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2. Barriers of growth within an informal sector business: narratives of women subsistence entrepreneurs in South Africa
- Author
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Shava, Herring and Chinyamurindi, Willie
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Empowering subsistence women entrepreneurs in India : Insights from Lijjat, Mulukanoor and MPWPCL
- Author
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Saripalli, Bhavani Shankar, Chawan, Vinaysingh, and Gunta, Srinivas
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The Paper on Understanding the Subsistence Manner on the Transition of Neolithic and Eneolithic Age (a Comparative Study between the Western Culture Complex and Regions of Bohemia and Moravia)
- Author
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Mattová, Sabina, Popelka, Miroslav, Neustupný, Evžen, and John, Jan
- Subjects
material culture ,lov a sběr ,natural conditions ,agriculture ,archeobotanika ,eneolithic ,collecting and hunting activity ,zvýšený podíl lovné zvěře ,hmotná kultura ,comparative analysis ,subsisence ,nutrition ,neolithic ,subsistence ,archaeobotanics ,nákolí ,obživa ,high numbers of wild animals ,neolit ,zemědělství ,eneolit ,pile dwelling settlements ,přírodní prostředí ,archaeozoology ,komparativní analýza ,archeozoologie - Abstract
The study presented deals with the phenomenon of increased hunting activity on the transition of the Neolithic and Eneolithic Age, the reasons of which have been so far investigated only in regard to environmental conditions of locations. The phenomenon is observed on locations of a wide area of Middle Europe. Nevertheless, there exist locations with prevailing agricultural economy. On the basis of a detailed comparative analysis of the material culture of the Western culture circle and Bohemia and Moravia, the study aims to trace the reflection of the phenomenon in archaeological materials - differences between locations with predominant domestic sources, and locations with predominant wild sources. Alongside, the study deals with a possible environmental impact on increasing hunting tendencies. In order to created a database, a detailed catalogue of locations has been compiled. The catalogue holds the most essential information on material culture with regard to expected agricultural manners. The catalogue also serves as a clue for setting particular indicators of the database, the purpose of which is to organise the data in a comparable form. Subsequently, a descriptive database has been compiled. The database traces the reflection of agricultural base of the individual locations. By means of a...
- Published
- 2012
5. Satisfaction level and competitiveness in subsistence small businesses
- Author
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Jardón, Carlos M.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Place-based competitiveness in subsistence small businesses
- Author
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Jardón, Carlos M. and Tañski, Nilda C.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Regional Imbalances, Horizontal Inequalities, and Violent Conflicts : Insights from Four West African Countries
- Author
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Langer, Arnim and Stewart, Frances
- Subjects
REDUCTION IN POVERTY ,COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE ,CHILD HEALTH ,REGIONAL INCOME ,REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT “PLAN ,CONTRACEPTION ,CENTRAL REGION ,REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT GOALS ,REGIONAL CONFLICTS ,SUBSISTENCE ,RELIGIOUS DIFFERENCES ,POPULATION ,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ,RURAL ECONOMY ,WOMEN ,POLITICAL POWER ,POVERTY RATES ,MALNUTRITION ,CENTRAL REGIONS ,REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION ,POVERTY ,ABSOLUTE TERMS ,CASH INCOME ,DELTA REGION ,SPATIAL INEQUALITY ,POPULATIONS ,WAR ,ETHNIC CONFLICT ,LACK OF EDUCATION ,LIVING STANDARDS ,PRODUCTION OF CASH CROPS ,ETHNIC GROUPS ,REGIONAL PLANS ,POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY PAPERS ,LAND OWNERSHIP ,POLITICAL TURMOIL ,REGIONAL DIFFERENCES ,POPULATION CENSUS ,MEDICAL SERVICES ,SANITATION ,CASH CROPS ,COMMERCIAL CROPS ,OIL- PRODUCING REGION ,ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY ,SOCIAL INEQUALITIES ,OIL-PRODUCING REGIONS ,REGIONAL TARGETS ,INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS ,SUBSISTENCE CROPS ,INCOME INEQUALITY ,MORTALITY ,CONSUMPTION ,POVERTY REDUCTION ,REGIONAL DIMENSION ,REGIONAL OUTPUT ,REGIONAL LEVEL ,HUMAN RIGHTS ,INFANT ,POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY PAPER ,CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE ,DECLINE IN POVERTY ,INFANT MORTALITY ,MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,REGIONAL BALANCE ,POVERTY TARGET ,SOCIOECONOMIC INEQUALITIES ,POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY ,IRRIGATION ,DEVELOPMENT GOALS ,CORE REGION ,REGIONAL IMPACT ,REGIONAL DISPARITIES ,INTERNAL MIGRATION ,REGIONAL LOCATION ,HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ,NATIONAL POVERTY ,MINISTRY OF HEALTH ,REGIONAL INEQUALITY ,FOOD SECURITY ,POLICIES ,REGIONALISM ,POLICY ,REGIONS ,FAMILY PLANNING ,FORMAL EDUCATION ,ETHNIC GROUP ,DISADVANTAGED GROUPS ,POOR COMMUNITIES ,NUTRITION ,RESPECT ,REGIONAL POVERTY ,REGIONAL INEQUALITIES ,REGIONAL IMBALANCES ,NOMADIC POPULATIONS ,INCIDENCE OF POVERTY ,MIGRATION ,SOCIAL PROTECTION ,LAND RIGHTS ,AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT ,REGIONAL ASPECTS ,REGION ,FOOD AID ,DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ,INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION ,CHILD MORTALITY RATES ,REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,REGIONAL DIFFERENTIALS ,REGIONAL POLITICS ,ACCESS TO JOBS ,POVERTY LEVELS ,COASTAL REGION ,REGIONAL TERMS ,HOUSING ,MORTALITY RATE ,REGIONAL INCOME INEQUALITIES ,AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES ,POPULATION CENSUSES ,SOCIAL CAPITAL ,REGIONAL DIMENSIONS ,REGIONAL POLICIES ,POPULATION DENSITY ,REGIONAL DISPARITY ,URBAN AREAS ,CHILD MORTALITY ,SCHOOLING ,POVERTY RATE - Abstract
Horizontal inequalities (HIs) within a country, or inequalities among groups, have been shown to be an important source of violent conflict. Relevant group categorizations include religion, ethnicity, and region. HIs can also be measured in different ways. Ethnicity, language, religion, race, and region are examples of potentially relevant and salient group categorizations. In this paper the authors will review the prevailing HIs and their management in four West African countries - Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, and Nigeria. The report provides some basic facts about these four countries, which vary greatly in area, per capita income, poverty, child mortality rates, and other features. In terms of ethnoreligious demography, it is important to note that all four countries have a highly diverse ethnic population, and three of the four (Ghana, Nigeria, and Cote d’Ivoire) have substantial Christian and Muslim populations. Each of the case study countries has had a relatively turbulent and complex political history in recent decades. The four case study countries present instructive examples of the possible (mis)management of HIs. In this paper the authors analyze the evolution and management of the prevailing HIs in each of the four cases. Section one gives introduction. Section two presents evidence on the evolution and current state of HIs in each country. Section three analyzes the main causes of the prevailing HIs, while section four focuses on the governments’ attitudes, policies, and measures toward HIs. Section five discusses the links between the HIs observed and the political outcomes. Section six draws some conclusions and makes policy recommendations for improved management of HIs in multiethnic developing countries generally, and specifically in four case study countries.
