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Background: The first duty of any government is to ensure the health of its children and neonates. Today's countries are classified as declining mortality in this group. To increase neonatal survival rate, classified causes of newborn mortality are the core strategy and policies. This study was aimed to determine the classification of causes of neonatal death in Iran. Methods: Neonatal mortality refers to deaths of young children. It is measured by the neonatal mortality rate (NMR), which is the number of deaths of neonates per 1000 live births. This study was used data from 11693 neonatal deaths (from 22 weeks gestational age to neonatal death less than 30 days), in Iran's hospitals in 2012 that registered in the perinatal mortality surveillance system (hospital-based system). Demographic characteristics and other factors associated with neonatal death were investigated. To aid in cause of death analysis, burden of disease analysis, and comparative risk assessment we classified the causes of death according to international statistical classification of diseases version 10 (ICD 10), divided into three cause mortality strata. Results: Results showed the most common cause of neonatal mortality was "certain conditions originating in the perinatal period" (77.92%) with the highest incidence of "disorders related to length of gestation and fetal growth" (37.7%) in this group. Also it shows that 20.82% of deaths caused by "congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities" and 1.26% cases had occurred as a result of "accidents and injuries". The greatest cause of death in the neonates with weight over one thousand grams was "certain conditions originating in the perinatal period" (71.29%), with the highest percentage in the disorders related to "length of gestation and fetal growth" (29.65%). Conclusion: According to this study the "certain conditions originating in the perinatal period" special "disorders related to length of gestation and fetal growth" was the main cause of neonatal mortality. Also "congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities" was the second cause of neonatal mortality.

Background: Neonatal mortality is the major proportion of children mortality under five years and it is considered as the main health indicator in the first year of life. This paper has aimed to review the neonatal mortality in the numbers recorded at the Iranian Perinatal Mortality Surveillance System (IPMSS) by Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Methods: A descriptive study was done in 2014. For assessment of sampling quality and quantity, 24 hospitals randomly were selected. Recorded information, related to perinatal mortality (deaths from 22 completed weeks of gestation until 30 completed days after birth inclusive of stillbirths and neonatal mortality) from selected hospitals, was compared with recorded data in IPMSS. Results: Results showed that, out of 1,725 perinatal deaths occurred in hospitals, 1,480 (85.80%) deaths were recorded in IPMSS. Of 1,041 neonatal deaths that occurred in hospitals (in hospital wards and delivery rooms), 875 (84.05%) were in IPMSS. It shows that a correction coefficient for hospital neonatal mortality was 1.1904. Based on analyzing process, correction coefficients for stillbirth reported by hospitals, stillbirth for all over the country and perinatal death were 1.130, 1.1775 and 1.2443, respectively. Considering these correction coefficients – that enabled to calculate 15,130 neonatal deaths – and 1,421,689 live births (according to Statistics Center) in 2012, neonatal mortality rate was 10.64 in 1,000 live births. Conclusion: Our data showed some problems in the registration system. Although implementation and supervision of such Surveillance System are not easy, they are essential and provide valuable data in perinatal audit and neonatal health care practices.

Background: The first duty of any government is to ensure the health of its children and neonates. Today's countries are classified as declining mortality in this group. To increase neonatal survival rate, classified causes of newborn mortality are the Core Strategy and Policies. This study was aimed to determine the classification of causes of neonatal death in Iran. Methods: Neonatal mortality refers to deaths of young children, typically those less than 28 days of age. It is measured by the neonatal mortality rate (NMR), which is the number of deaths of neonates per 1000 live births.This study was used data from 11693 neonatal deaths (from 22 weeks gestational age to neonatal death less than 30 days), in IRAN's hospitals in 2012 that registered in the Perinatal Mortality Surveillance System (hospital-based system). Demographic characteristics and other factors associated with neonatal death were investigated. To aid in cause of death analyses, burden of disease analyses, and comparative risk assessment we classified the causes of death according to International statistical classification of diseases version 10 (ICD 10), divided into three cause mortality strata. Results: The most common cause of neonatal mortality was "certain conditions originating in the perinatal period" (77.92%) with the highest incidence of "disorders related to length of gestation and fetal growth" (37.7%) in this group. Also 2419 (20/82%) of deaths caused by "Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities" and 147 (1/26%) cases had occurred as a result of "accidents and injuries". The greatest cause of death in the neonates with weight over one thousand grams was "certain conditions originating in the perinatal period" (71/29%), with the highest percentage in the disorders related to "length of gestation and fetal growth" (29/65%). Conclusion: Policies and interventions should be in line with the priority given to the most common causes of death in prenatal care, prevention and treatment of complications of pregnancy and delivery.