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This study explores the role of patronage in Indonesian State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) by analyzing board appointments between 2004 and 2019 under two different presidential administrations—those of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Joko Widodo. The study is based on a content analysis of board members and their political affiliations in fifteen of the largest Indonesian SOEs and in-depth, semi-structured interviews with a former minister, high-ranking officials in the government, political party members, CEOs, and SOE board members. The study identifies how key patrons influence board appointments and how the sitting president, a pivotal patron in the post-authoritarian context, strategically uses patronage for power consolidation and political stability. Given the financial significance and power of SOEs, placing loyalists on boards serves the interests of ruling political parties and elites. This also enables elites to produce even more patronage, which is beneficial for their personal political machinery. This intricate interplay sustains the presence of patronage in Indonesia's democratic landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: In today's unpredictable, uncertain, complex, ambiguous, and interconnected environment, businesses face various challenges and uncertainties that are anticipated will intensify and become more frequent in the future. In this harsh environment, maintaining sustainable competitiveness is difficult. Information Technology Capabilities (ITCs) are an important element that determines a company's success or failure as well as its Resilience (ER). Given the complexity and uncertainty of today's business world, businesses with good information collection, analysis, and use can anticipate changes and decrease delays. Enterprises should collect high-quality information to meet modern business settings. Business resilience depends on the ability to gather and process resources to handle environmental uncertainty. Enterprises should use information, knowledge, experiences, and other resources to build resilience. The leadership of top management is essential for ensuring the organisation's sustainability and attaining its objectives. This study applies the concept of dynamic capability to assess the impact of ITCs on Indonesian SOEs and their subsidiaries. Additionally, this study investigates leadership capabilities (LCs) as a mediator between ITCs and ER. Due to their vital role in the Indonesian economy and the paucity of research on State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) resilience and dynamic capabilities, particularly in the emerging market, this research focuses on Indonesian SOEs and their subsidiaries. Methodology: The study examined 322 valid data from online surveys using questionnaires to Indonesia SOEs and their subsidiaries' board of directors and senior management. The data is analysed using SmartPLS 3. Findings: The research demonstrates that ITCs enhance ER. LCs improved the enterprise's resiliency. The relationship between ITCs and ER is mediated through LCs. Contributions: The findings may expand the scope of dynamic capability theory to include resilience. The findings extend the methodology by adopting a quantitative and online survey of SOEs in emerging countries and demonstrate to SOE management and regulators that ER can be fostered by strengthening dynamic capabilities and risk management practices. The findings recommend that policymakers develop a road map, scenario, and strategies to ensure the long-term viability of SOEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the crimes than can be committed by corporates is corruption. This is done to get greater convenience, profit, and benefits. So, it can make the costs and capital efficient for the labor, time, place, and funds. The ultimate goal is the corporates, groups or individuals will bet more income than those without committing the criminal act of corruption. Certainly, this will harm the country, the environment and society. This should not be allowed to happen so that it is appropriate that criminal acts should be given to the corporation that have committed these violations. Article 20 paragraph (1) of Corruption Crime Law states that in the case of criminal act of corruption by or on behalf of a corporation, the charges and convictions can be made against the corporation and/ or its management. Meanwhile, Article 20 Paragraph (2) states that a criminal act of corruption is committed by a corporation if the criminal act is committed by people, either on the basis of a work relationship or on the basis of other relationships, acting within the corporate environment either individually or collectively. This research is legal research, discussing on doctrines and principles in legal science. The main problem examined is the legal settlement and legal sanctions for corporate actions in committing corporate crimes, especially in state-owned enterprises. The purpose of this research is to analyse the laws and regulations on the settlement of criminal cases in the criminal justice system in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]