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Background: The incidence of female stroke has increased gradually and has begun occurring at a younger age in recent years. Given that women live longer than men, stroke would cause more negative and longer-term impacts on the rest of the lives of women. There are few related studies on Asian women. We aimed to evaluate stroke risk in Asian women following hypertensive pregnancy disorders., Methods: Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance database, we designed a retrospective study that included pregnant women between 2000 and 2013. We selected an age-matched control group of women without hypertensive pregnancy disorders at a 1:3 ratio. The endpoint was any episode of stroke; otherwise, the patients were tracked until December 31, 2013. After the index date until the end of 2013, Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to compare the risk of incident stroke. The risk factors for stroke were determined using Cox proportional regression to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) compared with the control group., Results: During the follow-up period, the Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients with hypertensive pregnancy disorders had a significantly higher risk of developing stroke than did patients without hypertensive pregnancy disorders (log-rank test P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that the case group had a 2.134-fold increased risk of stroke (HR = 2.134; 95% CI = 1.817-2.505; P < 0.001)., Conclusion: Our study provided evidence of an increased risk of stroke in patients with hypertensive pregnancy disorders. Compared with those without such disorders, the patients who had experienced the disorders had a 2.134-fold (P < 0.001) higher risk of developing stroke in the future.

Background: Dysmenorrhea and stroke are health problems affecting women worldwide in their day-to-day lives; however, there is limited knowledge of the stroke risk in women with dysmenorrhea, and there have been no studies assessing the specific distribution of stroke subtypes. This case-control study assessed stroke subtypes by age and the role of comorbidities in women with dysmenorrhea. Methods and findings: Data obtained between 1997 and 2013 from Taiwan's health insurance database identified 514 stroke cases and 31,201 non-stroke controls in women with dysmenorrhea aged 15–49 years. Proportional distributions of subtypes and odds ratios (ORs) of stroke associated with comorbidities by age and subtype were measured. We found that the stroke risk in dysmenorrheal patients increased with age, and that hypertension was nine-fold more prevalent in the stroke cases than in the controls and was associated with an adjusted OR of 4.53 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.46–5.92) for all stroke cases. Moreover, the proportion of hemorrhagic stroke was greater than that of ischemic stroke in younger dysmenorrheal patients between 15–24 years old (50.5% vs. 11.4%), whereas this was reversed in those aged 30–49 years old (16.1% vs. 21.0%). Overall, 25.3% of the stroke cases consisted of transient cerebral ischemia and 31.3% were other acute but ill-defined cerebrovascular diseases, in which the prevalence increased with age for both types of strokes. Hypertension was the comorbidity with the highest OR associated with each subtype stroke; diabetes, hyperlipidemia, arrhythmia, and thyroid disease were also comorbidities that were significantly associated with ill-defined cerebrovascular diseases. Conclusions: The stroke type varies by age in dysmenorrheal patients, and hypertension is the most important comorbidity associated with all types of stroke; therefore, more attention for stroke prevention must be paid to women with dysmenorrhea, particularly when combined with comorbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]