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• The novel Nd 2 S 3 based rGO electrode materials were developed via hydrothermal route. • The Nd 2 S 3 based rGO electrode was used for supercapacitor application. • The Nd 2 S 3 /rGO nanohybrid contain the specific capacitance (C s) of 782.46 F g−1 @ 1 A/g. • The Nd 2 S 3 /reduced GO nanocomposite display excellent supercapacitive performances. The two-dimensional metal sulphide acts as potent electrodes for supercapacitors; instead, they require further cycle stability and performance rate improvements before they can be used in real-world applications. Improved supercapacitor efficacy can be achieved by developing binder-free and hierarchical carbon nanohybrid electrode materials. Herein, we report the fabrication of a binder-free Nd 2 S 3 -based rGO nanohybrid electrode via the hydrothermal route for energy-saving equipment. Several analytical tools were used to determine the physiochemical features of the all-synthesized electrode materials. Several electrochemical tests, such as cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), were utilized to determine the pseudocapacitive nature of fabricated materials. The C s from GCD of Nd 2 S 3 /reduced GO nanohybrid (782.46 F g−1) was greater than Nd 2 S 3 (332.69 F g−1) and reduced GO (470.18 F g−1). Furthermore, the Nd 2 S 3 /reduced GO electrode shows excellent cyclic stability with a rate capability of 90 % over 5000th cycles. It facilitates the perfect connection for fast electrolyte ion diffusion between the electrolyte and electrode surface. Incorporating rGO into rare earth metal sulphide significantly enhances the capacitive characteristics of the electrode due to providing a larger surface area and enriching active zones. These findings suggest that supercapacitors may be constructed using binder-free Nd 2 S 3 /reduced GO electrodes, resulting in better electrochemical characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrode materials based on transition metal selenide have lately gained much favor in electrochemical supercapacitor owing to their outstanding capacitive performance, abundant availability and high electrical conductivity. In this study, we developed SmSe based reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite via solvothermal technique. First, it is established that the SmSe/rGO nanoarray forms a porous microstructure in three dimensions. Various instrumental investigation was employed to examined the material microscopic and spectroscopic properties. The as-synthesized SmSe/rGO nanostructure possesses an outstanding specific capacitance (Cs) of 1226 F g−1 @ 1 A g−1 and remarkable long-cycle efficiency of 95.84% retention capacitance after 5000 cycles @ 1 A g−1. The incorporation of rGO into SmSe nanostructure is responsible for faster transfer of electron and providing high surface area having greater active sites which are responsible for the higher efficiency. [Display omitted] • The 2D-rGO based SmSe nanocomposite was developed via simple hydrothermal approach. • The electrode material suggests the specific capacitance of 1226 F g-1 @ 1 A g-1. • The nanohybrid display the smaller Rct of 1.28 Ω than the other materials. • The incorporation of rGO into SmSe facilitates faster transfer of electron. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A bind-free MoTe 2 /rGO nanohybrid electrode was developed via a hydrothermal route. • A MoTe 2 nanoparticles are anchored on the rGO nanosheet investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). • MoTe 2 /rGO nanohybrid display a remarkable specific capacitance of 1196.4 F g−1 as compared to pristine material. The rising prevalence of electronic devices necessitates the application of supercapacitors, which rely on electrochemically active materials with high capacitive performance. Two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe 2) nanoarrays have piqued great interest due to their wide-range applications including supercapacitor material, because of the inherent layered structure, low band gap and comparable conductivity. On the other hand, its self-aggregations decrease its chemical stability and activity, which remains a major barrier to its actual application. By combining with carbon-based reduced graphene oxide (rGO), self-aggregation and electrochemical activity can be improved significantly. In this research, MoTe 2 -supported rGO (MoTe 2 /rGO) was fabricated via a low-cost facile hydrothermal approach and characterised by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) that is inclined with scanning electron microscope (SEM). Electrochemical assessments were also accomplished in an aqueous electrolytic solution of 2.0 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) for supercapacitor performance. The MoTe2/rGO shows exceptional specific capacitance (Cs) of 1196 F g−1, specific energy of 83.06 Wh kg−1- as well as 353.5 W kg−1 specific power at a current density of 1 A g−1 measured from galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) profile. On the other hand, the composite shows specific capacitance of 757.40 F g−1 measure via cyclic voltammetry (CV) at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1. Additionally, the nanohybrid shows a robust retention capacitance of 94.23% after 5000th successive cycles at 1 A g−1. The mechanical flexibility, intense cooperation and combined effects of MoTe 2 and rGO nanosheets are responsible for the exceptional performance of supercapacitor applications. Because of its enormous potential for green energy generation and its simplicity of manufacture in a single step, MoTe 2 /rGO nanocomposite can serve as an electrode for extraordinary supercapacitors. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fossil fuel usage leads to carbon dioxide emissions and energy resource reduction, necessitating eco-friendly, innovative and successful technology for energy storage application. Supercapacitors (SC s) are incredibly efficient storage systems, preventing nonrenewable power source reduction and environmental degradation. The current study reports the fabrication and analysis of g-C 3 N 4 /NiIn 2 S 4 composite for SC s electrode. Several analytical methods were used to assess the composite's performance. Electrochemical investigation revealed that the specific capacitance (C s) of g-C 3 N 4 /NiIn 2 S 4 composite at current density (j) of 1 A/g was 1349.5 F/g, having energy density (E d) of 57.1 Wh/kg at a power density of 276 W kg−1 along with mechanical stability of 40 h and 96.2% capacitance retention over 5000th cycles of charge and discharge (GCD) at 1 A/g. The g-C 3 N 4 /NiIn 2 S 4 composite material exhibited a decreased solution (R s) and charge transfer resistance (R ct) in the EIS results when matched with individual materials. The improved electrochemical results were attributed to the enhanced surface area, greater electrochemical active sites and lower resistance. The study showcases the potential of hydrothermally generated g-C 3 N 4 /NiIn 2 S 4 composite particularly in SC s and other energy storage-related materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The motivation for the production of specific nanostructured electrode materials emerges from the escalating energy demands of the forthcoming generation. In this study, we demonstrated the fabrication process and evaluated the performance of supercapacitors utilizing manganese aluminate (MnAl 2 O 4) nanoparticles adorned on graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN). The composite material produced via hydrothermal methods exhibited a notable increase in specific capacitance (C s) and demonstrated excellent long-term stability throughout cycling. The improved electrochemical functionality was caused by several aspects, such as the occurrence of various oxidation states of manganese ions, a substantial specific surface area (SSA), a structure rich in nitrogen and a porous nature that enables rapid ion transportation. The electrode composed of a composite material exhibited excellent stability over 5000th cycles in 2.0 M KOH at 1 A g−1. Additionally, the specific capacitance (C s) of the MnAl 2 O 4 /g-CN nanohybrid was determined to be 586 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1. MnAl 2 O 4 /g-CN nanohybrid revealed a C s of 1161 F g−1, an energy density (E d) of 74 Wh kg−1 and a power density (P d) value of 340 W kg−1 at 1 A g−1. The electrochemical characteristics of g-CN were influenced by the presence of electrochemically activated sites in its nanosheet structures. The findings suggested that utilizing MnAl 2 O 4 /g-CN composite as electrode materials for storing energy could be an appealing and cost-effective option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• CuAl 2 O 4 /rGO nanohybrid was prepared by facile hydrothermal approach. • Several analytical tools were employed to identify material characteristics. • CuAl 2 O 4 /rGO nanohybrid display high specific capacitance and energy density of 1206 F/g and 34.83 Wh kg−1, respectively. • The fascinated electrochemical results were attributed to greater electronic conductivity, faster charge transfer and enriched active sites. Transition metal-based spinel oxides are fascinating supercapacitor electrodes materials due to their good specific capacitance (C s) and cost-effectiveness. But the spinel materials show poor cycling stability due to their limited surface area. This issue was reduced by using carbon-based electrode materials such as rGO, which enhances the electroactive surface area that leads to improve the number of reactive sites. In this research, a simple hydrothermal approach was utilised to synthesise the CuAl 2 O 4 /rGO (CAO/rGO) nanocomposite. It successively characterised with different analytical techniques to study the physiochemical property of the synthesized materials. Additionally, the potential of the materials as the electrode was determined with a three-electrode configuration by utilising different electrochemical tools that were performed to assess the characteristics of the electrode material. The synthesised nanocomposite exhibits a magnificent specific capacitance (C s) of 1206.14 F/g at 1 A/g, while demonstrating specific energy (E d) of 34.83 Wh kg−1 and specific power (P d) of 228 W kg−1 which is higher than individuals and also shows high retention capacitance value of 93.36% after 8000th charge/discharge (GCD) cycles. The symmetric behaviour of the fabricated electrode is also determined with two electrode systems exhibiting the specific energy and specific capacitance of 16.54 Wh kg−1 and 601.91 F/g, correspondingly. This study demonstrates that incorporating rGO into CuAl 2 O 4 nanoarray improves energy storage performance and it has the