- Published
- 2015
8. Millî Mücadele’nin Güney Cephesi’nde İaşe ve İkmâl Faaliyetleri.
- Author
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ŞAVKILI, Cengiz and AYDIN, Tülay
- Abstract
Copyright of Selçuk University Journal of Studies in Turcology / Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Turkiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. IS DOOMSDAY APPROACHING? A CRITIQUE OF MALTHUS.
- Author
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Heavey, Katharine and Block, Walter E.
- Subjects
OVERPOPULATION ,MALTHUSIANISM ,MINIMUM wage ,STANDARD of living ,TECHNOLOGICAL progress - Abstract
This paper discusses the pervasive arguments that overpopulation and dwindling resources have already doomed humanity or will soon do so. These Malthusian arguments take on many forms but are primarily concerned with increasing populations and limited resources. We evaluate these Malthusian theories both in their original conception and modern applications to examine their logic and appeal, as well as their flaws. We also examine historical evidence such as technology, the effect of the Black Death, and the existence of art to assess the strength of this argument. The thesis of this paper is that Malthusian economics is based on fundamentally flawed logic supported not by evidence but by existential anxiety. What are the specifics? They are that in the view of this famous economist, agricultural products can only increase in arithmetic progression, while the population is not so limited; it can expand geometrically. How will the gap between these two series be reconciled, given that there will be a food shortage? In Malthus’ view, the reconciliation will include war, famine, and disease, unless people can be led to have fewer children, a strategy he had little faith in. The present paper attempts to demonstrate the flaws in his analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Hominin adaptations in the Lesser Sunda Islands: exploring the vertebrate record to investigate fauna diversity before, during and after the Last Glacial Maximum.
- Author
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Samper Carro, Sofia C.
- Subjects
LAST Glacial Maximum ,ZOOARCHAEOLOGY ,VERTEBRATES ,ISLANDS ,RESOURCE exploitation - Abstract
This paper reviews the available vertebrate record from the Lesser Sunda Islands to explore the effect the Last Glacial Maximum had on human subsistence strategies. By focusing on vertebrate assemblages from Laili and Matja Kuru 2 in Timor Leste, Tron Bon Lei in Alor Island, and Here Sorot Entapa in Kisar, this paper investigates biodiversity and resource availability in these nearby islands through the application of standardising indices and statistical testing. Results indicate that vertebrate biodiversity remained fairly stable through and after the Last Glacial Maximum, suggesting that in terms of available mammals, birds and reptiles, this period did not led to severe resource depletion. Hence, potential variations in human subsistence practices or occupation dynamics might not be due to changes in vertebrate diversity. As such, this analysis contributes to investigating anatomically modern humans' subsistence adaptation in the Lesser Sunda Islands pre- and post-Last Glacial Maximum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Alaska Native Subsistence Rights: Taking an Anti-Racist Decolonizing Approach to Land Management and Ownership for Our Children and Generations to Come.
- Author
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Gordon, Heather Sauyaq Jean
- Subjects
FOOD sovereignty ,ALASKA Natives ,INDIGENOUS rights ,LAND management ,LAND tenure ,INDIGENOUS children ,ANTI-racism - Abstract
The colonization of Indigenous Peoples in Alaska was based on racism and founded the current systemic racism, discrimination, and marginalization they experience today. Land stewardship was in the hands of Indigenous Peoples, and through colonization their land and rights to steward that land were taken away. This paper is based on a participatory research project conducted in partnership with the Ninilchik Village Tribe (NVT) in Alaska utilizing ethnographic futures research scenario storytelling through Indigenous methodologies. Scenario interviews with community members explored land-based understandings of Indigenous sustainability and the roles that subsistence, food security, and food sovereignty have in maintaining sustainability and cultural continuity for children in the future. Due to state and federal land and water management practices, Alaska Natives are limited in their abilities to practice subsistence and steward their lands. An anti-racist approach to decolonizing land management and ownership is key to Alaska Natives regaining control of their subsistence rights for food security and cultural continuity for future generations. This paper speaks to policy makers, explaining the current racist and colonial situation and suggests an antiracist and decolonizing path forward through respecting Tribal sovereignty, prioritizing Indigenous-led stewardship, and giving land back to the Alaska Native Tribal Nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. New evidence on the subsistence of Middle Paleolithic from Tongtian cave, Northwestern China.
