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Abstract: This paper is concerned about the data analysis of void fractions in the surf zone measured by a conductivity probe. The experimental results show that void fraction distributions are the function of water depth and probe immersion time (duration of breaking event). Air volume of air bubbles calculated from void fraction data is found to be a function of shoreward distance. Moreover, this study focuses on the water level rise by entrained air would be a significant percent of wave set-up and scale effects occur in terms of air entrainment for H b <0.30 (m). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Void fractions under breaking waves have been measured by a conductivity probe. Empirical coefficients k 0 and C 0 have been determined through the experimental results and found to be function of the local wave height and relative distance, respectively. The results indicate that the distributions of void fraction follow closely analytical solution of the diffusion equation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The paper focuses on the wave height distribution functions for long-term behavior of significant wave height, probability density function, Rayleigh distribution, depth-limited wave height distributions, etc. We have introduced the air bubble effects in the surf zone wave parameters, and the wave height distribution has been derived from the Rayleigh distribution. The calculated statistical wave height distributions by the present model indicate a good agreement with the field data than the Rayleigh distribution. Furthermore, the computed probability densities of the wave heights have been reduced considerably by the air bubble effects, making the wave heights lower than those determined by the Rayleigh distribution. It is also observed that the Rayleigh distribution overestimates large pressure amplitudes, but the present model and the Weibull distribution agree well with the collected field data. Finally, the proposed model performs less normalized root-mean-square error in predicting wave height statistics. • Wave height distributions are determined based on the air bubble effects. • Statistical wave distributions show good performance against the field data. • A significant reduction in probability densities of the wave heights is occurred due to air bubbles effects. • The calculated wave pressure amplitude is found in good agreement with field data and Weibull distribution. • The proposed model performs less normalized root-mean-square error in predicting wave height statistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]