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Incarcerated individuals experience poorer health, including dental health, when compared with the general population. Although interventions that target multiple determinants of health are more effective, there are limited investigations of the determinants of dental health, and how these differ, among incarcerated individuals. This article describes a secondary data analysis to investigate caries (dental decay) experience and associated risk indicators from a survey of females, adult males, and young males incarcerated in Scotland. Substance misuse significantly explained caries risk for adults, and tailored interventions are warranted to address smoking and dental attitudes among females, and for adult males housing support alongside oral health education are indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pakistani women are vulnerable to all kinds of violence due to the patriarchal setup of society. We examined the justification of wife beating by women and men of reproductive group that comprised of 15-49 years of age by doing secondary data analysis on nationally representative cross- sectional survey data from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2012-13. The analysis was conducted on randomly selected 13,558 ever- married women and 3134 ever- married men representing all the four provinces of Pakistan including Gilgit Baltistan and federal capital Islamabad. The data showed that women justified wife beating more as compared to men. The findings of multivariable logistic regression depicted that women living with partners, having no access to information, lacking autonomy, and no control over income were more likely to justify wife beating while men who did not have access to information were more in favor of this acts. These findings may help in devising strategies to change the mindset regarding justification of wife beating in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article looks at the effectiveness of an Oral Health Improvement Project to improve oral health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in prisoners in a high-security jail in Scotland. Researchers collected oral health questionnaires from the intervention group and a control group, finding higher awareness but not behavior changes in the intervention group. Other topics include the effects of smoking and diet on oral health, analysis of covariance statistics, and health-promoting prisons.