- Author
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Tongli, Qu and Jianjun, Yu
- Abstract
This paper presents taphonomic and zooarchaeological analysis of the late Middle Paleolithic occupation layers at Tongtian cave in Xinjiang, northwestern China. The taphonomic history reflects that human and animals shared the cave and human occupations were short in duration. Hominids subsisted mainly on large game, but hunting target was comparatively broader with inclusion of small fauna. The subsistence strategy was suitable for small populations living with a higher mobility in the high-elevation mountainous environment. This work suggests a “broader-diet” strategy in the Middle Paleolithic before the emergence of modern humans, which is yet different with the broad-spectrum economy in the (late) Upper Paleolithic, and reveals an adaptive variety in northwestern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Interdisciplinary analyses of the remains from three gallery graves at Kinnekulle: tracing Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age societies in inland Southwestern Sweden.
- Author
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Blank, Malou, Tornberg, Anna, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, Knipper, Corina, Frei, Karin M, Malmström, Helena, Fraser, Magdalena, and Storå, Jan
- Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the Scandinavian Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age of Kinnekulle in southwestern Sweden. The above-mentioned periods in the study area are poorly understood and the archaeological record consists of a few stray finds and a concentration of 20 gallery graves. This study focuses on three of the gallery graves where commingled skeletons from successive burials were recovered. The human remains and the artefacts from the graves were used for discussing individual life stories as well as living societies with the aim of gaining new knowledge of the last part of the Neolithic and the beginning of the Early Bronze Age in southwestern Sweden. We focused on questions concerning health and trauma, mobility and exchange networks, and diet and subsistence of the people using the graves. Chronological, bioarchaeological, and biomolecular aspects of the burials were approached through the application of archaeological and osteological studies, as well as stable isotope, strontium isotope, radiocarbon, and mtDNA analyses. The study provides evidence for high mobility and diverse diets, as well as inhumations primarily dated to the transition between the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age. We suggest that the mountain plateau of Kinnekulle was mainly reserved for the dead, while the people lived in agriculture-based groups in the surrounding lower lying regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Non-Timber Forest Products: Small Matters, Big Significance, and the Complexity of Reaching a Workable Definition for Sustainability
- Author
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Delgado, Tzitzi Sharhí, McCall, Michael K., and López-Binnqüist, Citlalli
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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15. A microeconomic analysis of subsistence
- Author
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Mitra, Manipushpak and Sen, Debapriya
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Testing a model to assess women’s inclusion and participation in community-based resource management in Solomon Islands
- Author
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Rabbitt, Sheridan, Tibbetts, Ian R., Albert, Simon, and Lilley, Ian
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. 'A person like me': identity narratives, dual process theories, and subsistence related decision-making among young people experiencing homelessness.
- Author
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Frederick, Tyler
- Subjects
HOMELESS youth ,HOMELESSNESS ,YOUNG adults ,IDENTITY (Psychology) ,DECISION making ,NARRATIVES - Abstract
Drawing on 39 in-depth interviews with young people experiencing homelessness in a large Canadian city this paper explores the identity processes at the heart of how young people make decisions about getting by on the street. The paper integrates insights from cognitive sociology and narrative theories of identity to highlight an active, complex, and socially situated decision-making process. In particular, it explores the role played by three types of dispositional processes identified in the dual process and cognitive sociology literature: cultured capacities, dispositions, and cultural scripts. The analysis shows how the young people in the sample used their identity narratives to engage with and underwrite these dispositional influences and connect them back to an internalized sense of self. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. RECONSTRUCŢIA LOGICII CLASICE LA ALEXANDRU SURDU (III). TEORIA NOŢIUNII (II).
- Author
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NICOLAU, ŞERBAN N.
- Abstract
The paper goes on with the presentation of Alexandru Surdu’s reconstruction of the theory of notion from classical logic by means of analyzing the relation between notion and word and showing the double subsistence of notion, its double partn the conventional character terms, and the relation among words and notion as definition and, on the other hand, by exposing notion as mediation between word and object through the three hypostases of the word – uttering, denomination, and name. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
19. Ocupaciones humanas en un ambiente lagunar del oeste del área Interserrana: Sitio Laguna del Indio.
- Author
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Vecchi, Rodrigo, Stoessel, Luciana, and Vaz, Erika Borges
- Subjects
PLANNED communities ,FUNCTION spaces ,HOUSING development ,RADIOCARBON dating ,SURFACES (Technology) ,ARCHAEOLOGICAL assemblages ,POTSHERDS - Abstract
Copyright of Intersecciones en Antropología is the property of Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. The Negev in the Intermediate Bronze Age: Questions of Subsistence, Trade, and Status.
- Author
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Cohen, Susan L.
- Subjects
BRONZE Age ,GROUP identity ,ECONOMIC systems ,SOCIAL systems ,ECONOMIC development ,HUNTER-gatherer societies - Abstract
The northern Negev—a region both geographically peripheral and environmentally marginal for human habitation—experienced increased settlement and activity in the Intermediate Bronze Age in the southern Levant (ca. 2500–2000/1950 BCE). Most interpretations link this phenomenon with Egyptian demand for copper and the accompanying development of trade networks that transported this valuable resource. However, the function of these networks, the subsistence of the peoples who operated them, and the social and economic systems that supported them remain unclear. This paper examines the means of subsistence and sustenance of the populations of these sites in the northern Negev, together with their role in supporting connections between Egypt and the southern Levant, and suggests that while their location may have been marginal, their identity and role in the social and economic system of the Intermediate Bronze Age southern Levant was not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Crop diversification, impulsivity, and resilience in Ethiopia.
