4730-3781], Wang, Xiaofeng [0000-0002-7476-2206], Stenseth, Nils Chr [0000-0002-1591-5399], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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climate variability ,Climate Research ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Social Sciences ,stable isotopes ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Klimatforskning ,megadrought ,East Asian Monsoon ,Precipitation ,Holocene ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,geography ,Multidisciplinary ,Plateau ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,variability ,Asian summer monsoon ,Biological Sciences ,tree rings ,Aridification ,Abrupt climate change ,Physical geography ,Megadrought ,Environmental Sciences ,Chronology - Abstract
Significance The variability of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) is important for the functioning of ecological and societal systems at regional to continental scales, but the long-term evolution and interannual variability of this system is not well understood. Here, we present a stable isotope–based reconstruction of ASM variability covering 4680 BCE to 2011 CE. Superimposed on a gradual drying trend, a rapid drop in mean annual precipitation (>40%) toward persistently drier conditions occurred in ∼1675 BCE. This megadrought caused regional forest deterioration and enhanced aeolian activity affecting Chinese ecosystems. We argue that this abrupt aridification starting ∼2000 BCE triggered waves of human migration and societal transformation in northern China, which contributed to the alteration of spatial pattern of ancient civilizations., Asian summer monsoon (ASM) variability and its long-term ecological and societal impacts extending back to Neolithic times are poorly understood due to a lack of high-resolution climate proxy data. Here, we present a precisely dated and well-calibrated tree-ring stable isotope chronology from the Tibetan Plateau with 1- to 5-y resolution that reflects high- to low-frequency ASM variability from 4680 BCE to 2011 CE. Superimposed on a persistent drying trend since the mid-Holocene, a rapid decrease in moisture availability between ∼2000 and ∼1500 BCE caused a dry hydroclimatic regime from ∼1675 to ∼1185 BCE, with mean precipitation estimated at 42 ± 4% and 5 ± 2% lower than during the mid-Holocene and the instrumental period, respectively. This second-millennium–BCE megadrought marks the mid-to late Holocene transition, during which regional forests declined and enhanced aeolian activity affected northern Chinese ecosystems. We argue that this abrupt aridification starting ∼2000 BCE contributed to the shift of Neolithic cultures in northern China and likely triggered human migration and societal transformation.
- Published
- 2021
18. Structure and function of intra–annual density fluctuations: Mind the gaps
- Author
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Giovanna eBattipaglia, Filipe eCampelo, Joana eVieira, Michael eGrabner, Veronica eDe Micco, Cristina eNabais, Paolo eCherubini, Marco eCarrer, Achim eBraeuning, Katarina eCufar, Alfredo eDi Filippo, Ignacio eGarcía-González, Marcin eKoprowski, Marcin eKlisz, Alexander V. Kirdyanov, Nikolay eZafirov, Martin eDe Luis, Second University of Naples-Caserta, University of Naples Federico II, Centre de Bio-Archéologie et d'Ecologie (CBAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TeSAF), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University of Ljubljana, Università degli studi della Tuscia [Viterbo], Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [Spain] (USC ), Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection [Toruń], Nicolaus Copernicus University [Toruń], Department of Silviculture and Genetics, Forest Research Institute, V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Siberian Federal University (SibFU), Forestry University of Sofia, University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Botánica, Battipaglia, Giovanna, Campelo, Filipe, Vieira, Joana, Grabner, Michael, DE MICCO, Veronica, Nabais, Cristina, Cherubin, Paolo, Carrer, Marco, Bräuning, Achim, Čufar, Katarina, Di Filippo, Alfredo, García González, Ignacio, Koprowski, Marcin, Klisz, Marcin, Kirdyanov, Alexander V., Zafirov, Nikolay, de Luis, Martin, and De Micco, Veronica
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,stable isotopes ,Functional impact ,Plant Science ,lcsh:Plant culture ,Biology ,tree-ring ,01 natural sciences ,Extreme weather ,wood anatomy ,IADF ,Dendrochronology ,lcsh:SB1-1110 ,network analysis ,Stable isotopes ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,Wood formation ,Wood anatomy ,Ecology ,Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät ,Network analysi ,[SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics ,15. Life on land ,Stable isotope ,Structure and function ,13. Climate action ,Climatology ,Perspective ,wood formation ,Network analysis ,ddc:500 ,Tree-ring ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Tree rings are natural archives of climate and environmental information with a yearly resolution. Indeed, wood anatomical, chemical, and other properties of tree rings are a synthesis of several intrinsic and external factors, and their interaction during tree growth. In particular, Intra-Annual Density Fluctuations (IADFs) can be considered as tree-ring anomalies that can be used to better understand tree growth and to reconstruct past climate conditions with intra-annual resolution. However, the ecophysiological processes behind IADF formation, as well as their functional impact, remain unclear. Are IADFs resulting from a prompt adjustment to fluctuations in environmental conditions to avoid stressful conditions and/or to take advantage from favorable conditions? In this paper we discuss: (1) the influence of climatic factors on the formation of IADFs; (2) the occurrence of IADFs in different species and environments; (3) the potential of new approaches to study IADFs and identify their triggering factors. Our final aim is to underscore the advantages offered by network analyses of data and the importance of high-resolution measurements to gain insight into IADFs formation processes and their relations with climatic conditions, including extreme weather events. This research is linked to activities conducted within the COST FP1106 “STReESS” network. Collection of datasets used for this work was supported by the projects: – ELENA (CGL2012-31668) and CGL2015-69985-R funded by the Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry (MICINN) and FEDER funds. – PGIDIT06PXIB502262PR funded by Dirección Xeral de Investigación, Desenvolvemento e Innovación, Xunta de Galicia. – Slovenian Research Agency (program P4-0015). – Austrian Science Fund (FWF-TRP 122-B16). – Russian Science Foundation 14-14-00295. – POCI/CLI/58680/2004 and PTDC/AAC-AMB/111675/2009 funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and the European Union (POCI 2010) SI
- Published
- 2016
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