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Positive impacts of car-sharing, such as reductions in car ownership, congestion, vehicle-miles-traveled and greenhouse gas emissions, have been extensively analyzed. However, these benefits are not fully effective if car-sharing subtracts travel demand from existing sustainable modes. This paper evaluates substitution rates of car-sharing against private cars and public transport using a Random Forest classifier and Binomial Logit model. The models were calibrated and validated using a stated-preference travel survey and applied to a revealed-preference survey, both administered to a representative sample of the population living in Turin (Italy). Results of the two models show that the predictive power of both models is comparable, albeit the Logit model tends to estimate predictions with a higher reliability and the Random Forest model produces higher positive switches towards car-sharing. However, results from both models suggest that the substitution rate of private cars is, on average, almost five times that of public transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What are the profiles of both users and non-users of car sharing in European cities regarding their travel patterns and psychological aspects? Two subsamples (1519 users and 3695 non-users of car sharing) participated in a survey, translated into seven languages, with 36 questions regarding attitudes towards car sharing, the environment, political orientation, personal norms, frequency of use of different transport modes and transport mode choice for different travel purposes. Through a hierarchical cluster analysis, five distinct mobility styles were identified, with no a priori restriction of the number of clusters. The mobility styles were further characterised by sociodemographic variables and by the motives for making use of car sharing. This paper discusses the implications of research based decision-making and urban planning in a way that guarantees long-term human and environmental security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most expected benefits from the diffusion of car sharing services in urban areas is the decrease of car ownership levels and related impacts in terms of vehicle miles travelled, greenhouse gas emissions, and space consumption. Unlike previous studies in which the effects on public spaces are related to a reduced number of private vehicles, in this paper we present a method to analyse the spatial variation in parking demand in a city with the joint consideration of the kind of parking actually in use. A distinction is made between dedicated parking areas from on-street parking. A trip-level analysis approach is then followed, where car ownership is an exogenous variable and modelling scenarios on modal diversion patterns for different origin-destination pairs are examined. Travel demand models are calibrated and validated on a stated-preferences travel survey carried out in Turin in 2016 and applied on a revealed-preferences travel survey distributed in the cities of Milan and Turin (Italy) in May 2019. Both surveys were administered to a representative sample of the population living in the cities, therefore results can be generalised. The ideal scenario resulting from modal diversion patterns show that free-floating car sharing might produce positive and negative impacts on both on-street and on-surface dedicated parking areas. In particular, more positive impacts are expected on daily parking events in central areas, where mobility attractors are concentrated. On the contrary, higher negative impacts on both on-street and dedicated parking events might be encountered in more peripheral areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We evaluate the environmental impacts of daily modal choices enabled by car sharing. • Air pollutants and CO 2 emissions are quantified and monetised in five scenarios. • Findings show that daily travel demand served by one-way car sharing can rise up to 10% • As a consequence, a reduction of 1% in terms of related social costs is expected. • Such benefits can be increased up to 3.6% by promoting electric car sharing fleets. This paper aims to understand to which extent the spread of one-way car sharing in an urban area can contribute to limit air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions by diverting trips from existing travel means. Modal switch models informed the definition of five mobility scenarios in the city of Turin (Italy). Related emissions were quantified to understand how to maximise the positive environmental impacts of car sharing. Models' results indicate that the car sharing modal share might increase up to a maximum of 10%. The diverted travel demand is mainly subtracted from private cars, however environmental benefits are partially offset by switches from public transport and active modes. The planning scenario would lead to a reduction of the externalities related to the emissions produced by the whole transport system of 1% in terms of social costs. Such benefits can be increased up to 3.6% by promoting electric car sharing fleets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]