- Author
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Oh, Hyunjyung, Quinlan, Robert, and Yoder, Jonathan
- Subjects
CROP diversification ,IMPULSIVE personality ,CROP losses ,ANIMAL health ,LIVESTOCK losses - Abstract
A person's characteristics, self‐perception, and subjective assessment of their environment affect economic decisions and outcomes. This paper explores how crop diversification and crop choice among subsistence farmers in Ethiopia are related to self‐perceptions of impulsivity and resilience to crisis. Our examination is based on statistical regression methods applied to a sample of 315 households in the Sidama Region who rely on crops and livestock for a substantial proportion of their real income, and many of whom reported significant crises in the form of crop or livestock loss and health problems or death in the family. Despite widespread recognition of the benefits of crop diversification as a risk management strategy, our results suggest that monoculture tends to be more strongly associated with self‐reported resilience. Moreover, our findings suggest that the interaction of household head's impulsivity and monoculture cropping positively affects self‐perceived resilience when they cultivate high‐risk, high‐return crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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22. Towards a Jōmon food database: construction, analysis and implications for Hokkaido and the Ryukyu Islands, Japan.
- Author
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Komatsu, Aya, Cooper, Elisabeth J., Alsos, Inger G., and Brown, Antony G.
- Subjects
DATABASES ,ETHNOARCHAEOLOGY ,NUTRITIONAL requirements ,ANTHROPOLOGY ,ISLANDS ,AGRICULTURAL scientists - Abstract
One of the most entrenched binary oppositions in archaeology and anthropology has been the agriculturalist vs hunter-gatherer-fisher dichotomy fuelling a debate that this paper tackles from the bottom-up by seeking to reconstruct full past diets. The Japanese prehistoric Jōmon cultures survived without fully-developed agriculture for more than 10,000 years. Here we compile a comprehensive, holistic database of archaeobotanical and archaeozoological records from the two ends of the archipelago, the northernmost prefecture of Hokkaido and the southernmost island-chain of Ryukyu. The results suggest Jōmon diets varied far more geographically than they did over time, and likely cultivated taxa were important in both regions. This provides the basis for examining how fisher-hunter-gatherer diets can fulfil nutritional requirements from varied environments and were resilient in the face of environmental change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. At the Junction Between Subsistence and Reference: A Pragmatist Take on Interaction Analysis.
- Author
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Martine, Thomas, Brummans, Boris H J M, and Cooren, François
- Subjects
SOCIAL interaction ,ETHNOMETHODOLOGY ,PRAGMATISM ,REFLEXIVITY ,LANGUAGE & languages - Abstract
This paper presents a view of interaction analysis that departs from the intersubjectivist assumptions that underlie its ethnomethodological tradition. Adopting a pragmatist perspective, we propose to treat phenomena as being composed of relations; that is, as being constituted by passing through various things and beings. Extending Latour's work on modernity, we argue that interaction analysts aim to capture social phenomena at the junction between two modes of existence or two manners of passing through others. In the mode of subsistence, social phenomena are (re)produced by continuously passing through new elements. In the mode of reference, social phenomena sustain themselves by going back and forth between various inscriptions. Based on a case study, we show how the movement of subsistence always eludes that of reference, and how analysts can only move along with this movement by limiting their corroboration techniques, both in number and in range. Thus, this paper makes an important contribution to research on language and social interaction, as well as science and technology studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Pockets of peasantness: small-scale agricultural producers in the Central Finger Lakes region of upstate New York.
- Author
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Strube, Johann
- Subjects
SUBSISTENCE farming ,FARM produce ,SOCIAL science research ,FARM management ,SMALL farms ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Some farmers in the Central Finger Lakes Region of New York balance their production between principles of peasant farming and capitalist farming. They struggle to extend their sphere of autonomy and subsistence production, while extended commodity production is often a response to external forces of the state and capital. This struggle, together with a quantitative increase of small farms, can be described as an instance of repeasantization. Based on inductive, empirical qualitative social research, this case study describes the economy and social organization of six farms in the area under investigation and explores the applicability of the rich theory of peasant farming to agriculture in this community. Besides selling commodities to pay for many farming inputs and consumer goods, the farms produce for their subsistence and that of their community. They exchange products and services with other farms, they build networks of mutual provisioning, support, and mentorship, and try to take good care of the land. This paper shows that subsistence production and peasant culture are not restricted to the past or the Global South, but also exist as pockets of peasantness on six New York farms. The perspective applied in this paper suggests that principles of peasant farming may shape farming on other US farms, too, if we accept that these principles intersect with constrains of the larger capitalist market society in which they are embedded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Global justice in the shadow of security threats.
- Author
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Kuo, Yuchun
- Subjects
JUST war doctrine ,WAR & ethics ,SOCIAL justice ,GEOGRAPHIC boundaries ,INTERNATIONAL economic assistance - Abstract
Do a threatened state's obligations of assistance extend to the enemy's needy people and the needy people in non-hostile countries equally? This paper examines five arguments defending the political boundary between hostile and non-hostile countries. The aid workers, defence capacity, and pre-emptive self-defence arguments highlight the unreasonable burdens for a threatened state to protect its own citizens, as a result of its assistance to the enemy's needy people, while the limited and comprehensive negative duties arguments underscore a threatened state's involvement in harmful activities. Unfortunately, these five arguments cannot accomplish the task. Certain arguments (i.e. the aid workers argument and the negative duties approach in general) encounter the insufficiency problem by not completely denying the potential for assisting the enemy's needy people, while other arguments (i.e. the defence capacity, the limited and comprehensive negative duties, the pre-emptive self-defence arguments) face the over-extension problem by prohibiting assistance to needy people in non-hostile countries. Therefore, when a threatened state provides assistance to needy foreigners, the distinction between hostile and non-hostile countries should not constitute a decisive reason to affect the distribution of its assistance, because it cannot clearly maintain this distinction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Foodstuffs and organic products in ancient south-east Arabia: preliminary results of ceramic lipid residue analysis of vessels from Hili 8 and Hili North Tomb A, al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
- Author
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SURYANARAYAN, AKSHYETA, MÉRY, SOPHIE, MAZUY, ARNAUD, and REGERT, MARTINE
- Subjects
ORGANIC products ,FOOD aroma ,LIPID analysis ,TOMBS ,FATS & oils ,GAS chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) ,VEGETABLE oils - Abstract
Exchange networks in the Bronze Age between south-east Arabia, Mesopotamia, south-east Iran, south-west Pakistan, and the Indus Valley moved a variety of raw and finished products, especially pottery. However, we have little understanding of what organic products were a part of these exchange networks, as well as what foodstuffs were prepared in ceramic vessels as part of everyday activities. This paper presents the preliminary results of lipid residue analysis of local and imported vessels from Hili 8 and Hili North Tomb A in al-Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Absorbed lipids were extracted and analysed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) from a range of vessels including local, regional, Indus, Mesopotamian, and Makran wares. A majority of the lipid profiles were indicative of degraded animal fats, although some vessels, including Fine Red Omani Ware and imported Black-Slipped Jars from the Indus Valley, had evidence of plant oils. Further analyses that will shed light on the possible origin of the animal fats and plant oils are ongoing. The preliminary results provide new insights into the use of pottery at Hili, with broader implications for our understanding of subsistence and exchange networks in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
