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[60] Fullerene (C60) almost completely inhibits the polymerization of most vinyl monomers, but our investigation shows that the concentration of radical initiators and reaction conditions greatly enhances conjugation formation. In the present investigation, a series of [60] fullerene-polymethyl methacrylate conjugates was synthesized through 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN)-initiated in situ polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) under different reaction conditions in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). This has afforded corresponding [60] fullerene-PMMA conjugates with [60] fullerene content (%) and rheoviscosity range of 0.79-4.69% and 1.069-1.345 Mpa s, respectively. The process of in situ polymerization was monitored at different concentrations (mol/dL) of AIBN (304.50-761.25 × 10-3) and MMA (9.41-23.53 × 10-3), and temperatures (60°-90°C), pressures (1400-2000 psi), and time (2-8 h). The progress of in situ polymerization was monitored rheoviscometrically in tetrahydrofuran at 25 ± 1°C. Selected [60] fullerene-PMMA conjugates were characterized through UV-vis, GPC, FT-IR, 1HMMR, 13CNMR spectra, and thermal characterization by TG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of fullerene [60]-polyacrylic acid (C60-PAA) conjugates was synthesized through 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN)-initiated in situ polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) under different reaction conditions in supercritical (carbon dioxide (scCO2). This has afforded corresponding C60-PAA conjugates with C60 content ranging from 0.76 to 6.69% and rheoviscosity from 1.183 to 2.349 Mpas (means—in this investigation, fullerene [60] content varied from 0.76 (minimum) to 6.69% (maximum) in synthesized C60-PAA conjugates and rheoviscosity varied from 1.183 (minimum) to 2.349 Mpas (maximum value). The process of in situ polymerization was monitored at concentrations (mole/dL) of AIBN of 304.50-931.5 × 10-3 and AA of 6.94-20.82 × 10-3, temperatures of 50°-90°C, pressures of 1000-2600 psi, and times of 2-26 h. The progress of insitu polymerization was monitored rheoviscometrically in methanol at 25°±1°Cand by gel permeation chromatography. Selected C60-PAA conjugates were characterized by UV-vis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, laser-induced breakdown spectra (LIBS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and simultaneous thermogravimetric-differential thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DTA-DSC) in nitrogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]