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Artistic swimming is an Olympic sport requiring a high level of fitness, as well as technical skills, artistry, flexibility, a good sense of rhythm, remarkable lung capacity and physical strength. The artistic swimming of adolescents has been largely untouched by the scientific community, so training this group based on scientific data is difficult. Due to the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application, this study aimed to measure the technical elements, strength parameters, and swimming performance of young artistic swimmers and to compare swimming performance and strength with the quality of artistic element performances. Hungarian female junior artistic swimmers (14.36 ± 1.01 year) participated in this study. Swimming tests were performed, and three basic elements (body boost, barracuda, and vertical position) were scored. A negative correlation was found between 100 m freestyle swimming times and vertical position scores, as well as between 50 m breaststroke leg swimming times and body boost scores. Moreover, three months of breaststroke leg swim training resulted in improvements in body boost performance. In addition, a positive correlation was found between mean hand grip strength and barracuda scores, as well as between vertical position scores. According to the results of three months of breaststroke leg training, swimming practice improves artistic swimming performance by itself. A correlation was found between strength parameters and the execution of synchro elements, showing the importance of complex training strategies in this sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Higher Education Research is the property of Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Higher Education Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Competitive swimmers routinely undertake a 7 × 200-m incremental step test to evaluate their fitness and readiness to compete.¹ An exercise protocol more closely replicating competition swimming speeds may provide further insight into the swimmer's physiological and technical readiness for competition. This case study reports data over a 3-year period from 11 Race Readiness Tests, which were completed, in addition to the 7 × 200-m test, as an attempt to provide the swimmer and coach with a fuller assessment. For this individual, data provided objective information from which to assess training status and race readiness following a transition from 200-m to 100-m race training. Data also raised a question as to whether a 100-m maximal effort 10 minutes before another one actually enhances performance owing to a priming effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 36-year-old woman presented with anterior shoulder dislocation as a result of breaststroke swimming training. She complained of pain and restriction of movement. A radiograph revealed the shoulder was dislocated, and the patient was treated successfully with closed reduction. The mechanism of injury seemed to be a relation between the initial pull phase of breaststroke technique and the weakest position of the shoulder in extension and external rotation. In our experience, if a patient has a history including a shoulder dislocation, this needs to be considered carefully before incorporating aquatic therapy into the rehabilitation program. Attention must also be given to the crucial timing of initiating swimming training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to ascertain whether performance in a series of water safety tests, in clothed and swimsuit conditions, were dependent on the swim stroke that beginners selected for traversing maximal distance. A total of 45 children (9.6 ± 1.6 years) involved in a learning programme were asked to complete six tests to: travel their maximal distance in water; hold a vertical position; float on their back for as long as possible; perform a maximal number of rotations from front to back in 10 seconds; complete their deepest immersion dive; and perform a final integrated test composed of the previous tasks that were successfully executed in isolation. Pupils were divided into three groups according to the swim stroke they had selected for the first test. The results revealed that the breaststroke group was less affected by wearing clothes in performance on the maximal distance and the final integration test, and was able to tread water for a longer period of time. The backstroke group maintained a horizontal position on their backs for a longer period of time, and was able to rotate position more frequently from front to back. No effect of preferred swim stroke was noted in the maximal immersion dive test. Overall, the front crawl group was most affected by wearing clothes when traversing a maximal distance, floating on their back and performing the final integrated test. Findings suggested that breaststroke and backstroke may be more important to teach beginners for performance in water safety tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Facta Universitatis: Series Physical Education & Sport is the property of Facta Universitatis, Series Physical Education & Sport and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: The distribution of a swimmer's stamina in competitive 200 m race is very important. The performance depends not only on a swimmer's capability, but also on the strategy of stamina allocation across the four segments. In the present research, athletes who had participated in 200 m items in the 13th FINA World championships (2009, Rome) were allocated into three groups based on