27. Post-glacial human subsistence and settlement patterns: insights from bones.
- Author
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Drucker, Dorothée G., Bridault, Anne, and Boethius, Adam
- Abstract
This paper is an introduction to the topical collection dealing with the Post-glacial human subsistence and settlement patterns: insights from bones. The context of the Lateglacial and Early Holocene (ca. 16,000–6000 cal BP) in Europe offers the possibility to examine the response of terrestrial ecosystems to dramatic climatic changes and the evolution of subsistence among hunter-gatherers facing phases of environmental instabilities. The contributors of this special issue developed and applied diverse approaches to provide regional and chronological elements to the knowledge of the available biotopes and their exploitation by human populations over the Lateglacial and Early Holocene in Europe. Their studies provide local information on animal recolonization of septentrional areas in Europe, change in habitat of large games, and human dietary adaptation to new biotopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Subsisting on Popular Art and Design: A Nigerian Context.
- Author
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Morgan, Trevor Vermont, Uzoagba, Chukwunonso, and Onuche, Damian
- Subjects
POPULAR culture ,FOLK art ,YOUNG adults ,CULTURAL industries ,ART industry - Abstract
According to World Poverty Clock online, Nigeria's population of extreme poverty is currently 50% of the entire nation. Hence, following several problems of the economy, a good part of the population is below poverty line and so lacks optimum means of living. Graduate and non-graduate youths are among the teeming population of seekers of employment. Yet it is clear how practical skills are highly relevant in securing a lucrative career towards earning a living. The creative industry presents itself as an important field that can support subsistence for the young people. We have explored the potentials that popular art can provide in making subsistence possible even for those who do not hold degrees in the field of art but desire to survive therefrom. In this qualitative paper, we have examined selected popular artists and their creative foci, and how digital technology avails for the production of popular design and art. This study has made use of interviews, and images as visual data from selected popular artists in Nsukka Metropolis, Enugu, Nigeria. The data is analyzed technically and functionally to foreground the imperative of harnessing the huge possibilities that exists in the popular arts industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
29. MODIFICACIÓN DEL PAISAJE Y SUBSISTENCIA DURANTE EL PERIODO DE INTEGRACIÓN EN LA SUBCUENCA DEL RÍO PACHIJAL, PACTO, ECUADOR.
- Author
-
Mosquera, Andrés
- Subjects
CLOUD forests ,WESTERN society ,FOOTHILLS ,ECONOMIC models ,ARCHAEOLOGISTS ,ARCHAEOLOGICAL excavations ,ARCHAEOLOGICAL surveying - Abstract
Copyright of Arqueología Iberoamericana is the property of Arqueologia Iberoamericana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
30. Scenario planning tools for mitigating industrial impacts on First Nations subsistence economies in British Columbia, Canada.
- Author
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Natcher, David, Owens-Beek, Naomi, Bogdan, Ana-Maria, Lu, Xiaojing, Li, Meng, Ingram, Shawn, McKay, Ryan, and Rice, Abigael
- Subjects
SUBSISTENCE economy ,CONFLICT management ,NATURAL gas ,COLLABORATIVE learning ,ORGANIZATIONAL learning ,ECONOMIES of agglomeration ,NATURAL gas pipelines - Abstract
The Montney Play Trend (MPT) is a 1090 km
2 region in northeast British Columbia that produces approximately one-third of western Canada's natural gas output. In response to a proposed expansion of the MPT in 2016, the Government of British Columbia launched a Regional Strategic Environmental Assessment (RSEA) to identify the necessary conditions to achieve sustainable environmental outcomes. In this paper, we describe the methods and scenario planning tools that were developed to estimate how the development of the MPT might affect the subsistence economies of First Nations in the region. To demonstrate the utility of our approach, two impact assessments—Prince Rupert gas transmission pipeline and the Coastal GasLink pipeline—are presented. While no scenario can provide a definitive portrayal of exactly what will happen in the future, the tools that were co-developed are serving as an effective starting point for exploring possibilities that are at least consistent with current knowledge and can serve as a platform for collaborative learning and conflict management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. The Impact of Waterscape Transformation Toward Traditional People Subsistence in Muarajambi Temple Compound
- Author
-
Adi, Ari Mukti Wardoyo, Rahariyoso, Dwi, Rohiq, M., Pahlevi, Rd. Rival, Wahyuningsih, Pipin Sri Indah, Striełkowski, Wadim, Editor-in-Chief, Black, Jessica M., Series Editor, Butterfield, Stephen A., Series Editor, Chang, Chi-Cheng, Series Editor, Cheng, Jiuqing, Series Editor, Dumanig, Francisco Perlas, Series Editor, Al-Mabuk, Radhi, Series Editor, Scheper-Hughes, Nancy, Series Editor, Urban, Mathias, Series Editor, Webb, Stephen, Series Editor, and Kurniawan, Dwi Agus, editor
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Pockets of Peasantness: Small‑Scale Agricultural Producers in the Central Finger Lakes Region of Upstate New York
- Author
-
Strube, Johann, Bezner Kerr, Rachel, editor, Pendergrast, T. L., editor, Smith II, Bobby J., editor, and Liebert, Jeffrey, editor
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Arctic Disequilibrium: Shifting Human-Environmental Systems.
