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Supersymmetric elementary string states in the compactified heterotic string theory are described by small black holes that have zero area event horizon. In this paper we compute the supersymmetric index of such elementary string states using gravitational path integral. The dominant contribution to the path integral comes from an Euclidean rotating black hole solution of the supergravity theory with a finite area event horizon, but the logarithm of the index, computed from the saddle point, vanishes. Nevertheless we show that the solution is singular on certain subspaces of the horizon where higher derivative corrections can be important, and once the higher derivative corrections are taken into account the solution could yield a finite result for the logarithm of the index whose form agrees with the microscopic results up to an overall numerical constant. While the numerical constant is not determined in our analysis, we show that it is independent of the details of the compactification and even the number of non-compact dimensions, in agreement with the microscopic results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we study the simplifying effects of supersymmetry on celestial OPEs at both tree and loop level. We find at tree level that theories with unbroken supersymmetry around a stable vacuum have celestial soft current algebras satisfying the Jacobi identity, and we show at one loop that celestial OPEs in these theories have no double poles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The landscape of six-dimensional supergravities is dramatically constrained by the cancellation of gauge and gravitational anomalies, but the full extent of its implications has not been uncovered. We explore the cancellation of global anomalies of the Dai-Freed type in this setting with abelian and simply laced gauge groups, finding novel constraints. In particular, we exclude arbitrarily large abelian charges in an infinite family of theories for certain types of quadratic refinements, including a specific one defined in the literature. We also show that the Gepner orientifold with no tensor multiplets is anomaly-free for a different choice, as well as a number of heterotic models with and without spacetime supersymmetry in six dimensions. The latter analysis extends previous results in ten dimensions to some lower-dimensional settings in the heterotic landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We revisit the Emergence Proposal in the vector multiplet moduli space of type IIA N = 2 supersymmetric string vacua in four dimensions, for which the string tree-level prepotential and the string one-loop correction are exactly known via mirror symmetry. We argue that there exists an exact notion of emergence, according to which these four-dimensional couplings can be computed exactly in any asymptotic limit in field space. In such limits, a perturbative quantum gravity theory emerges, whose fundamental degrees of freedom include all complete infinite towers of states with typical mass scale not larger than the species scale. For a decompactification limit, this picture is closely related to and in fact motivated by the computation of Gopakumar-Vafa invariants. In addition, in the same limit our results suggest that the emergent theory will also contain asymptotically tensionless wrapped NS5-branes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that the bosonic sector of the N = (1, 0), 6D Salam-Sezgin gauged supergravity model possesses a T-duality symmetry upon a circle reduction to D = 5. We then construct a simple magnetic rotating string solution with two equal angular momenta. Applying the T-duality transformation to this solution, we obtain the general boosted rotating dyonic black string solutions whose global structures and thermodynamic quantities are also analyzed. Owing to the fact that the solutions are not asymptotically flat, we find that there are two distinct globally-different non-extremal solutions with two different sets of thermal dynamic variables, with both satisfying the thermodynamic first law and the corresponding Small relations. However, their BPS limit becomes the same and we show that it preserves one quarter of supersymmetry by directly solving the corresponding Killing spinor equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We provide a first principles derivation of the supersymmetric Casimir energy of N = 1 SCFTs in four dimensions using the supercharge algebra on general conformal supergravity backgrounds that admit Killing spinors. The superconformal Ward identities imply that there exists a continuous family of conserved R-currents on supersymmetric backgrounds, as well as a continuous family of conserved currents for each conformal Killing vector. These continuous families interpolate between the consistent and covariant R-current and energy-momentum tensor. The resulting Casimir energy, therefore, depends on two continuous parameters corresponding to the choice of conserved currents used to define the energy and R-charge. This ambiguity is in addition to any possible scheme dependence due to local terms in the effective action. As an application, we evaluate the general expression for the supersymmetric Casimir energy we obtain on a family of backgrounds with the cylinder topology ℝ × S3 and admitting a single Majorana supercharge. Our result is a direct consequence of the supersymmetry algebra, yet it resembles more known expressions for the non-supersymmetric Casimir energy on such backgrounds and differs from the supersymmetric Casimir energy obtained from the zero temperature limit of supersymmetric partition functions. We defer a thorough analysis of the relation between these results to future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we investigate the BRST quantization of the massive N = 4 supersymmetric spinning particle, with a twofold purpose: exploring different approaches to give mass to spinning particle models and formulating a first-quantized theory for massive gravity on both flat and curved spacetime. The main contribution of this study is the development of a worldline formulation of the linear theory of massive gravity, namely of the Fierz–Pauli theory, on a curved spacetime; such a theory describes the propagation of massive spin 2 particle on a non-flat