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2. Green Paper-based Piezoelectric Material for Sensors and Actuators.

Author

Lemaire, E., Moser, R., Borsa, C.J., Shea, H., and Briand, D.

Subjects
PIEZOELECTRIC materials, ACTUATOR design & construction, FABRICATION (Manufacturing), STRUCTURAL engineering, ROCHELLE salt
Abstract

In this work, the fabrication of Rochelle salt based piezoelectric structures is illustrated. Structures composed of paper and Rochelle salt are easily manufactured using simple processes. Both manufacturing and the material itself are environmental friendly. Additionally Rochelle salt is biocompatible. In the paradigm of a cleaner piezoelectric technology, the fabrication of active sensing or actuating devices is developed. Thus processing method, material and piezoelectric properties have been studied: (1) pure crystals are used as acoustic actuator, (2) properties of paper impregnated with Rochelle salt are detailed, (3) charge generation is demonstrated on the impregnated material. Actuating and sensing devices are reported in order to highlight the potential of this green piezoelectric material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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3. Structural analysis for the knowledge management domain.

Author

Atzenbeck, Claus and Nürnberg, Peter J.

Subjects
*KNOWLEDGE management, *COMPUTER software, *STRUCTURAL engineering, *LATTICE theory, *COMPUTER systems, *KNOWLEDGE workers, *DATA mining, *MANAGEMENT information systems, *INFORMATION technology, *INFORMATION resources management
Abstract

Structural computing represents a form of hypertext, in which structure is foregrounded in the analysis, design and implementation of systems. Until now, the vast majority of structural computing work has focused on the implementation of frameworks. The applications implemented in these environments are often reimplementations of existing hypertext applications, intended to show the utility of the provided environments in terms of implementation, interoperability, or other metrics. Often, spatial hypertext applications are reimplemented, since they are seen as particularly good tests of structural computing infrastructures. This is because the demonds they pose are quite different from many other types of hypertext applications. However, structural computing researchers have failed to reanalyse and redesign these applications in a structurally-aware way. There are substantial improvements that result from rethinking such applications from a structure-first perspective. In this paper, we present such a reanalysis, and describe its implications for spatial hypertext within structural computing environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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4. Tearing test for paper using a tensile tester

Author

Atsushi Tanaka and Tatsuo Yamauchi

Subjects
Paper, Tear resistance, Engineering, Softwood, business.industry, Elmendorf tear, Structural engineering, eye diseases, Biomaterials, Fracture, stomatognathic system, Tearing, Thermography, Ultimate tensile strength, Tearing test, sense organs, Composite material, Test methods, business, Tensile testing
Abstract

As a simulation of the Elmendorf tearing test, a tearing test method using a tensile tester was proposed with the same mode of fracture, mode III. Tear indices by both tests were highly correlated for various machine-made papers and laboratory handsheets. The relation between tensile strength and tear strength using the tensile tester was similar to that between tensile and Elmendorf tear strengths in single-ply mode for both softwood and hardwood pulp sheets. The proposed tearing test is convenient especially for imaging techniques such as thermography, and can help give new insights into the tearing process of paper.

Published
2002

5. Assessing modulus of elasticity of wood-fiber cement (WFC) sheets using nondestructive evaluation (NDE)

Author

Al Moslemi and Divino Eterno Teixeira

Subjects
Paper, Conservation of Natural Resources, Hot Temperature, Time Factors, Environmental Engineering, Materials science, Correlation coefficient, Statistics as Topic, Bioengineering, Young's modulus, Fiberboard, symbols.namesake, Flexural strength, Predictive Value of Tests, Tensile Strength, Nondestructive testing, Fiber, Waste Management and Disposal, Elastic modulus, Cement, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Temperature, Humidity, General Medicine, Structural engineering, Models, Theoretical, Wood, Elasticity, visual_art, symbols, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Regression Analysis, Stress, Mechanical, business
Abstract

This study evaluates whether the mechanical properties of modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of wood-fiber cement (WFC) sheets are correlated with the nondestructive parameters of stress wave velocity and density of the material. Longitudinal stress wave technique was used to evaluate WFC nondestructively using a total of 117 specimens (measuring each 241 x 51 mm) obtained from 39 WFC sheets. The aim was to establish the correlation between dynamic versus static MOE of the material for predicting the actual mechanical property. Even though short dimension specimens were used, results obtained were encouraging. A correlation coefficient (R) of 0.828 was found when the static MOE of the material was used as a function of nondestructive parameters. A multivariate linear regression analysis using the specimen's density, wave velocity, and dynamic MOE provided the strongest correlation to the static MOE. The correlation observed for MOR as a function of static MOE is within the normal range obtained for wood composites. A nondestructive evaluation (NDE) using full size WFC sheets is recommended and can probably improve the relationship between the static and the predicted MOE.

Published
2001

6. A House Made From Paper.

Author

Burmeier, Beverly

Subjects
*SUSTAINABLE buildings, *WASTE recycling, *PAPER, *SUSTAINABLE development, *CONSTRUCTION materials, *CONSTRUCTION costs, *STRUCTURAL engineering, *ENVIRONMENTAL protection, *ENVIRONMENTALISM
Abstract

The article discusses the issue of sustainable buildings. Now people can live in a paper house that is so strong even stones would not make a dent. Researchers Kate Thayer and Clyde Curry of Marathon, Texas tell several advantages of building with recycled paper. For the past four years they have been testing and building with various forms of papercrete, manageable-sized bricks made of recycled paper products and Portland cement. With readily available raw materials and short construction times, interest is growing in the concept of turning trash paper and cardboard into inexpensive houses that are strong, well insulated and easily built. Papercrete provides strength without the weight of concrete, making it an ideal material for building arches, domes and vaulted ceilings. Construction costs with papercrete are estimated at 20 to 30 percent less than conventional housing. Scan Sands built his ecologically responsible home in Columbus, New Mexico with $500 in materials. Papercrete structures also require only 50 percent of the energy needed to heat and cool conventional buildings.

Published
2006