- Author
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Veldhuis, Djuke, Tejsner, Pelle, Riede, Felix, Høye, Toke T., and Willerslev, Rane
- Subjects
ADAPTABILITY (Personality) ,CLIMATE change ,MENTAL depression ,DRUG addiction ,ECOLOGY ,ENVIRONMENTAL health ,PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience ,SOCIOLOGY ,SUICIDE ,HEALTH of indigenous peoples - Abstract
This special issue of Cross-Cultural Research presents four papers each of which in their own way addresses the question of how Arctic populations tackle the high levels of unpredictability and risk associated with their environment. It takes as a starting point the evidence for and against aspects of disequilibrium between humans, animals, and their environment. The authors consider both contemporary and historical Indigenous Arctic populations and the dynamics of human–animal relations in the context of an ever-changing socioecology of the Arctic. Three overarching sources of disequilibrium are identified: (a) disruption in existing ecological networks due to climate and environmental upheaval, (b) effects of sociopolitical change (including migration and disease), and, finally, (c) changes to subsistence strategies. Based on contemporary field studies from across the Arctic, including the Ust'-Avam and Samoyed from the Taimyr Region in Russia, Sami in Finland, Yukagir and Chukchi from Siberia, and the historic Thule community from Greenland, the authors illustrate how, despite apparent disequilibria, there is nevertheless notable resilience evident in the coupling of human-environmental systems. Documenting past and present changes in local livelihoods, subsistence patterns, and sociocultural practices helps us understand the wider context in which these cultures persist. It also allows us to explore what factors are significant in supporting the long-term resilience of Indigenous communities, especially in the context of challenges, such as high levels of addiction, depression and suicide, facing contemporary arctic societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. What we do for food - social strategies for overcoming food scarcity in the Neolithic of the Central Balkans.
- Author
-
Đuričić, Ana
- Subjects
NEOLITHIC Period ,COMMUNITIES ,SCARCITY ,AGRICULTURE ,FOOD sovereignty - Abstract
Copyright of Documenta Praehistorica is the property of Documenta Praehistorica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Revisiting Kalundu Mound, Zambia: Implications for the Timing of Social and Subsistence Transitions in Iron Age Southern Africa.
- Author
-
Goldstein, S. T., Crowther, A., Henry, E. R., Janzen, A., Katongo, M., Brown, S., Farr, J., Le Moyne, C., Picin, A., Richter, K. K., and Boivin, N.
- Subjects
FOOD production ,CITIES & towns ,IRON Age ,COMMERCE - Abstract
Copyright of African Archaeological Review is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Resource Exploitation and Human Mobility: Trends in the Archaeofaunal and Isotopic Record from Central Western Argentina.
- Author
-
Neme, G., Gil, A., Otaola, C., and Giardina, M.
- Subjects
RESOURCE exploitation ,HUNTER-gatherer societies ,SUBSISTENCE hunting ,ARCHAEOLOGICAL chronology ,ZOOARCHAEOLOGY ,BIOGEOGRAPHY - Abstract
Previous researches have examined the zooarchaeological record to understand changes in human diet in central western Argentina through time. This research has focused on variations in the relative abundance of large prey in archaeofaunal contexts. The observed changes were explained by a decrease in residentialmobility, forced by both the intensification in the use of resources and the introduction of the first domesticated plants ca. 2000 years BP. In this paper, we revised archaeofaunal interpretations by taking into account zooarchaeological assemblages and human isotope records within the biogeographical distributions of prey in the region. Our results demonstrate that faunal diversity in zooarchaeological assemblages has a stronger correlation with the natural distribution of resources (especially with altitude) than with chronology, as was proposed previously. However, archaeofaunal information, including human isotopic data, suggests that a decrease in residential mobility, postulated in a previous paper, took place, modifying the expected diversity distribution throughout the landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Determinants and Effects of International Remittances: Evidence from Ratnagiri District of Rural Maharashtra
- Author
-
Chintamani, Bhupesh Gopal and Kulkarni, Lalitagauri
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Non-agricultural Recurrence, Mobility, Adaptation, and Groundwater Variations on the Lower Bajada, Sonoran Desert, USA.
- Author
-
Hall, John D., Windingstad, Jason D., Ballenger, Jesse A. M., Adams, Karen R., Smith, Susan J., Wegener, Robert M., Klucas, Eric E., Vanderpot, Rein, and Keur, Mitchell A.
- Subjects
PREHISTORIC settlements ,PHYSIOLOGICAL adaptation ,ADAPTABILITY (Personality) ,ARCHAEOLOGY ,HUMAN settlements - Abstract
The construction of a solar-power-array on Luke Air Force Base, Arizona, prompted the archaeological investigation of one of the most completely excavated Archaic period sites in the Sonoran Desert. Beginning with the Middle Archaic period and continuing to the early Historic period, people visited this location to gather and process wild plants, particularly mesquite. Despite the long occupational history, the plant-processing tools and techniques changed little over time. This paper focuses on the settlement location and history of Falcon Landing, a multicomponent site in the western Phoenix Basin. The excavation of Falcon Landing uncovered over 3,000 features representing over 5,000 years of intermittent human occupation. The results of this project offer a unique and intriguing look into Archaic period subsistence and settlement in a lower bajada landscape, and how this subsistence and settlement strategy persisted for millennia and became an integral part of human adaptation to the Sonoran Desert. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Limits to Substitution Between Ecosystem Services and Manufactured Goods and Implications for Social Discounting.