background. Our results suggest that achieving the nilpotency of the BRST charge requires an Einstein spacetime with vanishing cosmological constant as the only viable consistent background. In the course of the analysis, we take the N = 2 supersymmetric worldline as an exemplificative model, correctly producing the Proca theory on curved spacetime. Our analysis shows that the associated BRST system uniquely selects the minimal coupling to the background curvature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among about a thousand objects obtained by the Science Museum from Stephen Hawking's office is a blackboard full of cartoons and puns, both childishly silly and deeply scientifically meaningful. This blackboard is now one of the Museum's most popular objects thanks to its playful imagery and perhaps also its perceived fragility. But it is also one of the objects that best illustrates the scientific life of Stephen Hawking and his generation, and more broadly, it is an exemplar of the social and material culture of the postmodern epoch of theoretical physics in the decades around the turn of the twenty-first century. In this article, the curator of the Hawking Collection explains the importance of this blackboard, first through an account of its unexpected trajectory to becoming the Hawking Collection's most charismatic object, followed by a discussion of the general historical role of blackboards: their iconography, material culture, and value as historical sources and how their conservation requirements contribute to their perceived value. The author then delves deeper into the specific content of this blackboard, showing how it constitutes a window into the highs and lows of a generation of physicists inspired by Hawking's work, as they attempted, and ultimately failed, to unify the two great theories of the twentieth century: general relativity and quantum mechanics. What we now call the superspace and supergravity blackboard is a microcosm of one of those moments in physics when theory broke away from what was empirically verifiable. The scribblings on the blackboard were collectively drawn by an up-and-coming generation of supersymmetry theorists. It immortalises the promising early years of supergravity, one of the hopeful candidates at the time for the long-wished-for Theory of Everything. Preserved in chalk are the seeds of one of the most brilliant theoretical discoveries of the turn of the century: what is now called the holographic principle. But also, seen with the benefit of hindsight, supersymmetric approaches seeded the identity crisis that theoretical physics is experiencing today, especially around the role of empirical anchoring of proposed fundamental theories. The contested status of the blackboard's content and its humorous, self-ironic style, make it a key piece of a unique zeitgeist of physics at the turn of the twenty-first century, which one could call the era of postmodern physics. In addition to its significance to the history of specific ideas, this paper also argues that the blackboard reflects the collective, social nature of theoretical research, while also inviting reflection on what constitutes success and failure in the physical sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a new supersymmetric index for three-dimensional N = 2 gauge theories defined on Σ × S 1 , where Σ is a spindle, with twist or anti-twist for the R -symmetry background gauge field. We start examining general supersymmetric backgrounds of Euclidean new minimal supergravity admitting two Killing spinors of opposite R -charges. We then focus on Σ × S 1 and demostrate how to realise twist and anti-twist. We compute the supersymmetric partition functions on such backgrounds via localization and show that these are captured by a general formula, depending on the type of twist, which unifies and generalises the superconformal and topologically twisted indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the standard model accurately describes data at the electroweak scale without the inclusion of gravity, beyond the standard model, physics is increasingly intertwined with gravitational phenomena and cosmology. Thus, the gravity-mediated breaking of supersymmetry in supergravity models leads to sparticle masses, which are gravitational in origin, observable at TeV scales and testable at the LHC, and supergravity also provides a candidate for dark matter, a possible framework for inflationary models and for models of dark energy. Further, extended supergravity models and string and D-brane models contain hidden sectors, some of which may be feebly coupled to the visible sector, resulting in heat exchange between the visible and hidden sectors. Because of the couplings between the sectors, both particle physics and cosmology are affected. The above implies that particle physics and cosmology are intrinsically intertwined in the resolution of essentially all of the cosmological phenomena, such as dark matter and dark energy, and in the resolution of cosmological puzzles, such as the Hubble tension and the EDGES anomaly. Here, we give a brief overview of the intertwining and its implications for the discovery of sparticles, as well as the resolution of cosmological anomalies and the identification of dark matter and dark energy as major challenges for the coming decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, signatures of quantum entanglement by computing entanglement negativity between two causally unrelated regions in 3 + 1 dimensional global de Sitter space are studied. A bipartite quantum field theoretic setup for this purpose, driven by an axionic Bell pair resulting from Type IIB string compactification on a Calabi‐Yau three fold is investigated. A spherical surface that divides the spatial slice of the global de Sitter space into exterior and interior causally unrelated sub regions is taken into account. For the computational purpose, the simplest possible initial choice of quantum vacuum, which is Bunch‐Davies state is used. The quantitative quantum information theoretic measure for entanglement negativity turns out be consistent with the results obtained for entanglement entropy, even it is better than that from quantum information theoretic point of view. The problem in a hyperbolic open chart where one of the causally unrelated observers remains constrained and