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2. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among Beninese pregnant women in the third year of the pandemic

Author

Antía Figueroa-Romero, Aurore Atchadé, Anges Yadouleton, Marc Fiogbe, Emmanuel Bonnet, Emmanuel Yovo, Manfred Accrombessi, Sandrine Hounsa, Thierry Paper, Raphael Dupont, Jean Gaudart, Jean-Yves Le Hesran, Achille Massougbodji, Gilles Cottrell, and Raquel González

Subjects
Pregnancy, SARS-CoV-2, Sub-saharan Africa, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Pregnant women are a vulnerable population to COVID-19 given an increased susceptibility to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and pregnancy complications. However, few SARS-CoV-2 serological surveys have been performed among this population to assess the extent of the infection in sub-Saharan countries. The objectives of this study were to determine SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among Beninese pregnant women, to identify spatial seropositivity clusters and to analyse factors associated with the infection. Methods A cross-sectional study including women in their third trimester of pregnancy attending the antenatal care (ANC) clinics at Allada (south Benin) and Natitingou (north Benin) was conducted. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) for detection of IgG/IgM against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were performed using capillary blood. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and associations between SARS-CoV-2 serostatus and maternal characteristics were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Spatial analyses were performed using the spatial scan statistics to identify spatial clusters of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results A total of 861 pregnant women were enrolled between May 4 and June 29, 2022. 58/861 (6.7%) participants reported having received COVID-19 vaccine. None of the participants had been diagnosed with COVID-19 during their pregnancy. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 607/802 (75.7%; 95% CI 72.56%–78.62%) of unvaccinated participants. Several urban and rural spatial clusters of SARS-CoV-2 cases were identified in Allada and one urban spatial cluster was identified in Natitingou. Unvaccinated participants from Allada with at least one previous morbidity were at a three-times higher risk of presenting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (OR = 2.89; 95%CI 1.19%-7.00%). Conclusion Three out of four pregnant women had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, suggesting a high virus circulation among pregnant women in Benin, while COVID-19 vaccination coverage was low. Pregnant women with comorbidities may be at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This population should be prioritized for COVID-19 diagnosis and vaccination in order to prevent its deleterious effects. Trial registration NCT06170320 (retrospectively registered on December 21, 2023).

Published
2024
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3. Temporal Patterns of Influenza A and B in Tropical and Temperate Countries: What Are the Lessons for Influenza Vaccination?

Author

Marietjie Venter, Juan Yang, Simona Puzelli, Antonino Bella, Joshua A. Mott, Rodrigo Fasce, Coulibaly Daouda, Jenny Lara, Hongjie Yu, Winston Andrade, Selim Badur, Cláudio Maierovitch Pessanha Henriques, François G. Schellevis, Jean-Michel Heraud, Akerke Ospanova, Sonam Wangchuk, Brechla Moreno, Herve A. Kadjo, Raymond T. P. Lin, Juan Manuel Rudi, Walquiria Aparecida Ferreira de Almeida, Gabriela Kusznierz, Joseph S. Bresee, Cheryl Cohen, Mai thi Quynh Le, Rhonda Owen, Maria Zambon, Maria Luisa Matute, Kunzang Dorji, Kate Pennington, Global Influenza B Study, Herman Kosasih, Nurhayati, Alla Mironenko, Ming Li, Angel Balmaseda, Alexey Clara, Alfredo Bruno, Richard Njouom, Phuong Vu Mai Hoang, Ana Paula Rodrigues, Celina de Lozano, Luzhao Feng, Olha Holubka, Amal Barakat, Lyazzat Kiyanbekova, Norosoa Harline Razanajatovo, Saverio Caini, Meral Akcay Ciblak, Raquel Guiomar, Richard Pebody, Leticia Castillo, Gideon O. Emukule, Liza Lopez, Doménica de Mora, Jeffery Cutter, Q. Sue Huang, Marie-Astrid Vernet, Abderrahman Bimohuen, John Paget, Lynnette Brammer, General practice, EMGO - Quality of care, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile (ISP), Istanbul University, Ministry of Health [Nicaragua] (MINSA), Ministry of Health [Morocco], Istituto Superiore di Sanita [Rome], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública [Guayaquil, Ecuador] (INSPI), Ministerio de Salud Publica y Asistencia Social [Guatemala] (MSPAS), US Centers for Disease Control, University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Ministry of Health, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador (MINSAL), Ministry of Health [Bhoutan], US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Instituto nacional de saude, Unité de Virologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR), Astana Center of Sanitary Epidemiology Expertise, US Naval Medical Research Unit n°2, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias 'Dr. Emilio Coni', Ministry of Health [Costa Rica], National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology [Hanoi, Vietnam] (NIHE), Ministry of Health [Honduras] (SESAL), National Influenza Center, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Office of Health Protection, Woden, ACT, Australia (DHAISS), Public Health England [London], National Institute of Health, University of Pretoria [South Africa], The Global Influenza B Study is supported by an unrestricted research grant from Sanofi Pasteur. The study sponsor had no role in the design of the study, in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report, and and in the decision to submit the paper for publication. The corresponding author had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. The study sponsor had no access to the data in the study.