- Author
-
Drupp, Moritz A.
- Subjects
ECOSYSTEM services ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) ,ELASTICITY (Economics) ,CONSUMER goods ,PROJECT evaluation ,SUBSISTENCE economy - Abstract
This paper examines implications of limits to substitution for estimating substitutability between ecosystem services and manufactured goods and for social discounting. Based on a model that accounts for a subsistence requirement in the consumption of ecosystem services, we provide empirical evidence on substitution elasticities. We find an initial mean elasticity of substitution of two, which declines over time towards complementarity. We subsequently extend the theory of dual discounting by introducing a subsistence requirement. The relative price of ecosystem services is non-constant and grows without bound as the consumption of ecosystem services declines towards the subsistence level. An application suggests that the initial discount rate for ecosystem services is more than a percentage-point lower as compared to manufactured goods. This difference increases by a further half percentage-point over a 300-year time horizon. The results underscore the importance of considering limited substitutability in long-term public project appraisal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. THE GIFT OF LIFE: THE NON-SUBSISTENCE OF THOMIST ESSE COMMUNE IN ITS TRINITARIAN CONTEXT.
- Author
-
BIELER, MARTIN
- Subjects
COMMUNAL living ,TRINITY ,METAPHYSICS ,FATHERS - Abstract
This paper investigates in what way the Christian Trinity is the 'causa et ratio' of creation, as Thomas Aquinas states it in the prologue of his Commentary to the Sentences of Peter Lombard. Of particular importance for this project is a better understanding of the Thomist esse commune as a completum et simplex, sed non subsistens (De Potentia 1.1 c). In dialogue with the Neoplatonic tradition is shown how Aquinas absorbs all Neoplatonic intermediary principles into the esse commune and opens up the understanding of creation as a structured act of love: Creation is the giving of being (esse), by which the Creator makes himself present to his creatures, in order to grant them their subsistence. It is shown how the non-subsisting esse commune is an analogue to the divine essence which only subsists in the divine persons, starting with the Father. This explains the thoroughly personal character of metaphysics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Considering change with archaeological data: Reevaluating local variation in the role of the ~4.2k BP event in Northwest China.
- Author
-
Jaffe, Yitzchak Y and Hein, Anke
- Subjects
- *
ENVIRONMENTAL sciences , *CLIMATE change , *BRONZE Age , *TRANSITION economies , *SOCIETAL reaction - Abstract
Over the past two decades, environmental studies in research on prehistoric China have been gaining popularity and importance. For Northwest China in particular, climate change, especially the so-called ~4.2k BP event has been seen as the main reason for an alleged collapse of Late Neolithic societies and a transition to pastoral-heavy economies and mobile lifeways. Yet, these explanatory models tend to rely on limited archaeological and environmental data and non-contemporaneous historical data, resulting in simplistic causal relationships between environmental changes and social response. This paper re-evaluates the Incipient Bronze Age in China's Northwestern region, discussing evidence for climate change and its exact dates, as well as textual and archaeological evidence. We argue that the old narratives perpetuating the image of a dichotomy between Steppe and Sown are inaccurate, while large-scale models of region-wide subsistence change in response to climate cooling tend to disregard local developments and group-specific responses as well as chronological issues. Focusing on the Xindian and Siwa archaeological phenomena, this paper provides a view into sub-regional responses to this climate event, warning against simplistic broad-brush reconstructions and calling for both a return to archaeological fundamentals and large-scale intensive fieldwork and interdisciplinary studies involving archaeologists, paleobotanists, zooarchaeologists, isotope specialists, and climate scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Pockets of Peasantness: Small-scale Agricultural Producers in the Central Finger Lakes Region of Upstate New York
- Author
-
Strube, Johann, Bezner Kerr, Rachel, editor, Pendergrast, T. L., editor, Smith II, Bobby J., editor, and Liebert, Jeffrey, editor
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Fishbone artefacts from the Samrong Sen site, Cambodia, cast new light on Bronze Age networking between inland and coastal communities.
- Author
-
Boulanger, Clara, Puaud, Simon, Ly, Vanna, Glémarec, Laurence, Heng, Sophady, and Forestier, Hubert
- Subjects
BRONZE Age ,ARCHAEOLOGICAL excavations ,COMMUNITIES - Abstract
In this paper, we examine previously unstudied archaeological fish remains recovered during Mansuy's first excavation in 1902 from the inland Samrong Sen midden site in Cambodia and which are currently stored at the Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France. The remains are dated by association to the Neolithic/Bronze Age between 2206 and 1892 cal. bc from a time when the development of metal age trade and exchange networks contributed substantially to the success of many cultures in this diverse region. We focus on the taxonomy of the fish captured and the implications for technology and regional networks. The identification of two perforated shark vertebrae beads indicates that, during the late Neolithic to Bronze Age period, trade and exchange between coastal and inland communities was prominent on mainland Southeast Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Toward a Social Archaeology of Food for Hunters and Gatherers in Marginal Environments: a Case Study from the Eastern Subarctic of North America
- Author
-
Holly, Jr, Donald H.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. La noción de persona en fray Luis de León. Una original lectura de Santo Tomás.