the scale dependence enters to the corresponding quantum information theoretic entanglement measure for axionic Bell pair is designed. From the analysis it is found that in the large scales, initially maximally entangled Bunch‐Davies state turns out to be strongly entangled or weakly entangled depending on the axionic decay constant and the supersymmetry breaking scale. It is also found that at the small scales the initial entanglement can be perfectly recovered. The possibility of having a biverse picture, which is a mini version of the multiverse in the present theoretical set up is discussed. Last but not the least, the necessary criteria for generating non vanishing quantum entanglement measures within the framework of quantum field theory of global de Sitter space as well as well as in primordial cosmology due to the axion derived from string theory are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present the Hietarinta Chern–Simons supergravity theory in three space-time dimensions which extends the simplest Poincaré supergravity theory. After approaching the construction of the action using the Chern–Simons formalism, the analysis of the corresponding asymptotic symmetry algebra is considered. For this purpose, we first propose a consistent set of asymptotic boundary conditions for the aforementioned supergravity theory whose underlying symmetry corresponds to the supersymmetric extension of the Hietarinta algebra. We then show that the corresponding charge algebra contains the super- bms 3 algebra as subalgebra, and has three independent central charges. We also show that the obtained asymptotic symmetry algebra can alternatively be recovered as a vanishing cosmological constant limit of three copies of the Virasoro algebra, one of which is augmented by supersymmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study supersymmetric AdS 3 flux vacua of massive type-IIA supergravity on anisotropic G2 orientifolds. Depending on the value of the F 4 flux the seven-dimensional compact space can either have six small and one large dimension such that the "external" space is scale-separated and effectively four-dimensional, or all seven compact dimensions small and parametrically scale-separated from the three external ones. Within this setup we also discuss the Distance Conjecture (including appropriate D4-branes), and highlight that such vacua provide a non-trivial example of the so-called strong Spin-2 Conjecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A feature the N = 2 supersymmetric Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model shares with extremal black holes is an exponentially large number of ground states that preserve supersymmetry. In fact, the dimension of the ground state subsector is a finite fraction of the total dimension of the SYK Hilbert space. This fraction has a remarkably simple bulk interpretation as the probability that the zero-temperature wormhole — a supersymmetric Einstein-Rosen bridge — has vanishing length. Using chord techniques, we compute the zero-temperature Hartle-Hawking wavefunction; the results reproduce the ground state count obtained from boundary index computations, including non-perturbative corrections. Along the way, we improve the construction [1] of the super-chord Hilbert space and show that the transfer matrix of the empty wormhole enjoys an enhanced N = 4 supersymmetry. We also obtain expressions for various two point functions at zero temperature. Finally, we find the expressions for the supercharges acting on more general wormholes with matter and present the superchord algebra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the invariance of N = 1, d = 4 supergravity solutions under diffeormophisms and show that, in order to obtain consistent conditions ("Killing equations") invariant under local supersymmetry transformations, one has to perform supersymmetry transformations generated by the superpartner of the vector that generates standard diffeomorphisms, just as a superspace analysis indicates. Using these transformations, we construct a Noether-Wald charge of N = 1, d = 4 supergravity with fermionic contributions which is diff- Lorentz- and supersymmetry-invariant (up to a total derivative). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a recently developed formulation of double field theory in superspace, the graviton, B-field, gravitini, dilatini, and Ramond-Ramond bispinor are encoded in a single generalized supervielbein. Duality transformations are encoded as orthosymplectic transformations, extending the bosonic O(D, D) duality group, and these act on all constituents of the supervielbein in an easily computable way. We first review conventional non-abelian T-duality in the Green-Schwarz superstring and describe the dual geometries in the language of double superspace. Since dualities are related to super-Killing vectors, this includes as special cases both abelian and non-abelian fermionic T-duality. We then extend this approach to include Poisson-Lie T-duality and its generalizations, including the generalized coset construction recently discussed in [arXiv:1912.11036]. As an application, we construct the supergeometries associated with the integrable λ and η deformations of the AdS5 × S5 superstring. The deformation parameters λ and η are identified with the possible one-parameter embeddings of the supergravity frame within the doubled supergeometry. In this framework, the Ramond-Ramond bispinors are directly computable purely from the algebraic data of the supergroup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a new family of U(1) duality-invariant models for nonlinear N = 1 supersymmetric electrodynamics coupled to supergravity. It includes the Cribiori-Farakos-Tournoy-van Proeyen supergravity-matter theory for spontaneously broken local supersymmetry with a novel Fayet-Iliopoulos term without gauged R-symmetry. We present superconformal duality-invariant models, as well as new U(1) duality-invariant models for spontaneously broken local supersymmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of torsion in geometry, although known for a long time, has not gained considerable attention from the physics community until relatively recently, due to its diverse and potentially important applications to a plethora of contexts of physical interest. These range from novel materials, such