their performance, and these groups were top-elite swimmers (top 3 in finals), mid-elite swimmers (top 16 in heats) and lower-elite swimmers (bottom 12 in heats) respectively. Data of the segmental time and the time ratios (the percentage of segmental time in one's total time) of the three groups were analyzed. The results showed that the first and second segmental time ratios (STRs) of the top- and mid-elite groups were relatively larger than those of the lower-elite group. But the situation of the last two STRs was opposite. SONI Rebecca (a very famous USA breaststroke swimmer) missed medals of her strongest 200 m breaststroke event due to her too fast velocity in the first and second segments. These suggested that only the proper allocation of four STRs in 200 m items could bring athletes to their highest performance. So it is very important to optimizing the mode of time allocation during daily training, especially for the gifted swimmers lacking experiences. Based on the above research results, we developed a navigation system for regulating athlete's swimming speed during training. The system was composed of 15 watertight LED lamps laying on the bottom of the pool, a computer, a control unit, a starting unit with speaker, and other components. It can modulate the timing and duration of every LED lamp. The course of a swim training session could be guided by the lighting timing of each lamp in turn and therefore could be converted into a parameter file. Coaches could compile the parameter file to obtain desired training speed for the very athlete. And the athlete could regulate his/her speed according to the clue of the lamps controlled by the navigator. For instance, if the lamp ahead of the athlete was illuminated, it meant their speed was too low. If the illuminated lamp was just under the athlete's face, it meant the speed of the athlete was the desired one. All kinds of distance training course could be navigated by the system. It could not only guild a single training course, but could also perform several training sessions which demand strict intervals. It will save considerable amount of energy and time of coaches and improve their training efficiency. It has been authorized the invention [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Purpose. Swimming analysis on up to 200 m events pointed out that the first 15 m plays an important role in the performance result. Hence the hydrodynamic ability to glide under water in a streamline position. Should not be neglected during training, especially in young competitors. Glide in one of five important tips of training .The purpose of this study was to identify Training Program (contains land exercise and water drills. And its effect on the glide performance in (15 m) crawls and breaststrokes in young swimmers Methods. Sample contains (30 young swimmers) dived into two groups (control group) & (experimental group) , each one 15 young swimmers male ( mean ± SD , age 13 ± 1.5 years , height 166 ± 8 cm , body mass 52.3 ± 11.3 kg. Study used tests to measure gliding includes: Starting block and asked to dive and swim foe 15 m crawl CR and 15 m breaststroke (BR) in two different trails. Later subjects underwent a series of hydrodynamic tests such as : diving and gliding under water in a streamline position for 8 m ( DG ) , pushing off from the wall and gliding underwater position 8 m (PG) , pushing off from the wall , gilding and swimming crawl for 12.5 m (PGC) , pushing from the wall , gliding and swimming breaststroke for 12.5 m (PGB) , sculling while floating on the back for 10m (SC) . Time was recorded. Results. There was a statistically significant between the two measures (pre &post) for the experimental group and between the two (post) measures for control and experimental groups. Conclusions. As a result the specific exercise program has been improved performance of gliding through crawl and breaststroke for young swimmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to verify a method of exercises as part of an experimental training program devised to improve starting performance in elite senior swimmers. The testing procedure was conducted on one subject, an elite Serbian breaststroke swimmer, and it consisted of six starts. Initial measurements with advanced diagnostic equipment were conducted to determine errors in the starting technique. A special 8-week experimental program was designed consisting of three different exercises, with the purpose to correct the key components in performing an efficient start. After 8 weeks of the experimental training, final measurements were conducted. A repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to determine significant differences for each variable between the initial and final testing sessions. The most significant finding of this research was the statistical difference in T15m variable (p<0.05), i.e. the experimental training resulted in an improvement of start speed at the 15m mark. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Improve motor function by exercise in the pool. Methods. In general, there are two approaches used to study mechanical aspects of human movement: quantitative approach & qualitative approach. Results. There was significant differences between professional swimmers and beginners movement including: breathing pattern, hand drag and stroke, fingers distances, angle of elbow and knee flexion. Conclusions. These results have to be taken into account by coaches in order to better understand of biomechanical concepts for technical effects of training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]