S. M. Khaykin, J.-P. Pommereau, E. D. Riviere, G. Held, F. Ploeger, M. Ghysels, N. Amarouche, J.-P. Vernier, F. G. Wienhold, D. Ionov, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), STRATO - LATMOS, Groupe de spectrométrie moléculaire et atmosphérique (GSMA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Pesquisas Meteorológicas (IPMet), Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho = São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Stratosphäre (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology [Gaithersburg] (NIST), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] (SSAI), Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), V.A. Fock Institute of Physics (NIF), St Petersburg State University (SPbU), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), ANR-10-BLAN-0609,TRO-Pico,Bilan multiéchelle de l'eau dans la haute troposphère et la basse stratosphère des régions TROpicales.(2010), Université de Versailles St Quentin, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne and CNRS, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Forschungszentrum Jülich, CNRS, Science Systems and Applications Inc, NASA Langley Research Center, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, St. Petersburg State University, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales ( LATMOS ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), SHTI - LATMOS, Groupe de spectrométrie moléculaire et atmosphérique - UMR 7331 ( GSMA ), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Instituto de Pesquisas Meteorológicas ( IPMet ), Universidade Estadual Paulista, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Stratosphäre ( IEK-7 ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, National Institute of Standards and Technology [Gaithersburg] ( NIST ), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] ( LaRC ), Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] ( SSAI ), Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] ( IAC ), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich ( ETH Zürich ), V.A. Fock Institute of Physics ( NIF ), St Petersburg State University ( SPbU ), and ANR-2010-BLAN-609-01,TRO-pico,TRO-pico project
Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:06:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-09-29 High-resolution in situ balloon measurements of water vapour, aerosol, methane and temperature in the upper tropical tropopause layer (TTL) and lower stratosphere are used to evaluate the processes affecting the stratospheric water budget: horizontal transport (in-mixing) and hydration by cross-Tropopause overshooting updrafts. The obtained in situ evidence of these phenomena are analysed using satellite observations by Aura MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) and CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) together with trajectory and transport modelling performed using CLaMS (Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere) and HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model. Balloon soundings were conducted during March 2012 in Bauru, Brazil (22.3°ĝ€S) in the frame of the TRO-Pico campaign for studying the impact of convective overshooting on the stratospheric water budget. The balloon payloads included two stratospheric hygrometers: FLASH-B (Fluorescence Lyman-Alpha Stratospheric Hygrometer for Balloon) and Pico-SDLA instrument as well as COBALD (Compact Optical Backscatter Aerosol Detector) sondes, complemented by Vaisala RS92 radiosondes. Water vapour vertical profiles obtained independently by the two stratospheric hygrometers are in excellent agreement, ensuring credibility of the vertical structures observed. A signature of in-mixing is inferred from a series of vertical profiles, showing coincident enhancements in water vapour (of up to 0.5ĝ€ppmv) and aerosol at the 425ĝ€K (18.5ĝ€km) level. Trajectory analysis unambiguously links these features to intrusions from the Southern Hemisphere extratropical stratosphere, containing more water and aerosol, as demonstrated by MLS and CALIPSO global observations. The in-mixing is successfully reproduced by CLaMS simulations, showing a relatively moist filament extending to 20°ĝ€S. A signature of local cross-Tropopause transport of water is observed in a particular sounding, performed on a convective day and revealing water vapour enhancements of up to 0.6ĝ€ppmv as high as the 404ĝ€K (17.8ĝ€km) level. These are shown to originate from convective overshoots upwind detected by an S-band weather radar operating locally in Bauru. The accurate in situ observations uncover two independent moisture pathways into the tropical lower stratosphere, which are hardly detectable by space-borne sounders. We argue that the moistening by horizontal transport is limited by the weak meridional gradients of water, whereas the fast convective cross-Tropopause transport, largely missed by global models, can have a substantial effect, at least at a regional scale. LATMOS CNRS Université de Versailles St Quentin GSMA Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne and CNRS Instituto de Pesquisas Meteorológicas (IPMet) UNESP Forschungszentrum Jülich Division Technique de l'Insu CNRS Science Systems and Applications Inc NASA Langley Research Center ETH Zurich Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science St. Petersburg State University National Institute of Standards and Technology Instituto de Pesquisas Meteorológicas (IPMet) UNESP