as graphene and graphene-like materials, to advanced theoretical ideas, such as string theory and supersymmetry/supergravity, and applications thereof in terms of understanding the dark sector of our Universe. This work reviews such applications of torsion at different physical scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We review recent developments on Fayet–Iliopoulos terms in four-dimensional supergravity and discuss their applications to natural models of inflation driven by supersymmetry breaking with the superpartner of the goldstino (sgoldstino) playing the role of the inflaton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ten-dimensional Superstring theory unifies the Standard Model of the strong, electromagnetic, and weak interactions with quantum gravity. Starting with 10-dimensional superstring theory, we can get a 4-dimensional theory with spacetime supersymmetry following the Kaluza–Klein idea by compactifying six of the ten dimensions. For phenomenological reasons we need to do this while maintaining Supersymmetry of 4-dimensional spacetime. To achieve this, as Candelas, Horowitz, Strominger, and Witten [1] have shown, we must compactify six of the ten dimensions of to the so called Calabi–Yau manifolds. Another equivalent approach developed by D. Gepner [2, 3] is the compactification of 6 dimensions onto some Superconformal Field theory with the central charge . Each of these two equivalent approaches has its own merits. Say, using exactly solvability of the Minimal models of Superconformal Field Theory, it is possible to obtain the explicit solution of the considered models. In this article we review a series of our works on Calabi–Yau manifolds, their mirror symmetry, special geometry on the moduli space of Calabi–Yau, the connection of Calabi–Yau manifolds with superconformal minimal models and with supersymmetric gauged linear sigma models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We construct two-dimensional supergravity theories endowed with a positive cosmological constant, that admit de Sitter vacua. We consider the cases of N = 1 as well as N = 2 supersymmetry, and couple the supergravity to a superconformal field theory with the same amount of supersymmetry. Upon fixing a supersymmetric extension of the Weyl gauge, the theories are captured, at the quantum level, by supersymmetric extensions of timelike Liouville theory with N = 1 and N = 2 supersymmetry respectively. The theories exhibit good ultraviolet properties and are amenable to a variety of techniques such as systematic loop expansions and, in the N = 2 case, supersymmetric localization. Our constructions offer a novel path toward a precise treatment of the Euclidean gravitational path integral for de Sitter, and in turn, the Gibbons-Hawking entropy of the de Sitter horizon. We argue that the supersymmetric localization method applied to the N = 2 theory must receive contributions from boundary terms in configuration space. We also discuss how these theories overcome several obstructions that appear upon combining de Sitter space with supersymmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Weak Gravity Conjecture (WGC) in anti-de Sitter spacetime (AdS) asserts the existence of an operator in the boundary conformal field theory (CFT) whose scaling dimension-to-charge ratio satisfies a certain upper bound. This bound is specified by the ratio of the conformal central charge c and the flavor central charge kF. We propose a modified bound in AdS5/CFT4, determined by a combination of two central charges 3c − 2a instead of c. This combination arises in the Cardy-like limit of the 4d superconformal index, which captures the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of large BPS black holes in AdS5. Using the new bound, we find that certain superconformal field theories (SCFTs) that are previously thought to violate the AdS WGC, including SQCDs in the conformal window, do satisfy the WGC. We check this version of the WGC against all possible superconformal gauge theories with SU(N) gauge group admitting a large N limit when the superpotential is absent. We conjecture the modified version of the WGC is a generic property of any 4d SCFT, regardless of the existence of a weakly coupled gravity dual or a large N limit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that the non-linear BMS5 symmetry algebra of asymptotically flat Einstein gravity in five dimensions, as well as the super-BMS4 superalgebra of asymptotically flat supergravity, can be redefined so as to take a direct sum structure. In the new presentation of the (super-)algebra, angle-dependent translations and angle-dependent supersymmetry transformations commute with the (super-)Poincaré generators. We also explain in detail the structure and charge-integrability of asymptotic symmetries with symmetry parameters depending on the fields (through the charges themselves), a topic relevant for nonlinear asymptotic symmetry algebras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use E8(8) Exceptional Field Theory to construct the consistent truncation of IIB supergravity on S3× S3× S1 to maximal 3-dimensional N = 16 gauged supergravity containing the N = (4, 4) AdS3 vacuum. We explain how to achieve this by adding a 7-form flux to the S1 reduction of the dyonic E7(7) truncation on S3× S3 previously constructed in the literature. Our truncation Ansatz includes, in addition to the N = (4, 4) vacuum, a host of moduli breaking some or all of the supersymmetries. We explicitly construct the uplift of a subset of these to construct new supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric AdS3 vacua of IIB string theory, which include a range of perturbatively stable non-supersymmetric 10-d vacua. Moreover, we show how the supersymmetric direction of the moduli space of AdS3 vacua of six-dimensional gauged supergravity studied in [1] is compactified upon lifting to 10 dimensions, and find evidence of T-duality playing a role in global aspects of the moduli space. Along the way, we also derive the form of 3-dimensional N = 16 gauged supergravity in terms of the embedding tensor and rule out a 10-/11-dimensional origin of some 3-dimensional gauged supergravities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has recently been shown that the leading Wilson coefficient in type II string theory can take (almost) all values allowed by unitarity, crossing symmetry and maximal supersymmetry in D = 10 and D = 9 dimensions. This suggests that string theory might define the unique consistent quantum theory of gravity with maximal supersymmetry. We study the minima of the leading Wilson coefficient in D = 6, 7 and 8 dimensions and find the global minimum at the point in moduli space with maximal symmetry. The minimum value turns out to always be negative for D ≤ 7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss minimally supersymmetric AdS3 flux vacua of massive type IIA supergravity on G2-orientifolds. We find that configurations with broken scale-separation can be within finite distance from scale-separated ones, while both remain at large volume, weak coupling and have moduli stabilization. The transition is achieved with the use of a D4-brane modulus, which allows the F4 flux to jump, and has an effective potential always accessible to the three-dimensional low-energy theory. Our analysis further allows us to check the distance conjecture quantitatively, as we can track explicitly the masses of the KK modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the process of vacuum decay in supersymmetric models related to flux compactifications. In particular, we describe these instabilities within supersymmetric Lagrangians for a single three-form multiplet. This multiplet combines scalar fields, representing the moduli fields in four dimensions, with 3-form fields that influence the potential for these moduli via the integer flux of their associated 4-form field strength. Furthermore, using supersymmetry as a guide we obtain the form of the couplings of these fields to the membranes that act as sources to the 3-form potentials. Adding small supersymmetry breaking terms to these Lagrangians one can obtain instanton solutions describing the decay of the vacua in these models by the formation of a membrane bubble. These instantons combine the usual Coleman-de Luccia and the Brown-Teitelboim formalisms in a single unified model. We study simple numerical examples of theories with and without gravity in this new framework and generalize known Euclidean methods to accomodate the simulataneous inclusion of scalar fields and charged membranes to these instanton solutions. Moreover, we show explicitly in these examples how one recovers the static supersymmetric solutions in the limiting case where the supersymmetry breaking terms vanish. In this limit, the bubble becomes infinite and flat and represents a hybrid between the usual supersymmetric domain walls of field theory models and the brane solutions interpolating between the supersymmetric vacua; a sort of dressed supermembrane BPS solution. Finally, we briefly comment on the implications of these solutions in cosmological models based on the String Theory Landscape where these type of 4d effective theories could be relevant in inflationary scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is devoted to the geometric approach to supergravity. More precisely, we interpret N = 1 , D = 4 supergravity as a super Cartan geometry which provides a link between supergravity and Yang–Mills theory. To this end, we first review important aspects of the theory of supermanifolds and we establish a link between various different approaches. We then introduce super Cartan geometries using the concept of so-called enriched categories. This, among other things, will enable us to implement anticommutative fermionic fields. We will then also show that non-extended D = 4 supergravity naturally arises in this framework. Finally, using this gauge-theoretic interpretation as well as the chiral structure of the underlying supersymmetry algebra, we will derive graded analoga of Ashtekar's self-dual variables and interpret them in terms of generalized super Cartan connections. This gives canonical chiral supergravity the structure of a Yang–Mills theory with gauge supergroup similar to the self-dual variables in ordinary first-order Einstein gravity. We then construct the parallel transport map corresponding to the super connection in mathematical rigorous way using again enriched categories. This provides the possibility of quantizing gravity and matter degrees of freedom in loop quantum gravity in a unified way. Kindly check and confirm inserted city and country name are correctly identified.City and country name are correct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop a nonlinear realization approach to topologically massive supergravity in three dimensions, with and without a cosmological term. It is a natural generalization of a similar construction for N=1 supergravity in four dimensions, which was recently proposed by one of us. At the heart of both formulations is the nonlinear realization approach to gravity which was given by Volkov and Soroka 50 years ago in the context of spontaneously broken local supersymmetry. In our setting, the action for cosmological topologically massive supergravity is invariant under two different local supersymmetries. One of them acts on the Goldstino, while the other supersymmetry leaves the Goldstino invariant. The former can be used to gauge away the Goldstino, and then the resulting action coincides with that given in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We derive a massive double copy construction within string theory. To this end, we use massive vectors of the open string spectrum that appear in compactifications to four dimensions and construct massive spin-2 tensors as closed string states, thereby mimicking the structure of the massless graviton. We then compute three-point amplitudes for the scattering of massless and massive spin-2 closed string states and reveal the double copy structure of the latter. With these results being finite in the string scale, we are further able to reproduce the cubic Lagrangian of ghost-free bimetric theory around flat spacetime for bulk massive spin-2 states originating in products of vectors of extended brane supersymmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider N = (n, 0) supersymmetric AdS3 vacua of type II supergravity realising the superconformal algebra osp (n|2) for n > 4. For the cases n = 6 and n = 5, one can realise these algebras on backgrounds that decompose as foliations of AdS3 × ℂℙ3 (squashed ℂℙ3 for n = 5) over an interval. We classify such