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Your search keyword '"Elke J. Seppanen"' showing total 4 results
Start Over Author "Elke J. Seppanen" Topic streptococcus pneumoniae
4 results on '"Elke J. Seppanen"'

1. Evidence of maternal transfer of antigen-specific antibodies in serum and breast milk to infants at high-risk of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae disease

Author

Kelly M. Martinovich, Elke J. Seppanen, Amy S. Bleakley, Sharon L. Clark, Ross M. Andrews, Peter C. Richmond, Michael J. Binks, Ruth B. Thornton, and Lea-Ann S. Kirkham

Subjects
Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, maternal, breast milk, IgG, IgA, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

IntroductionChildren in low-mid income countries, and First Nations children in high-income countries, experience disproportionately high rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae infections and diseases including pneumonia and otitis media. We previously observed that infants from Papua New Guinea had no evidence of waning maternal immunity for H. influenzae-specific antibodies. In this study, we assessed S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae antibody titres in Australian First Nation mothers and infants to determine antigen-specific antibody ontogenies and whether H. influenzae antibody titres in infants were due to low maternal antibody titres or lack of placental transfer.MethodsBreast milk, infant nasopharyngeal swabs and ear assessment data were collected 1-, 2-, 7-months post-birth as well as maternal, cord and 7-month-old infant sera, from 85 Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mother-infant pairs. Serum IgG and breast milk IgG and IgA antibody titres to S. pneumoniae antigens (PspA1, PspA2, CbpA, Ply) and H. influenzae antigens (PD, ChimV4, OMP26, rsPilA) were measured.ResultsIgG titres in maternal and cord sera were similar for all antigens, except Ply (higher in cord; p=0.004). Sera IgG titres at 7-months of age were lower than cord sera IgG titres for all S. pneumoniae antigens (p

Published
2022
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2. Sleep Disordered Breathing and Recurrent Tonsillitis Are Associated With Polymicrobial Bacterial Biofilm Infections Suggesting a Role for Anti-Biofilm Therapies

Author

Tulia Mateus, Elke J. Seppanen, Camilla de Gier, Sharon Clark, Harvey Coates, Shyan Vijayasekaran, Karen Prosser, Selma P. Wiertsema, Angela Fuery, Lea-Ann S. Kirkham, Peter C. Richmond, and Ruth B. Thornton

Subjects
pediatric sleep disordered breathing, recurrent tonsillitis, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, bacteria, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

BackgroundThe underlying pathogenesis of pediatric obstructive sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and recurrent tonsillitis (RT) are poorly understood but need to be elucidated to develop less invasive treatment and prevention strategies.MethodsChildren aged between 1- and 16-years undergoing adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy for SDB (n=40), RT alone (n=18), or both SDB and RT (SDB+RT) (n=17) were recruited with age-matched healthy controls (n=33). Total bacterial load and species-specific densities of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis were measured by qPCR in nasopharyngeal swabs, oropharyngeal swabs, adenoid and tonsillar tissue from children with SDB, SDB+RT and RT, and in naso- and oro- pharyngeal swabs from healthy children. A subset of tonsil biopsies were examined for biofilms using 16S rRNA FISH (n=3/group).ResultsThe 5 bacterial species were detected in naso- and oro- pharyngeal samples from all children. These species were frequently detected in adenotonsillar tissue (except S. aureus, which was absent in adenoids) from children with SDB, SDB+RT and RT. NTHi and S. aureus were observed in tonsils from 66.7-88.2% and 33.3-58.8% of children respectively. Similar total and species-specific bacterial densities were observed in adenotonsillar tissue from children with SDB, SDB+RT or RT. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were more likely to have multiple bacterial species co-detected than adenotonsillar tissue where one or two targeted species predominated. Polymicrobial biofilms and intracellular bacteria were observed in tonsils from children with adenotonsillar disease.ConclusionsAntimicrobials, particularly anti-biofilm therapies, may be a strategy for managing children with SDB.