potential to work in other energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The innovative development of electrode materials and their application through compositing offers promising opportunities for advancing the efficiency of future energy storage devices (ESDs), particularly in high-efficiency supercapacitors (SCs). In this study, we examine the synthesis of electrode combinations consisting of NbSe 2 (niobium diselenide) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for applications in supercapacitors. The successful integration of rGO and NbSe 2 was confirmed by Raman analysis, which identifies characteristic peaks associated with both materials. The thermal stability of the electrode material was explained using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The electrochemical investigations reveal that the NbSe 2 /rGO composite illustrates improved electrochemical performance. The excellent specific capacitance (C sp) of 1512.15 F g−1, power density (P d = 275.5 W kg−1) and energy density (E d = 63.76 Wh Kg−1) at 1 A g−1 observed in galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) analysis. Furthermore, the long duration of cycling exhibits a notable level of stability (6000th) as observed by using the chronoamperometry technique. The NbSe 2 /rGO composite exhibits remarkable electrochemical performance and notable structural characteristics, making it a desirable candidate for application in supercapacitors (SCs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement of energy storage technology is vital in addressing the worldwide energy challenges which has garnered attention of researchers due to limited availability of non-renewable resources. Energy storage equipment's such as supercapacitor, batteries and capacitors have limitations because of poor electrochemical performance and reduced cycle stability exhibited by electrode materials. In order to assess suitability of electrode material for supercapacitor applications, it was crucial to achieve notably high electrochemical performance and stability. Due to larger values of power, energy density and excellent life cycle pseudocapacitor have gained the attention of researchers. The work employed hydrothermal method to produce MnSe, WSe 2 and MnSe/WSe 2 composite materials. Various methodologies were employed to ascertain the distinctive features of structural, electrochemical, and morphological attributes. The utilization of a 3-electrode setup yielded findings indicating that the MnSe/WSe 2 composite possesses the highest specific capacitance value of 1326 F g−1, a specific energy value of 37 Wh kg−1 and a power density value of 225 W kg−1. The analysis of electrochemical stability of MS@WS composites showed that structural stability over 5000th cycles for 40 h. The Nyquist plot gives numerical value of charge transfer resistance of MS@WS nanohybrids (1.5 Ω) which was smaller than MS (1.7 Ω) and.WS (1.9 Ω). These values suggested that prepared electrode material may have potential to use in supercapacitor applications and other electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supercapacitors are considered a potential source of energy conversion systems due to their advantages like high energy density, extensive cycle life, and quick charging and discharging. However, because of excessive voltage drops, they exhibit low energy density and durability. In this work, high content heteratom with various concentrations in a spinel system fabricated by hydrothermal technique. The materials were then analysed by different physical characterization methods including X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Using these techniques, the impact of dysprosium ions on ZnSm 2 O 4 structure and morphology was studied. Moreover, the samples were subjected to various electrochemical tests including a polarization curve (CV), chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Among all high content heteroatom samples, 20% Dy-added ZnSm 2 O 4 displayed the highest electrochemical activity. The sample shows 1908 F g−1 specific capacitance and 1.85 Wh g−1 specific energy at 0.03 A g−1 current density. The fabricated sample also showed long term stability and shows up to 95% capacitance retention after 2000 cycles. The Dy+ doping improves compound integrity that enhances electrochemical performance. These results open a new path for the enhanced electrochemical performance in the application of supercapacitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The motivation for developing nanostructured electrode materials arises from the increasing demands of energy requirements of the upcoming generation due to excessive use of fossil fuels. The latest eco-friendly energy storage devices like supercapacitors that offers significant economic and environmental advantages, which possesses prolonged lifespan and a remarkable power density. In this study, structural evolution and electrochemical performance of BiFeO 3 @g-CN electrode material is characterized. The electrochemical properties of BiFeO 3 @g-CN are determined by using different analytical tests. The specific capacitance of pure BiFeO 3 and BiFeO 3 @g-CN composite shows 557 and 1164 F/g, respectively calculating from galvanostatic charge-discharge plots. A number of factors, including the presence of several transition metal oxide, specific surface area (SSA), a