solutions with bi-spinor techniques and find the local form of each of them: they only exist in (massive) IIA and are defined locally in terms of an order 3 polynomial h similar to the AdS7 vacua of (massive) IIA. Many distinct local solutions exist for different tunings of h that give rise to bounded (or semi infinite) intervals bounded by physical behaviour. We show that it is possible to glue these local solutions together by placing D8 branes in the interior of the interval without breaking supersymmetry, which expands the possibilities for global solutions immensely. We illustrate this point with some simple examples. Finally we also show that AdS3 vacua for n = 7, 8 only exist in d = 11 supergravity and are all locally AdS4×S7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We begin to develop the formalism of localization for the functional integral of supergravity on AdS3× S2. We show how the condition of supersymmetry in the Euclidean ℍ3/ℤ × S2 geometry naturally leads to a twist of the S2 around the time direction of AdS3. The twist gives us a five-dimensional Euclidean supergravity background dual to the elliptic genus of (0, 4) SCFT2 at the semiclassical level. On this background we set up the off-shell BPS equations for one of the Killing spinors, such that the functional integral of five-dimensional Euclidean supergravity on ℍ3/ℤ × S2 localizes to its space of solutions. We obtain a class of solutions to these equations by lifting known off-shell BPS solutions of 4-dimensional supergravity on AdS2× S2. In order to do this consistently, we construct and use a Euclidean version of the off-shell 4d/5d lift of arXiv:1112.5371, which could be of independent interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We construct large families of supergravity solutions that are asymptotic to AdS2 and terminate with a cap that is singular in two dimensions but smooth in higher dimensions. These solutions break supersymmetry and conformal invariance. We list arguments suggesting that they correspond to finite-energy excitations in empty AdS2 that back-react on the geometry by inducing non-trivial bubbling topology. They are constructed from the novel technique associated with the Ernst formalism for AdSD × 풞 solitons in supergravity [1]. The technique is applied to D = 2 in M-theory with 풞 = S3 × T6. The directions of 풞 degenerate smoothly as a chain of bolts which ends the spacetime in the IR and generates non-supersymmetric bubbles supported by M2-brane flux. Some specific solutions have "flat" directions where the sizes of their bubbles are totally unconstrained and can be arbitrarily tuned while the asymptotics remains fixed. The solitons should correspond to regular non-supersymmetric states of a holographically dual CFT1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study tadpole potentials of non-supersymmetric strings, resorting to a first-order formalism known in the literature as fake supersymmetry. We present a detailed analysis for vacua with only gravity and the dilaton, displaying the obstructions that forbid the simplest inclusion of form fluxes. Our focus is on codimension-one vacua, for which we propose a definition of energy that might be suitable for stability arguments. Our findings point to the central role of boundary conditions when supersymmetry is absent or broken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present general results on generating AdS2 solutions to Type II supergravity from AdS3 solutions via U(1) and SL(2) T-dualities. We focus on a class of Type IIB solutions with small 풩 = 4 supersymmetry, that we show can be embedded into a more general class of solutions obtained by double analytical continuation from AdS3 geometries with small 풩 = (0, 4) supersymmetry constructed in the literature. We then start the analysis of the superconformal quantum mechanics dual to the 풩 = 4 backgrounds focusing on a subclass of AdS2 × S3 × 핋3 solutions foliated over a Riemann surface. We show that the associated supersymmetric quantum mechanics describes monopole bubbling in 4d 풩 = 2 supersymmetric gauge theories living in D3-D7 branes, as previously discussed in the literature. Therefore, we propose that our solutions provide a geometrical description via holography of monopole bubbling in 4d 풩 = 2 SCFTs. We check our proposal with the computation of the central charge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

String compactifications on an orbi-folded torus with complex structure give rise to chiral fermions, spontaneously broken CP, modular invariance. We show that this allows simple effective theories of flavour and CP where: i) the QCD angle vanishes; ii) the CKM phase is large; iii) quark and lepton masses and mixings can be reproduced up to order one coefficients. We implement such general paradigm in supersymmetry or supergravity, with modular forms or functions, with or without heavy colored states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the quantum dynamics of a system of n Abelian N = 1 vector multiplets coupled to 1 2 n n + 1 chiral multiplets which parametrise the Hermitian symmetric space Sp(2n, ℝ)/U(n). In the presence of supergravity, this model is super-Weyl invariant and possesses the maximal non-compact duality group Sp(2n, ℝ) at the classical level. These symmetries should be respected by the logarithmically divergent term (the "induced action") of the effective action obtained by integrating out the vector multiplets. In computing the effective action, one has to deal with non-minimal operators for which the known heat kernel techniques are not directly applicable, even in flat (super)space. In this paper we develop a method to compute the induced action in Minkowski superspace. The induced action is derived in closed form and has a simple structure. It is a higher-derivative superconformal sigma model on Sp(2n, ℝ)/U(n). The obtained N = 1 results are generalised to the case of N = 2 local supersymmetry: a system of n Abelian N = 2 vector multiplets coupled to N = 2 chiral multiplets XI parametrising Sp(2n, ℝ)/U(n). The induced action is shown to be proportional to ∫ d 4 x d 4 θ d 4 θ ¯ E K X X ¯ , where K X X ¯ is the Kähler potential for Sp(2n, ℝ)/U(n). We also apply our method to compute DeWitt's a2 coefficients in some non-supersymmetric theories with non-minimal operators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use