Published
2022
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3. Bacterial Reservoirs in the Middle Ear of Otitis-prone Children Are Associated With Repeat Ventilation Tube Insertion

Author

Elke J. Seppanen, Harvey Coates, Karli J. Corscadden, Peter Richmond, Selma P. Wiertsema, Hannah J.D. North, Ruth B. Thornton, Peter Jacoby, Shyan Vijayasekaran, and Lea Ann S. Kirkham

Subjects
Male, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Ear, Middle, medicine.disease_cause, Haemophilus influenzae, Recurrence, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Ventilation tube, Humans, Medicine, Otitis Media with Effusion, business.industry, Infant, Odds ratio, Middle Ear Ventilation, Confidence interval, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Otitis Media, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Infectious Diseases, Otitis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Otorhinolaryngology, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Middle ear, Respiratory virus, Female, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND Repeat ventilation tube insertion (VTI) is common in children with recurrent acute otitis media (rAOM). Identifying risk factors associated with repeat surgery will improve clinical management and prevent repeat VTI. METHODS Surgical records were assessed at 8 years following VTI surgery for rAOM in children 6-36 months of age. Children were grouped according to detection of bacterial otopathogen in their middle ear effusion (MEE) at the time of VTI, and outcomes for future otorhinolaryngology surgery compared. RESULTS Age, gender, pneumococcal vaccination status, antibiotic usage, day-care attendance, number of siblings and number of AOM episodes were similar between groups. Of the 63 children who had PCR +ve MEE, 58.7% required repeat VTI compared with 31.4% of the 51 children with no otopathogen detected in their MEE (odds ratio = 3.1, 95% confidence interval [1.4-6.8]; P = 0.004). Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) was the predominant otopathogen in MEE (79% of all PCR +ve MEE). Respiratory virus detection was not associated with repeat VTI. CONCLUSIONS Presence of bacterial otopathogen, specifically nontypeable H. influenzae, in the middle ear during VTI was a predictor of children at-risk of repeat VTI. Here, we identify a modifiable microbiologic factor for repeat VTI that can be targeted to improve clinical management of rAOM.

Published
2020

4. Differences in Pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenzae Natural Antibody Development in Papua New Guinean Children in the First Year of Life

Author

Camilla de Gier, Lea Ann S. Kirkham, Elke J. Seppanen, Lauren O. Bakaletz, Ruth B. Thornton, Tilda Orami, Karli J. Corscadden, Anita H. J. van den Biggelaar, Mition Yoannes, Jacinta Francis, Peter Jacoby, Rebecca Ford, Peter Richmond, Caitlyn Granland, William Pomat, Tasmina Rahman, Deborah Lehmann, K. Martinovich, and Allan W. Cripps

Subjects
Male, Haemophilus Infections, Immunology, medicine.disease_cause, Pneumococcal Infections, protein IgG, Haemophilus influenzae, Pneumococcal Vaccines, Papua New Guinea, Antigen, Species Specificity, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Vaccine Development, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, natural antibody, Longitudinal Studies, Original Research, biology, business.industry, Infant, vaccines, RC581-607, medicine.disease, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), Antibodies, Bacterial, Titer, Carriage, Otitis, Child, Preschool, Immunoglobulin G, biology.protein, Linear Models, Female, medicine.symptom, Antibody, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, business, Meningitis, pneumococcus
Abstract

BackgroundDevelopment of vaccines to prevent disease and death from Streptococcus pneumoniae, and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), the main pathogens that cause otitis media, pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis, are a global priority. Children living in low and lower-middle income settings are at the highest risk of contracting and dying from these diseases. Improved vaccines with broader coverage are required. Data on the natural development of antibodies to putative vaccine antigens, especially in high-risk settings, can inform the rational selection of the best antigens for vaccine development.MethodsSerum IgG titres to four pneumococcal proteins (PspA1, PspA2, CbpA, and Ply) and five NTHi antigens (P4, P6, OMP26, rsPilA and ChimV4) were measured in sera collected from 101 Papua New Guinean children at 1, 4, 9, 10, 23 and 24 months of age using multiplexed bead-based immunoassays. Carriage density of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae were assessed by quantitative PCR on genomic DNA extracted from nasopharyngeal swabs using species-specific primers and probes. All data were log-transformed for analysis using Student’s unpaired t-tests with geometric mean titre (GMT) or density (GMD) calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsSerum -pneumococcal protein-specific IgG titres followed a “U” shaped pattern, with a decrease in presumably maternally-derived IgG titres between 1 and 4 months of age and returning to similar levels as those measured at 1 month of age by 24 months of age. In contrast, NTHi protein-specific IgG titres steadily increased with age. There was no correlation between antibody titres and carriage density for either pathogen.ConclusionThis longitudinal study indicates that the waning of maternally- derived antibodies that is usually observed in infants, after infants does not occur for NTHi antigens in Papua New Guinean infants. Whether NTHi antigen IgG can be transferred maternally remains to be determined. Vaccines that are designed to specifically increase the presence of protective NTHi antibodies in the first few months of life may be most effective in reducing NTHi disease.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier NCT01619462.

Published
2021

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