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Aim of the Study: The attempt to limit the negative effects of polyester implants on the articular cavity by using preparations containing growth factors., Materials and Methods: Polyester implants used for the reconstruction of a rabbit's cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) were saturated with autogenic platelet-rich plasma (PRP), antlerogenic stem cells MIC-1 and their homogenate prior to the surgery. Six months after CCL reconstruction, morphological, and biochemical blood tests were carried out, including proteinogram and acute phase proteins. The knee joints were also examined macro- and microscopically., Results: The results, compared to the control group, showed a favorable effect of the PRP and homogenate of antlerogenic cells on limiting the inflammation caused by the presence of polyester implant in the knee joint. The addition of growth factors caused covering the implant faster with the recipient's connective tissue, thus contributing to reducing the inflammatory reaction of the articular capsule to the presence of polyester. At the same time, no enhanced local or general reaction of the rabbit organism was observed to the presence of xenogenic antlerogenic stem cells MIC-1 homogenate which, like the PRP, may provide an easily available source of growth factors, increasingly often used in regenerative medicine., Conclusions: Applying antlerogenic stem cells, their homogenate or PRP increases the volume of connective tissue that surrounds and intertwines polyester CCL implant, separating it from synovial cavity environment.

Aim: (i) To assess the expression profiles of stem cell-associated markers including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, Nanog, C-myc, Stat3 and Cd9, (ii) analyze the nanotopography of the MIC-1 stem cells and (iii) evaluate the efficiency of live stem cell implants and stem cell culture derivatives on the regeneration of bone deficiencies in rabbit mandibles., Materials and Methods: The expression profiles of stem cell-associated genes, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, Nanog, C-myc, Stat3 and CD9 were assessed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry. Nanotopography of the antlerogenic MIC-1 cell lineage was analyzed using atomic force microscopy. The effect of MIC-1 stem cells, their homogenate and supernatant on the regeneration of bone deficiencies in rabbit mandibles was evaluated using histological analysis. The effect of MIC-1 stem cells and stem cell-based derivatives on the immune responses of the animals was assessed by analyses of acute phase protein levels (haptoglobin and fibrinogen)., Results: We found that the MIC-1 cells isolated from the apical regions of growing antlers exhibited molecular features that were characteristics of pluripotent stem cells. Using atomic force microscopy, we determined the details of the cell surface morphologies with a particular emphasis on the patterns of formation of plasma extensions for interlinking adjacent cells. We also demonstrated that not only implanted stem cells but also cell homogenates and cell post-culture supernatants have potential in the regeneration of bone deficiencies in the rabbit mandible., Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the use of both antlerogenic stem cell implants and the preparations derived from the cells offer alternative approaches to those based on autologous stem cells in the biological stimulation of osteogenesis and in bone regeneration.

Regenerative medicine is a dynamically developing field of human and veterinary medicine. The animal model was most commonly used for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) treatment in experimental and preclinical studies with a satisfactory therapeutic effect. Year by year, the need for alternative treatments in veterinary medicine is increasing, and other applications for promising MSCs and their biological derivatives are constantly being sought. There is also an increase in demand for other methods of treating disease states, of which the classical treatment methods did not bring the desired results. Cell therapy can be a realistic option for treating human and animal diseases in the near future and therefore additional research is needed to optimize cell origins, numbers, or application methods in order to standardize the treatment process and assess its effects. The aim of the following work was to summarize available knowledge about stem cells in veterinary medicine and their possible application in the treatment of chosen musculoskeletal disorders in dogs and horses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]