holography and four-dimensional N = 4 gauged supergravity to collect evidence for a large class of interconnected three-dimensional N = 2 conformal field theories. On the gravity side, we construct a one-parameter family of ISO(3) × ISO(3) gaugings of half-maximal supergravity containing a rich structure of N = 2 AdS4 solutions at fixed radius. By looking at excitations around these AdS4 solutions, the spectrum of low lying operators in the dual N = 2 CFT3's is computed and further arranged into 픬픰(2|4) supermultiplets. Upon suitable removal of gauge redundancies, we identify the Zamolodchikov metric on the conformal manifold dual to the AdS4 moduli space, and recover previous results in the S-fold literature. Two special points of N = 4 supersymmetry enhancement occur. While one describes an S-fold CFT3 dual to a non-geometric type IIB twisted compactification, the string-theoretic realisation of the other, if any, is still lacking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study in more detail the cubic constraints for N = 1 chiral superfields proposed in the earlier work Eur. Phys. J. C 81, 523 (2021), which describe low-energy goldstino-axion dynamics in global non-linearly realized supersymmetry. We generalize the constraint (i) by gauging the abelian symmetry that shifts the axion, and (ii) to supergravity. In the former case we show that after adding the abelian gauge multiplet, the construction can be formulated as a cubic nilpotent massive vector superfield. In the latter case we find explicit solution to the constraint including contributions from the supergravity multiplet. We also propose microscopic supergravity models (with linear supersymmetry), including a toy model for the string dilaton, which give rise to the cubic constraints at low energies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We give evidence that supersymmetric anti-de Sitter vacua of five-dimensional supergravity cannot be scale separated as a consequence of quantum gravity constraints, such as the weak gravity conjecture or the species scale. We show this in a model-independent way for the minimal and the maximal theory and we believe that the argument can be extended to any amount of preserved supercharges in the between. If combined with previous works stating that non-supersymmetric anti-de Sitter vacua must be unstable, our results suggest that five-dimensional effective field theories in anti-de Sitter belong to the swampland. At the cost of introducing an additional assumption on the gravitino mass, we can extend our analysis to de Sitter vacua as well. However, the few known stable de Sitter vacua of minimal five-dimensional supergravity do not satisfy such an assumption and thus evade our constraints. This suggest that they are on a somehow different footing than their four-dimensional counterparts and therefore deserve further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We construct rotating black holes in N = 2, D = 5 minimal and matter- coupled gauged supergravity, with horizons that are homogeneous but not isotropic. Such spaces belong to the eight Thurston model geometries, out of which we consider the cases Nil and SL(2, ℝ). In the former, we use the recipe of [1] to directly rederive the solution that was obtained by Gutowski and Reall in [2] as a scaling limit from a spherical black hole. With the same techniques, the first example of a black hole with SL(2, ℝ) horizon is constructed, which is rotating and one quarter BPS. The physical properties of this solution are discussed, and it is shown that in the near-horizon limit it boils down to the geometry of [2], with a supersymmetry enhancement to one half. Dimensional reduction to D = 4 gives a new solution with hyperbolic horizon to the t3 model that carries both electric and magnetic charges. Moreover, we show how to get a nonextremal rotating Nil black hole by applying a certain scaling limit to Kerr-AdS5 with two equal rotation parameters, which consists in zooming onto the north pole of the S2 over which the S3 is fibered, while boosting the horizon velocity effectively to the speed of light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the most general solutions of eleven-dimensional supergravity preserving N = 2 supersymmetry whose metrics are warped products of three-dimensional anti-de Sitter space with an eight-dimensional manifold, focusing on those realising (2,0) superconformal symmetry. We give a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for a solution to be supersymmetric, which can be phrased, in the general case, in terms of a local SU(2) structure and its intrinsic torsion. We show that these supergravity backgrounds always admit a nowhere-vanishing Killing vector field that preserves the solution and encodes the U(1) R-symmetry of the dual field theory. We illustrate our results with examples which have appeared in the literature, including those with SU(4), G2 and SU(3) structures, and discuss new classes of Minkowski solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We argue for a relation between the supersymmetry breaking scale and the measured value of the dark energy density Λ. We derive it by combining two quantum gravity consistency swampland constraints, which tie the dark energy density Λ and the gravitino mass M3/2, respectively, to the mass scale of a light Kaluza-Klein tower and, therefore, to the UV cut-off of the effective theory. Whereas the constraint on Λ has recently led to the Dark Dimension scenario, with a prediction of a single mesoscopic extra dimension of the micron size, we use the constraint on M3/2 to infer the implications of such a scenario for the scale of supersymmetry breaking. We find that a natural scale for supersymmetry signatures is M = O Λ 1 8 = O TeV. This mass scale is within reach of LHC and of the next generation of hadron colliders. Finally, we discuss possible string theory and effective supergravity realizations of the Dark Dimension scenario with broken supersymmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We elaborate on the structure of higher-spin N = 2 supercurrent multiplets in four dimensions. It is shown that associated with every conformal supercurrent J α m α ⋅ n (with m, n non-negative integers) is a descendant J α m + 1 α ⋅ n + 1 ij with the following properties: (a) it is a linear multiplet with