- Author
-
VARGAS BALCELLS, CRISTÓBAL
- Abstract
Copyright of Scripta Mediaevalia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Cuyo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
46. Smaller but not Secondary: Evidence of Rodents in Archaeological Context in India.
- Author
-
Sathe, Vijay
- Subjects
RODENTS ,ARCHAEOLOGY ,ANTHROPOMETRY ,ECOLOGY ,INDIGENOUS peoples - Abstract
The small site archaeology has a remarkable potential to contribute on many greater issues in archaeological studies. Similarly, micro dimensional data of any category should prove to be of great importance if studied judiciously. The present paper intends to point out this very fact with a special reference to skeletal remains of micromammals in the category of rodents as a special case. This topic has been specifically undertaken because it is largely observed that such skeletal material tends to be overlooked and sometimes even totally discarded as of no archaeological significance. Rats and mice (muroids, Order: Rodentia) are one of the world's ubiquitous small rodents whose antiquity in India goes back to the Tertiary period. Its skeletal remains have been reported from several archaeological sites in India with temporal range of about 20 ka. Rodents have the potential to provide palaeoenvironmental information not attainable from other animal groups. The fact is well appreciated in palaeoentology but unfortunately remains to be confronted in archaeological context so far. The present paper ventures to ponder upon the possibilities of palaeoenvironmental interpretations of rodent fauna in archaeological record. A sizable assemblage of microvertebrates excavated from an Early Historic site of Kopia, Dist. Sant Kabirnagar (Uttar Pradesh state of India) offers a case study of microfaunal interpretations. Evidence of muroid's contribution to the diet of ancient human population is discussed with reference to several existing hunting gathering communities practicing small game and the Musehars, aborigines living in the interiors of Gangetic plains. It provides a ready database for the dietary inferences with regard to the rodent fauna that are interpreted from archaeological perspective. The paper demonstrates multifold implications of evidence of rats and mice in archaeololgical record that have significant bearing on the ecology, subsistence and behavioural archaeology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Grotta Reali, the first multilayered mousterian evidences in the Upper Volturno Basin (Rocchetta a Volturno, Molise, Italy)
- Author
-
Peretto, Carlo, Arzarello, Marta, Coltorti, Mauro, Bertolini, Marco, Cui, Qiao-Yu, De Curtis, Ornella, Lebreton, Vincent, Lembo, Giuseppe, Marquer, Laurent, Pieruccini, Pierluigi, Ravani, Silvia, Rufo, Ettore, Sala, Benedetto, Talamo, Sahra, and Thun Hohenstein, Ursula
- Abstract
The Mousterian site of Grotta Reali (Rocchetta a Volturno, Molise, southern Italy), dated from between 50,940 and 40,370 cal BP, provides detailed information on the depositional dynamic and human occupation in southern Italy, and contributes to the international debate on technical behaviour at the end of the Mousterian. The site was discovered in 2001 and it was located in a small cave/shelter now partially quarried, on the backside of a tufa waterfall, at the edge of a large alluvial terrace, in correspondence of the major spring of the Volturno River. Pollen and faunal assemblages record the persistence of wooded environments with large open areas as indicated by the presence of horse, aurochs and spotted hyena. Humans settled occasionally for hunting, processing game and performing related activities. Anthropic occupation was followed by carnivores, particularly in the upper part of the stratigraphy where the evidences of their activities prevail decisively rather than those left by humans. The chronological attribution of Grotta Reali to the MIS 3 allows placing the settlement in the last phase of Neanderthals presence in Europe. The technology of knapping stone does not deviate from the range of methods used during the Mousterian. However, the large presence of a laminar volumetric method may attest a new necessity related to activities differentiation. This paper offers for the first time a comprehensive and detailed illustration of this site with a unique set of environmental data and human occupation layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Acerca de la participación de niños y niñas en actividades de subsistencia: Estudio etnográfico en unidades domésticas rurales de Salta (Argentina).
- Author
-
Remorini, Carolina, Teves, Laura, Laura Palermo, María, Jacob, Analía, and Desperés, Pilar
- Abstract
Copyright of Runa: Archivo para las Ciencias del Hombre is the property of Runa: Archivo para las Ciencias del Hombre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Re-inventing the commons: community forestry as accumulation without dispossession in Nepal.
- Author
-
Paudel, Dinesh
- Subjects
COMMUNITY forestry ,SUBSISTENCE farming ,AGRICULTURE ,FORESTS & forestry ,EVICTION - Abstract
The commercial appropriation of the commons by displacing communities has been a historical feature of development. In recent years, however, this paradigm has shifted toward re-inventing the commons by creating new relations of production for both the market and subsistence. Such shifts in managing the commons are producing new forms of commoning instead of enclosure and dispossession. Through the analysis of community forestry programs in Nepal, this paper demonstrates that community-based development has been effective in mobilizing the collective potential of local communities and dynamics of commonly held forest ecosystems for the expansion of highly profitable commercial endeavors. Community forestry can be understood neither as an enclosure exclusively for commodity production nor as the extension of entirely subsistence economic activities. In Nepal, community forestry has become a form of accumulation without dispossession where communities’ ownership over the common forestlands is ensured but market apparatuses for commercialization are also institutionalized simultaneously. This paper argues that while transforming the commons and communities as part and parcel of capital accumulation, community forestry generates possibilities for both commercial and subsistence modes of production, reproducing the conditions for accumulation without dispossession. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Kelp-Fed Beef, Swimming Caribou, Feral Reindeer, and Their Hunters: Island Mammals in a Marine Economy.
- Author
-
Reedy, Katherine
- Abstract
Aleutian Islands and Alaska Peninsula residents have selectively introduced land mammals to their primarily marine based economy over the past two centuries. This paper describes these many introductions, contexts, and the longer term roles of these cattle, sheep, reindeer, and other land mammals in discrete island settings and the regional food economy based upon interviews in ten communities and comprehensive household surveys in eight of these. Caribou are indigenous and traditionally hunted in other parts of the state but are legally "invasive" in island contexts now managed by the federal government. Access to land and natural resources by Alaska Natives and rural peoples is regulated by state and federal agencies, but Aleutian residents have shaped their environment and engineered food sources to support their communities. This paper demonstrates that hardline approaches to removing invasive land mammal species will have human consequences and an integrated management policy emphasizing food security and conservation that includes reducing the density of these introduced species is most appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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