1. Evaluation of associations between estimates of particulate matter exposure and new onset type 2 diabetes in the REGARDS cohort.
- Author
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McAlexander TP, De Silva SSA, Meeker MA, Long DL, and McClure LA
- Subjects
- Cities, Cohort Studies, Environmental Exposure adverse effects, Environmental Exposure analysis, Humans, Particulate Matter adverse effects, Particulate Matter analysis, Air Pollutants adverse effects, Air Pollutants analysis, Air Pollution adverse effects, Air Pollution analysis, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 epidemiology, Stroke
- Abstract
Background: Studies of PM
2.5 and type 2 diabetes employ differing methods for exposure assignment, which could explain inconsistencies in this growing literature. We hypothesized associations between PM2.5 and new onset type 2 diabetes would differ by PM2.5 exposure data source, duration, and community type., Methods: We identified participants of the US-based REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort who were free of diabetes at baseline (2003-2007); were geocoded at their residence; and had follow-up diabetes information. We assigned PM2.5 exposure estimates to participants for periods of 1 year prior to baseline using three data sources, and 2 years prior to baseline for two of these data sources. We evaluated adjusted odds of new onset diabetes per 5 µg/m3 increases in PM2.5 using generalized estimating equations with a binomial distribution and logit link, stratified by community type., Results: Among 11,208 participants, 1,409 (12.6%) had diabetes at follow-up. We observed no associations between PM2.5 and diabetes in higher and lower density urban communities, but within suburban/small town and rural communities, increases of 5 µg/m3 PM2.5 for 2 years (Downscaler model) were associated with diabetes (OR [95% CI] = 1.65 [1.09, 2.51], 1.56 [1.03, 2.36], respectively). Associations were consistent in direction and magnitude for all three PM2.5 sources evaluated., Significance: 1- and 2-year durations of PM2.5 exposure estimates were associated with higher odds of incident diabetes in suburban/small town and rural communities, regardless of exposure data source. Associations within urban communities might be obfuscated by place-based confounding., (© 2021. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2022
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