respect to its SU(2) indices, that is D β (i J α m + 1 α ⋅ n + 1 jk) = 0 and D ¯ β ̇ (i J α m + 1 α ⋅ n + 1 jk) = 0 ; and (b) it is conserved, ∂ β β ⋅ J βα m β ⋅ α ⋅ n ij = 0 . Realisations of the conformal supercurrents J α s α ⋅ s , with s = 0, 1, ..., are naturally provided by a massless hypermultiplet and a vector multiplet. It turns out that such supercurrents and their linear descendants J α s + 1 α ⋅ s + 1 ij do not occur in the harmonic-superspace framework recently described by Buchbinder, Ivanov and Zaigraev. Making use of a massive hypermultiplet, we derive non-conformal higher-spin N = 2 supercurrent multiplets. Additionally, we derive the higher symmetries of the kinetic operators for both a massive and massless hypermultiplet. Building on this analysis, we sketch the construction of higher-derivative gauge transformations for the off-shell arctic multiplet Υ(1), which are expected to be vital in the framework of consistent interactions between Υ(1) and superconformal higher-spin gauge multiplets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyse the shifted hybrid inflation in a no-scale supersymmetric SU(5) GUT model which naturally circumvents the monopole problem. The no-scale framework is derivable as the effective field theory of the supersymmetric (SUSY) compactifications of string theory, and yields a flat potential with no anti-de Sitter vacua, resolving the η problem. The model predicts a scalar spectral tilt ns compatible with the most recent measurements by the Planck satellite, while also accommodating large values of the tensor-to-scalar ratio r (~ 0.0015), potentially measurable by the near-future experiments. Moreover, the proton decay lifetime in the presence of the dimension-5 operators is found to lie above the current limit imposed by the Super-Kamiokande experiment. A realistic scenario of reheating and non-thermal leptogenesis is employed, wherein the reheating temperature Tr lies in the (2 × 106 ≲ Tr ≲ 2 × 109) GeV range, and at the same time realizing gravitino as a viable dark matter (DM) candidate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the chaos exponent of some variants of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model, namely, the N = 1 supersymmetry (SUSY)-SYK model and its sibling, the (N|M)-SYK model which is not supersymmetric, for arbitrary interaction strength. We find that for large q the chaos exponent of these variants, as well as the SYK and the N = 2 SUSY-SYK model, all follow a single-parameter scaling law. By quantitative arguments we further make a conjecture, i.e. that the found scaling law might hold for general one-dimensional (1D) SYK-like models with large q. This points out a universal route from maximal chaos towards completely regular or integrable motion in the SYK model and its 1D variants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We find a large class of new supersymmetric A d S 5 black strings from five-dimensional N = 4 gauged supergravity coupled to five vector multiplets with S O (2) D × S O (3) × S O (3) gauge group. These solutions have near horizon geometries of the form A d S 3 × Σ 2 for Σ 2 being a two-sphere (S 2) or a hyperbolic space (H 2). There are four supersymmetric A d S 5 vacua with N = 4 and N = 2 supersymmetries. By performing topological twists along Σ 2 with S O (2) × S O (2) diag and S O (2) diag gauge fields, we find a number of A d S 3 × Σ 2 fixed points describing near horizon geometries of black strings in asymptotically A d S 5 spaces. Most of the solutions take the form of A d S 3 × H 2 with only one being A d S 3 × S 2 preserving S O (2) diag symmetry. We also give the corresponding black string solutions interpolating between asymptotically locally A d S 5 vacua and the near horizon A d S 3 × Σ 2 geometries. There are a number of solutions flowing from one, two or three A d S 5 vacua to an A d S 3 × Σ 2 fixed point. These solutions can also be considered as holographic RG flows across dimensions from N = 2 and N = 1 SCFTs in four dimensions to two-dimensional SCFTs with N = (2 , 0) or N = (0 , 2) supersymmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a classification of asymptotically flat, supersymmetric black hole and soliton solutions of five-dimensional minimal supergravity that admit a single axial symmetry which 'commutes' with the supersymmetry. This includes the first examples of five-dimensional black hole solutions with exactly one axial Killing field that are smooth on and outside the horizon. The solutions have similar properties to the previously studied class with biaxial symmetry, in particular, they have a Gibbons–Hawking base and the harmonic functions must be of multi-centred type with the centres corresponding to the connected components of the horizon or fixed points of the axial symmetry. We find a large moduli space of black hole and soliton spacetimes with non-contractible 2-cycles and the horizon topologies are S 3 , S 1 × S 2 and lens spaces L(p, 1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose quantum gravitational constraints on effective four-dimensional theories with N = 1 supersymmetry. These Swampland constraints arise by demanding consistency of the worldsheet theory of a class of axionic, or EFT, strings whose existence follows from the Completeness Conjecture of quantum gravity. Modulo certain assumptions, we derive positivity bounds and quantization conditions for the axionic couplings to the gauge and gravitational sector at the two- and four-derivative level, respectively. We furthermore obtain general bounds on the rank of the gauge sector in terms of the gravitational couplings to the axions. We exemplify how these bounds rule out otherwise consistent effective supergravity theories as theories of quantum gravity. Our derivations of the quantum gravity bounds are tested and further motivated in concrete string theoretic settings. In particular, this leads to a sharper version of the bound on the gauge group rank in F-theory on elliptic four-folds with a smooth base, which improves the known geometrical Kodaira bounds. We furthermore provide a detailed derivation of the EFT string constraints in heterotic string compactifications including higher derivative corrections to the effective action and apply the bounds to M-theory compactifications on G2 manifolds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]