Subjects
Infecções Respiratórias, Influenza Viruses, Epidemiology, Gripe, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geographical locations, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, DRIVERS, Estados de Saúde, Public and Occupational Health, SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, lcsh:Science, MESH: Influenza B virus, Northern Hemisphere, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Geography, MESH: Influenza, Human, Vaccination, virus diseases, 3. Good health, Global Influenza B Study, MESH: Tropical Climate, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Immunology, Disease Surveillance, SEASONAL INFLUENZA, Microbiology, Influenza Vaccin, 03 medical and health sciences, Influenza Vaccination, SURVEILLANCE, Humans, Microbial Pathogens, Retrospective Studies, MESH: Humans, Science & Technology, lcsh:R, Organisms, Correction, Influenza a, MESH: Retrospective Studies, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, medicine.disease, Virology, Influenza, MADAGASCAR, lcsh:Q, Preventive Medicine, People and places, Demography, RNA viruses, Viral Diseases, lcsh:Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Tropical climate, Medicine and Health Sciences, Influenza A virus, 030212 general & internal medicine, Multidisciplinary, Medical microbiology, Vaccination and Immunization, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Viruses, Human mortality from H5N1, Southern Hemisphere, Seasons, Pathogens, Brazil, Research Article, Infectious Disease Control, General Science & Technology, 030231 tropical medicine, MESH: Influenza A virus, Healthcare improvement science Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 18], MD Multidisciplinary, Influenza, Human, Temperate climate, medicine, Tropical Climate, Biology and life sciences, business.industry, Other Research Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 0], Viral pathogens, Tropics, MESH: Vaccination, South America, Seasonality, Earth sciences, Influenza B virus, Infectious Disease Surveillance, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Geographic areas, MESH: Seasons, Orthomyxoviruses
Abstract

Erratum in - Correction: Temporal Patterns of Influenza A and B in Tropical and Temperate Countries: What Are the Lessons for Influenza Vaccination? PLoS One. 2016 May 2;11(5):e0155089. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155089. Introduction: Determining the optimal time to vaccinate is important for influenza vaccination programmes. Here, we assessed the temporal characteristics of influenza epidemics in the Northern and Southern hemispheres and in the tropics, and discuss their implications for vaccination programmes. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of surveillance data between 2000 and 2014 from the Global Influenza B Study database. The seasonal peak of influenza was defined as the week with the most reported cases (overall, A, and B) in the season. The duration of seasonal activity was assessed using the maximum proportion of influenza cases during three consecutive months and the minimum number of months with 80% of cases in the season. We also assessed whether co-circulation of A and B virus types affected the duration of influenza epidemics. Results: 212 influenza seasons and 571,907 cases were included from 30 countries. In tropical countries, the seasonal influenza activity lasted longer and the peaks of influenza A and B coincided less frequently than in temperate countries. Temporal characteristics of influenza epidemics were heterogeneous in the tropics, with distinct seasonal epidemics observed only in some countries. Seasons with co-circulation of influenza A and B were longer than influenza A seasons, especially in the tropics. Discussion: Our findings show that influenza seasonality is less well defined in the tropics than in temperate regions. This has important implications for vaccination programmes in these countries. High-quality influenza surveillance systems are needed in the tropics to enable decisions about when to vaccinate. The Global Influenza B Study is supported by an unrestricted research grant from Sanofi Pasteur. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2016