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With orthodontic patient demographics expanding to involve more adults, the demand for esthetic appliances is greater and orthodontists are keen on offering their patients more discreet and even invisible options. Lingual orthodontics is a very viable field which offers all this, and it is noteworthy that more and more orthodontists in India are practicing the craft.This questionnaire based survey aims to assess the knowledge and application of Lingual Orthodontics among Orthodontists in their routine clinical practice in India.A sample of 157 participants (orthodontists) was taken after assessing the sample size within the age group of 27 - 50 years of age. The participants comprised of orthodontists practicing in various parts of India. A Questionnaire was created on Google forms and circulated to participants using various social media platforms. The data of responses of participants were analyzed and evaluated with the help of pie charts.This survey analyzed the knowledge and application of Lingual Orthodontics among Orthodontists in their routine clinical practice in India. The results highlighted certain key points ; Majority of the Orthodontists in India did not practice Lingual Orthodonticsand if a patient demanded Lingual braces, majority of the Orthodontists convinced them for conventional braces. Majority of the Orthodontists also reported of not being comfortable practicing Lingual Orthodontics and were not even certified as trained Lingual Orthodontists. They reported of facing certain problems like long treatment duration, more frequent patient visits, increased appointment duration, increased breakages and increased patient discomfort. Most of the participants suggested that conventional braces were better than Lingual braces and they also felt that Lingual Orthodontics took up a lot of clinical chair side time. Maximum participants reported of frequently using conventional braces in their routine clinical practice. They also felt that there was a need to conduct increased awareness and training programs in lingual Orthodontics and a whopping majority also believed that Lingual Orthodontics had now become obsolete.This questionnaire based survey clearly helped in analyzing the knowledge and application of Lingual Orthodontics among Orthodontists in their routine clinical practice in India. Increased awareness and training programs in lingual Orthodontics need to be conducted in India as there were very few Orthodontic clinicians practicing lingual Orthodontics in routine practice.

Magnets have been widely used in orthodontics, there have been concerns regarding their safety and possible harmful effects. Magnets are used in number of conditions like, Relocation of Unerupted teeth; Space closure with magnets; Molar intrusion and correction of anterior open bite; Molar distalization; Maxillary expansion; Functional appliances for correction of Class II malocclusion; Functional Appliances for Class III malocclusions; Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea, snoring; Extrusion of crown-root fractured teeth; Closure of mid-line diastema; Correction of hemifacial microsomia. At present the most promising clinical uses for these magnets are mainly confined to tooth movement for impacted teeth, and Class II and Class III malocclusions, as well as for treatment of open bite cases. In particular the long term effects of correction of open bite with magnetic appliances have to be evaluated. Keywords: Magnetic Appliances.

Introduction : The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the shear bond strength between the bracket and acid etched enamel, enamel treated with self-etch primer and laser irradiated enamel and to analyze the interface of the enamel bracket bond. Materials and methods : Around 60 noncarious human premolars were divided randomly into three groups of 20 each and etched using 37% phosphoric acid, self-etch primer and Er:YAG laser. Stainless steel brackets were then bonded using Transbond XT following which all the samples were stored in distilled water at room temperature for 24 hours. Shear bond strength was tested using a chisel edge, mounted on the crosshead of Universal Testing Machine. After debonding, the teeth were examined under 10Χ magnification with a stereomicroscope and ARI score determined. Shear bond strengths of the three groups were then compared using ANOVA test (multiple comparisons, Tukey′s correction). Comparison of the ARI scores was done using Chi-square test. Result : The acid etched group yielded the highest mean debonding force (13.34 Mpa) followed by self-etch group (12.15 Mpa) and laser etch group (12.10 Mpa). No significant difference was found between the three groups. On comparison of the ARI scores, it was found that the adhesive left on the enamel surface after debonding was significantly higher in the acid etched group than the self-etch group (p = 0.009). There was no significant difference in the ARI scores between the other two groups. Conclusion : These results indicate that the shear bond strength of all the three groups was clinically acceptable with no significant difference between them but more adhesive was left on enamel treated with acid and laser as compared to self-etch primer treated enamel.