nitrogen-rich structure of g-CN that allows quick ion transport which contributes to enhanced electrochemical efficiency. The material's structural stability was confirmed by its electrochemical stability after the 5000th cycle after 50 h. The BiFeO 3 @g-CN showed a lower charge transfer resistance (0.3 Ω) evaluated from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis. The improvement in electrochemical properties of BiFeO 3 @g-CN electrode material indicates its potential suitability for integration into supercapacitors. The material's exceptional stability demonstrates its potential as a viable candidate for next-generation energy storage devices. [Display omitted] • BiFeO 3 @ g-CN may be used for energy storage devices. • BiFeO 3 and BiFeO 3 @g-CN nanohybrids showed specific capacitance of 557 and 1164 F/g, respectively • The charge transfer resistance is a value of 0.3 Ω. • The material's structural stability was confirmed after the 5000th cycle after 50 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pursuit of addressing the escalating and crucial energy demands of humanity has served as an inspiration for the discovery and creation of advanced nanomaterials used to facilitate convenient and sustainable energy-storing materials and systems. A cost-effective and environmentally safe nanocomposite was synthesized through the incorporation of molybdenum oxide (MoO 3) and 2-D graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) nanosheets by hydrothermal route. The C s of the g-CN, MoO 3 and MoO 3 /g-CN at 10 mV s−1 were measured to be 212.146, 350.49 and 693.56 F g−1 respectively, in a 2 M KOH by CV. The C s for g-CN, MoO 3 and MoO 3 /g-CN nanocomposite at 1 A g−1 were displayed as 852, 688 and 283 F g−1 by GCD. The E d of the nanocomposite was significantly elevated to 35.4 Wh kg−1 when subjected to P d of 273 W kg−1. MoO 3 /g-CN nanocomposites have advantageous characteristics for energy-storing devices due to their notable increased surface area, enhanced electric conduction, and synergistic effect of MoO 3 and g-CN. The utilization of MoO 3 /g-CN nanocomposite presents a viable and pragmatic approach to address the prevailing energy problem by serving as an effective energy storage option. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Biomass activated carbon was designed and prepared from expired bread and Ganoderma spores and then composited with graphene. • The specific capacitance of the biomass activated carbon based composite is 290.4F/g at 1 A/g. • The AC improvement can be more effective than a pseudocapacitive material in improving the full device performance. We prepared expired bread activated carbon (AC), ganoderma spore AC and mixed biomass AC by charring and chemical activation methods. The biomass AC based composite was obtained by simple mechanical compounding of graphene and biomass AC. The specific capacitance was 290.47F/g at a current density of 1 A/g. It retained a 99.92% specific capacitance value after 5000 cycles at a current density of 10 A/g. Assembled with hollow NiCo 2 S 4 micron spheres into devices, the specific capacitance of the device was 148.40F/g at a current density of 1 A/g, and the energy density reached 56.11Wh/kg at a power density of 807.98 W/kg. The biomass composite AC based supercapacitor material not only shows a higher specific capacitance value than that of a commercial activated carbon by itself, it also demonstrated significant importance in improving the overall performance of the assembled supercapacitor devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Eu-MOF was used as precursor for Eu transition metal to fabricate EuZrSe 3 via wet chemical method. • The EuZrSe 3 displays an excellent specific capacitance of 1543 F g−1 at a current density of 3 A g−1. • The enhanced performance of the fabricated novel electrode is due to its huge electroactive surface area and excellent electrochemical conductivity and good morphology. • The resultant EuZrSe 3 also has 93.58% retention efficiency after 10,000 cycle. Recently, it has become more popular to use in-situ growth of transition metal chalcogenides for efficacious supercapacitor (SCs) applications. Metal-organic framework (MOF) is considered as a good source of precursor for a transition metal. Herein, Eu-MOF was used as a precursor for Eu transition metal to fabricate EuZrSe 3 via the wet chemical method. The various physical and chemical characteristics such as X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), surface Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunner-Emmet Teller were utilized to study the phase orientation, crystallinity, morphology, and textual properties of fabricated material, respectively. All the electrochemical parameters like polarization curve (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for estimating various parameters such as specific capacitance (Cs) around 1543 F/g & detected a remarkable energy density of 97 Wh/kg at a current density around 3.0 A/g in 2.0 M alkaline KOH electrolyte. Enhanced performance of the fabricated novel electrode owing to its huge electroactive surface area and excellent electrochemical conductivity and good morphology. Despite its greater specific energy (97 Wh/kg) and high-power density (658.8 W/kg), it also has 93.58 % retention efficiency after 10,000 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]